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The Foreign Vocabulary of the Glorious Qur’an 《古兰经》的外文词汇
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n2p7
Rose Aljanada, Aseel M. Alfaisal
When talking about foreign vocabulary of the Glorious Qur’an, different arguments took place and affected the line of researche on Qura’nic studies. Some scholars were against the idea that the Glorious Qur’an has foreign words. Other scholarsargued against that, claiming that the existence of foreign words in the Glorious Qur’an would reflect the richness of Arabic and the excellence of the Qur’an. In the middle of these two points of view, lies the convincing argument that both points of view are not wrong: those who claim that there are foreign words in the Glorious Qur’an are right because the origins of these words are Persian, Syriac, Ethiopic, or Hebrew etc. and those who reject this claim are also right because these words were adopted into Arabic and were Arabicized so they became integrated in the Arabic language.
在讨论《光荣的古兰经》的外来词时,发生了不同的争论,影响了古兰经研究的路线。一些学者反对《荣耀的古兰经》有外来词的观点。其他学者反对这种说法,声称《荣耀的古兰经》中外来词的存在反映了阿拉伯语的丰富和《古兰经》的卓越。在这两种观点的中间,存在着令人信服的论点,即两种观点都没有错:那些声称《荣耀的古兰经》中有外来词的人是正确的,因为这些词的起源是波斯语、叙利亚语、埃塞俄比亚语或希伯来语等,而那些拒绝这种说法的人也是正确的,因为这些词被阿拉伯语采纳并被阿拉伯化,因此它们融入了阿拉伯语。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Sounds of Ancient Scripts 古代文字语音识别
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n4p8
B. S. Manoj
This work confirms the empirical assumption that there is a relation between images of ancient script characters, their sounds, related tongue tip movements and tongue contours. This relation is used to identify sounds of undeciphered scripts. As a first step, sounds which are not in combinations are selected from Hindi, English and Tamil. There are 24 such sounds. These sounds are then represented by points on inner surface of the oral cavity. Images of characters of Egyptian hieroglyphs and Linear B scripts, which have already been deciphered, are selected and their corresponding sounds are studied to precisely position 24 sounds in the vocal cavity. Then, the relation between images, sounds, tongue tip movements and tongue contours is also verified. Using this information, Indus script and Oracle bone scripts are analyzed and their sound values are identified. This approach may be of help in identifying sounds of ancient scripts representing images and as well as understanding primitive spoken languages lacking written scripts.
本研究证实了古代文字形象、语音、相关舌尖运动和舌头轮廓之间存在联系的经验假设。这种关系被用来识别未破译的文字的声音。作为第一步,从印地语、英语和泰米尔语中选择没有组合的声音。这样的声音有24种。这些声音用口腔内表面的点来表示。选择已被破译的埃及象形文字和线形B文字的文字形象,研究其对应的声音,精确定位24个声音在声腔中的位置。然后,还验证了图像、声音、舌尖运动和舌头轮廓之间的关系。利用这些信息,分析了印度河文字和甲骨文文字,并确定了它们的音值。这种方法可能有助于识别代表图像的古代文字的声音,以及理解缺乏书面文字的原始口头语言。
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引用次数: 0
Recovering from a Natural Disaster: The Poster Project in the City of Onagawa, Japan 从自然灾害中恢复:日本女川市的海报项目
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n1p4
S. Azuma
Journalistic objectivity is the ideal that reporting should be based purely on facts without allowing a journalists’ personal values, beliefs, and emotions into a story. However, in today’s changing media environment, the principle of objectivity continues to be questioned. The present study examines the objectivity of local journalistsimmediately following the Eastern Japan Great Earthquake. In particular, we discuss the Kahoku Shin pōposter project in the city of Onagawa, where extensive earthquake damage occurred. One of the findings is that, in a departure from objectivity, journalistic compassion is a great tool for connecting with the local community and forassisting with the recovery effort in the area.
