A mental lexicon refers to the stored knowledge of vocabulary in one's mind. Representation of the mental lexicon is usually obtained through a word association test. A majority of the literature in mental lexicon studies has employed such word association test and focused on the response types to compare mental lexicons in first language (L1) and second language (L2) through responses to stimulus words. This study investigates the response types and detailed response items in Chinese L1 and L2 by focusing on one stimulus word yueliang, which means ‘moon’ in English. The findings lend support to the semantic view among the three standpoints presented (semantic, syntactic and phonological) that L2 mental lexicon might be mainly organized by semantic links. The detailed response items in Chinese L1 and L2 have been carefully studied and implications for L2 vocabulary instruction have also been discussed.
{"title":"Word Association Responses in L1 and L2 to the Chinese Word Yueliang (Moon): Implications for L2 Vocabulary Instruction","authors":"Wenying Jiang","doi":"10.30845/IJLL.V6N2P2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/IJLL.V6N2P2","url":null,"abstract":"A mental lexicon refers to the stored knowledge of vocabulary in one's mind. Representation of the mental lexicon is usually obtained through a word association test. A majority of the literature in mental lexicon studies has employed such word association test and focused on the response types to compare mental lexicons in first language (L1) and second language (L2) through responses to stimulus words. This study investigates the response types and detailed response items in Chinese L1 and L2 by focusing on one stimulus word yueliang, which means ‘moon’ in English. The findings lend support to the semantic view among the three standpoints presented (semantic, syntactic and phonological) that L2 mental lexicon might be mainly organized by semantic links. The detailed response items in Chinese L1 and L2 have been carefully studied and implications for L2 vocabulary instruction have also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122864709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study probes into the Sudanese EFL university learners’ discourse to appraise their ability to use different language functions. To achieve this goal, seventy of Sudanese students studying English as their major at Ash-sharq Ahlia College and El Imam Alhadi College were chosen to be the subjects of this study. The students were asked to respond to a questionnaire, a written test and an interview specially prepared for this purpose. The students were asked to write different types of letters in which they had to express different language functions. The questionnaire, the written test and the interview were thoroughly investigated and statistically analyzed. Results showed that students were not able to make an active use of language to express different language functions. They did not succeed to form the discourse that enable them to give or receive information. So this inability to express language functions properly made the discourse the students produced incoherent and less consistent. The way they began and ended a discourse event was not proper. They did not use appropriate expressions when addressing their audience. The students could choose a function but the problem resides in how to employ proper forms in order to express this function. The content of the message they intended to convey was affected by the inaccuracy of the forms they chose. For this reason, the students failed to express their thoughts and feelings appropriately. In order to understand the message, these students wish to convey you need to exert much effort and pay more attention.
{"title":"The Use of Language Functions among Sudanese EFL Learners","authors":"A. Zakaria","doi":"10.30845/ijll.v6n3p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v6n3p10","url":null,"abstract":"The study probes into the Sudanese EFL university learners’ discourse to appraise their ability to use different language functions. To achieve this goal, seventy of Sudanese students studying English as their major at Ash-sharq Ahlia College and El Imam Alhadi College were chosen to be the subjects of this study. The students were asked to respond to a questionnaire, a written test and an interview specially prepared for this purpose. The students were asked to write different types of letters in which they had to express different language functions. The questionnaire, the written test and the interview were thoroughly investigated and statistically analyzed. Results showed that students were not able to make an active use of language to express different language functions. They did not succeed to form the discourse that enable them to give or receive information. So this inability to express language functions properly made the discourse the students produced incoherent and less consistent. The way they began and ended a discourse event was not proper. They did not use appropriate expressions when addressing their audience. The students could choose a function but the problem resides in how to employ proper forms in order to express this function. The content of the message they intended to convey was affected by the inaccuracy of the forms they chose. For this reason, the students failed to express their thoughts and feelings appropriately. In order to understand the message, these students wish to convey you need to exert much effort and pay more attention.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115276194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring International Students’ Motivations and Identity Construal With Regard To Learning English in the Canadian Context: A Poststructuralist Account 2019","authors":"Mohammed Almazloum, Monther Almeqdadi","doi":"10.30845/IJLL.V6N1P3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/IJLL.V6N1P3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115382511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes universalities and variations of HEART metaphor via qualitative and quantitative analysis of data retrieved from two authoritative, general, and monolingual corpora—Center for Chinese Linguistics (CCL) and Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) in Chinese and English. Results reveal that the universal bodily experience is responsible for the largely shared source domains for HEART metaphor (e.g. CONTAINER, OBJECT, LIVING ORGANISM, etc.) which justifies the universality of conceptual metaphor. However, HEART metaphor in Chinese is richer than in English due to the difference between Western dualism and ancient Chinese philosophy. Besides, the shared metaphor like OBJECT display variations in detail, and unique source domains are used for a particular culture (GAS in Chinese and MECHANICS in English). The traditional Chinese medicine can account for the unique source domain of GAS in Chinese and the other variations can be ascribed to the different social-cultural history in English and Chinese.