新闻客观性是一种理想,即报道应该完全基于事实,而不允许记者的个人价值观、信仰和情感进入报道。然而,在当今不断变化的媒体环境中,客观性原则继续受到质疑。本研究考察了东日本大地震发生后当地新闻记者的客观性。特别是,我们讨论了在女川市的Kahoku Shin pōposter项目,那里发生了广泛的地震破坏。其中一项发现是,在背离客观性的情况下,新闻的同情心是与当地社区联系和协助该地区恢复工作的一个很好的工具。
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引用次数: 0
In Search of a Sustainable Training Model for Educational Interpreting – Stellenbosch University: A Case Study 教育口译可持续培养模式的探索——以斯泰伦博斯大学为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n2p6
Prof Harold M Lesch
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of Academic Reading Strategies among Thai Economics Students 泰国经济学专业学生学术阅读策略调查
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n3p12
Prathomwat Suraprajit
Reading is one of the most important skills for language learners. Therefore, the reading strategies play a vital role for comprehending their reading tasks. The present study then investigated the reading strategies employed by Thai university students towards academic reading. The questionnaire, which based on the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (Oxford, 1990), and semi-structure interview were conducted for collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. The collected data then were analysed by using the descriptive statistics. Classified by category, the findings from the questionnaire indicated that affective strategies was rated at the most used strategy, whereas social strategies was reported the least use. Moreover, grouped by strategy, the highest used strategies was cognitive strategies, whereas social strategies was at the least level. In addition, the results from interviewing stated that scanning (cognitive strategies) was the most employed strategy, whereas reading a passage only one time with no focus was the least used. Moreover, summarizing (cognitive strategies) was the most useful strategy reported by the participants, while reading slowly with no focus was the useless technique for most of them. A further study should explore the relationship between the use of reading strategies and the perception towards the useful strategies.
阅读是语言学习者最重要的技能之一。因此,阅读策略对理解学生的阅读任务起着至关重要的作用。本研究随后调查了泰国大学生在学术阅读中所采用的阅读策略。采用基于《语言学习策略量表》(牛津,1990)的问卷调查和半结构访谈,收集定量和定性数据。然后用描述性统计对收集到的数据进行分析。按类别分类,问卷调查结果表明,情感策略被评为使用最多的策略,而社交策略被报道使用最少。此外,按策略分组,使用最多的策略是认知策略,而使用最少的策略是社交策略。此外,访谈的结果表明,浏览(认知策略)是最常用的策略,而只阅读一遍没有重点的文章是最不常用的策略。此外,总结(认知策略)是参与者报告的最有用的策略,而对大多数人来说,没有重点的缓慢阅读是无用的技巧。进一步的研究应该探讨阅读策略的使用与对有用策略的感知之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
The Race of Sound by Nina Sun Eidsheim, Duke University Press, 2019 《声音的竞赛》,妮娜·孙·艾德海姆著,杜克大学出版社,2019年
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n4p14
A. Zanfei
The Race of Sound gives an insight into topics related to African American music from the perspective of politicized listening, timbre and vocality. Everyone can sing a song and speak a language, but only talented singers and orators are exceptional to their audience.The singers‟ performances analyzed by the author of “The Race of Sound” come from the rich history of African American music. While Eidsheim tells the stories of both very and less famous singers, and focuses on the remarkable voices of Billie Holiday, Jimmy Scott and Marian Anderson, the book is not about their innate talent.It is about those vocal traits that are socially acquired either as part of a linguistic community or as part of culturally marked training techniques.Indeed, the author explains that when singers improvise, their performance appears spontaneous and natural, but it actually is the result of a lifetime enculturation process. Moreover, Eidsheim claims that,regrettably, vocal training is often influenced by pedagogical preconceptions based onpolitical ideology.
《声音的种族》从政治化的聆听、音色和声乐的角度,深入探讨了与非裔美国人音乐相关的话题。每个人都会唱歌,都会说一种语言,但只有才华横溢的歌手和演说家才能让听众感到与众不同。《声音的种族》一书的作者分析的歌手们的表演来自于丰富的非裔美国人音乐史。虽然Eidsheim讲述了非常有名和不那么有名的歌手的故事,并把重点放在比莉·霍乐迪、吉米·斯科特和玛丽安·安德森的出色嗓音上,但这本书并不是关于他们天生的才能。它是关于那些声音特征是社会获得的,要么是作为语言社区的一部分,要么是作为文化标记训练技巧的一部分。事实上,作者解释说,当歌手即兴表演时,他们的表演看起来是自发的,自然的,但实际上这是一生的文化适应过程的结果。此外,Eidsheim声称,令人遗憾的是,声乐训练经常受到基于政治意识形态的教学先入为主的影响。
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引用次数: 0
On the Potential of Various Approaches tothe Semantics of Novel English Compounds 新英语复合词不同语义研究方法的潜力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n4p9
Yulia Vorobeva
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引用次数: 1
Using Web Conferencing Tools for Preparing Reading Specialists: The Impact of Asynchronous and Synchronous Collaboration on the Learning Process 使用网络会议工具准备阅读专家:异步和同步协作对学习过程的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v6n3p1
Chhanda Islam