{"title":"A Corpus-Based Contrastive Study of HEART Metaphor in Chinese and English","authors":"Shifang Zhou, Xiangyong Jiang","doi":"10.30845/ijll.v7n3p9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v7n3p9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes universalities and variations of HEART metaphor via qualitative and quantitative analysis of data retrieved from two authoritative, general, and monolingual corpora—Center for Chinese Linguistics (CCL) and Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) in Chinese and English. Results reveal that the universal bodily experience is responsible for the largely shared source domains for HEART metaphor (e.g. CONTAINER, OBJECT, LIVING ORGANISM, etc.) which justifies the universality of conceptual metaphor. However, HEART metaphor in Chinese is richer than in English due to the difference between Western dualism and ancient Chinese philosophy. Besides, the shared metaphor like OBJECT display variations in detail, and unique source domains are used for a particular culture (GAS in Chinese and MECHANICS in English). The traditional Chinese medicine can account for the unique source domain of GAS in Chinese and the other variations can be ascribed to the different social-cultural history in English and Chinese.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114920109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effect of Using Role Play Strategy on Tenth Grade Students' Performance in Reading Skill at Public Schools in Amman","authors":"Mona Smadi","doi":"10.30845/ijll.v6n4p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v6n4p11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122714127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article consists of four parts. The first part tries to clarify how the Arabs know the character of the narrator. It explains the importance of this character in literary works. Thus, it views the historical development of the narrator in the Arab world since the era before Islam, then in the era of Islam, and even the modern era. The second part talks about an Iraqi play who played a major role in the development of the Iraqi narrative art. It is Baghdad of eternity between seriousness and humor of the Iraqi dramaturge Qāsim Muḥammad (1934-2009). This play was performed in Baghdad in 1974, where the narrator plays an important role in the narrative of theatrical events, as he connects the historical events that Iraq has experienced with the currently events of the Iraqi spectator. The third part views the epic features of Qāsim’s play and tries to explain why this play was considered as new form of Iraqi theater. It is also want to know why the author used the heritage as a basic material for his play. At the same time this part wants to consider this play from another aspect, and views the real structure of it as new phenomenon at that time. All these will help us to know where the name of this play came from. The fourth part refers to the epic role of the narrator in Baghdad of eternity between seriousness and humor, in order to know more about this character and to view the important role that the narrator can play in the literary work. In addition this article discusses the dramaturges intention, which helps the spectator to meditate on the past and to learn from its lessons so that he can monitor his reality and criticizes it. It will explain why this character becomes a necessary part of the foundations and components of the dramatic work, such as text, author and heritage. Moreover this article will refer to Brecht's epic theater to find similarities between Brecht's theater and Qāsim's theater. Finally, it views the importance of Qāsim's play for the Iraqi society by preserving the literary heritage.
{"title":"Narrator's Technique in the Iraqi Narrative Theater","authors":"Assist. Prof. Dr. Najat Essa Hassen","doi":"10.30845/IJLL.V6N1P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/IJLL.V6N1P10","url":null,"abstract":"This article consists of four parts. The first part tries to clarify how the Arabs know the character of the narrator. It explains the importance of this character in literary works. Thus, it views the historical development of the narrator in the Arab world since the era before Islam, then in the era of Islam, and even the modern era. The second part talks about an Iraqi play who played a major role in the development of the Iraqi narrative art. It is Baghdad of eternity between seriousness and humor of the Iraqi dramaturge Qāsim Muḥammad (1934-2009). This play was performed in Baghdad in 1974, where the narrator plays an important role in the narrative of theatrical events, as he connects the historical events that Iraq has experienced with the currently events of the Iraqi spectator. The third part views the epic features of Qāsim’s play and tries to explain why this play was considered as new form of Iraqi theater. It is also want to know why the author used the heritage as a basic material for his play. At the same time this part wants to consider this play from another aspect, and views the real structure of it as new phenomenon at that time. All these will help us to know where the name of this play came from. The fourth part refers to the epic role of the narrator in Baghdad of eternity between seriousness and humor, in order to know more about this character and to view the important role that the narrator can play in the literary work. In addition this article discusses the dramaturges intention, which helps the spectator to meditate on the past and to learn from its lessons so that he can monitor his reality and criticizes it. It will explain why this character becomes a necessary part of the foundations and components of the dramatic work, such as text, author and heritage. Moreover this article will refer to Brecht's epic theater to find similarities between Brecht's theater and Qāsim's theater. Finally, it views the importance of Qāsim's play for the Iraqi society by preserving the literary heritage.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130419129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed at investigating the degree of using authentic assessment strategies and tools by English language teachers at Al Korah Directorate of Education in Jordan. The study participants consisted of (39 ) male and female English language teachers chosen randomly. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed consisted of 28 forms of authentic assessment strategies and tools. The results of the study revealed that the degree of teachers' using authentic assessment strategies and tools was moderate (means 2.65). Results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of teachers' using authentic assessment strategies and tools related to gender. Whereas, the results presented that there were statistically significant differences related to the effect of teaching experience in favour of highly experienced teachers and to the effect of the training courses in favour of teachers who had more than 3 training courses. Recommendations were offered in light of the study results. pencil and paper, observation, communication, and reflection assessment. Moreover, this study showed the degree of using authentic assessment tools like a checklist, rating scale, rubric, learning log and anecdotal records.
{"title":"Classroom Authentic Assessment Strategies and Tools used by English Language Teachers in Jordan","authors":"Dr. Samer M. Al-Zoubi","doi":"10.30845/ijll.v6n4p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v6n4p5","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at investigating the degree of using authentic assessment strategies and tools by English language teachers at Al Korah Directorate of Education in Jordan. The study participants consisted of (39 ) male and female English language teachers chosen randomly. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed consisted of 28 forms of authentic assessment strategies and tools. The results of the study revealed that the degree of teachers' using authentic assessment strategies and tools was moderate (means 2.65). Results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the degree of teachers' using authentic assessment strategies and tools related to gender. Whereas, the results presented that there were statistically significant differences related to the effect of teaching experience in favour of highly experienced teachers and to the effect of the training courses in favour of teachers who had more than 3 training courses. Recommendations were offered in light of the study results. pencil and paper, observation, communication, and reflection assessment. Moreover, this study showed the degree of using authentic assessment tools like a checklist, rating scale, rubric, learning log and anecdotal records.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122225169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Search of the Roots of Khaṛī-bolīHindī","authors":"Andrea Drocco","doi":"10.30845/IJLL.V6N2P15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/IJLL.V6N2P15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127869203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the way English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has been taught at a federal public school responsible for the offer of vocational courses in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We analyzed ESP syllabus in Oil and Gas vocational course, considering ESP basic principles and the pedagogy of multiliteracies. Questionnaires were applied with students as well as semi-structured interviews with 2 teachers of the course. The sections of theESP teaching proposal were elaborated considering ESP needs analysis, contents, resources and general proceduresthat were guided by the blanks we noticed in the syllabus concerning the underlying principles of ESP and the pedagogy of multiliteracies, students’ opinions as well as what teachers highlighted as a good ESP course.Data analysis led us to design an ESP teaching proposal for vocational courses focusing on reading (newspaper news) and oral communication (business meetings) to be used by and initially guide English teachers’ practices in Professional and Technological Education settings.
{"title":"An ESP Teaching Proposal for Oil and Gas Vocational Courses","authors":"Wigna Thalissa Guerra, Samuel de Carvalho Lima","doi":"10.30845/ijll.v6n4p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/ijll.v6n4p10","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to elucidate the way English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has been taught at a federal public school responsible for the offer of vocational courses in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. We analyzed ESP syllabus in Oil and Gas vocational course, considering ESP basic principles and the pedagogy of multiliteracies. Questionnaires were applied with students as well as semi-structured interviews with 2 teachers of the course. The sections of theESP teaching proposal were elaborated considering ESP needs analysis, contents, resources and general proceduresthat were guided by the blanks we noticed in the syllabus concerning the underlying principles of ESP and the pedagogy of multiliteracies, students’ opinions as well as what teachers highlighted as a good ESP course.Data analysis led us to design an ESP teaching proposal for vocational courses focusing on reading (newspaper news) and oral communication (business meetings) to be used by and initially guide English teachers’ practices in Professional and Technological Education settings.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115712928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The title of this research is “The Analysis Of Code Mixing Used By Agnez Monica In Commentating The Participants Of The Voice Indonesia Contest”.The research intended to figure out why Agnez Monica did code-mixing when she commented the participant in the voice Indonesia contest. The research applied qualitative method to investigate the types of code-mixing and the reasons for doing code-mixing. The data were taken from video that are published in youtube. The comments selected were mainly focused on technique vocal. The data analysis reveals that code-mixing is mostly found when someone talked about music, art and some comment about vocal technique.
{"title":"The Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Agnez Monica in Commentating the Participants of The Voice Indonesia Contest","authors":"Paulina Novarita","doi":"10.30845/IJLL.V6N2P8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30845/IJLL.V6N2P8","url":null,"abstract":"The title of this research is “The Analysis Of Code Mixing Used By Agnez Monica In Commentating The Participants Of The Voice Indonesia Contest”.The research intended to figure out why Agnez Monica did code-mixing when she commented the participant in the voice Indonesia contest. The research applied qualitative method to investigate the types of code-mixing and the reasons for doing code-mixing. The data were taken from video that are published in youtube. The comments selected were mainly focused on technique vocal. The data analysis reveals that code-mixing is mostly found when someone talked about music, art and some comment about vocal technique.","PeriodicalId":409958,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language & Linguistics","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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