Web conferencing as an online instructional tool is becoming widely used in many literacy programs in graduate education. However, little is known about how faculty combines asynchronous and synchronous web conferencing technology to enhance pedagogical content knowledge. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a graduate reading methods course offered via synchronous web conference tools combined with an asynchronous component that supports graduate literacy candidates working as literacy coaches and reading specialists.The data indicated a paradigm shift in the way online courses should be taught via two types of online instruction (asynchronous text-based materials and synchronous web conferencing lectures) to emulate traditional face-to-face lectures. Results suggested 93% of graduate students would prefer to take an online course that uses both synchronous web conferencing lectures and asynchronous text-based instruction. Eighty-seven percent of graduate students felt that participating in synchronous web conferencing lectures in addition to using the asynchronous text-based lecture materials increased their understanding of the course material. For more than a decade, distance learning has been a part of higher education in every postsecondary institution. Administrators who thought that an instructor’s physical presence in a classroom contributed to the success of the students and the program pedagogically and economically are now encouraging their academic faculty members to teach via video conferencing—a viable alternative (Peterson & Slotta, 2009).To expand offerings, bolster enrollment and revenue streams, and reach remote students, many administrators are willing to offer web-enhanced courses because they think technology-based classrooms can produce better results than the conventional classroom. Such views are supported by many researchers who suggest distance teaching and learning can be equal to or better than inperson teaching in a traditional classroom (Karabulut & Correia, 2008).A web-enhanced course is classified as an online class wherein face-to-face instruction is integrated, with a substantial amount of “seat time” in the traditional classroom being substituted with internet-based activities. Ultimately, the goal of hybrid instruction is the creation of synchronous and asynchronous learning communities that enable students to create networks of interactions in which deep learning takes place (Li & Atkins, 2005; Wang & Newlin, 2000). Web conferencing as an online instructional tool is becoming widely used in many literacy programs in graduate education. However, it is difficult to find a systematic empirical study of how the collaborative competencies of graduate students and course instructors impact literacy learning in any online environment (Bodzin & Park, 2016). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a graduate reading methods course offered via synchronous web conference tools
网络会议作为一种在线教学工具正被广泛应用于研究生教育的许多扫盲项目中。然而,对于教师如何结合异步和同步网络会议技术来增强教学内容知识,人们知之甚少。因此,本研究的目的是确定通过同步网络会议工具提供的研究生阅读方法课程与异步组件相结合的影响,该课程支持作为读写教练和阅读专家的研究生读写候选人。数据表明,在线课程的教学方式发生了范式转变,通过两种类型的在线教学(异步基于文本的材料和同步网络会议讲座)来模仿传统的面对面讲座。调查结果显示,93%的研究生更愿意选择同时使用同步网络会议讲座和异步文本教学的在线课程。87%的研究生认为,除了使用异步文本授课材料外,参加同步网络会议的授课增加了他们对课程材料的理解。十多年来,远程教育已经成为每个高等院校高等教育的一部分。那些认为教师在课堂上的实际存在有助于学生和项目在教学上和经济上的成功的管理人员现在鼓励他们的学术教员通过视频会议进行教学-这是一个可行的选择(Peterson & Slotta, 2009)。为了扩大课程范围,增加注册人数和收入来源,并接触到偏远地区的学生,许多管理者都愿意提供网络增强课程,因为他们认为基于技术的教室比传统教室产生更好的效果。这种观点得到了许多研究人员的支持,他们认为远程教学和学习可以等同于或优于传统课堂上的面对面教学(Karabulut & Correia, 2008)。网络增强课程被归类为在线课程,其中整合了面对面的教学,在传统课堂上的大量“座位时间”被基于互联网的活动所取代。最终,混合教学的目标是创建同步和异步学习社区,使学生能够创建深度学习发生的互动网络(Li & Atkins, 2005;Wang & Newlin, 2000)。网络会议作为一种在线教学工具正被广泛应用于研究生教育的许多扫盲项目中。然而,很难找到一个系统的实证研究,研究研究生和课程教师的协作能力如何影响任何在线环境下的识字学习(Bodzin & Park, 2016)。本研究的目的是确定通过同步网络会议工具提供的研究生阅读方法课程与异步组件相结合的影响,该组件支持作为读写教练和阅读专家工作的研究生读写候选人。
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引用次数: 12
The Problem of German intermediary Translation into Arabic (Goethe's Novel The Sorrows of Young Werther as a model) 德语中介的阿拉伯语翻译问题(以歌德小说《少年维特的烦恼》为例)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/IJLL.V6N1P8
Assist. Prof. Dr. Najat Essa Hassen
There is no doubt that the human beings were blessed by God to have different languages. There are those who speak Semitic languages such as Arabic, Hebrew and Aramaic and there are those who speak Indo-European languages such as Hindi, English, German, etc. This multiplicity normally leads to diversity of the cultures, arts, literatures, and philosophies. Because language is regarded as the means of expressing all these matters, it is necessary to find a way of communication between the different communities. Thus, there has been a need to know and be acquainted with the different languages through the establishment of translation that occurred in the Umayyad and Abbasid eras, especially during the rule of the 5th Umayyad caliph ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān, (646–8 October 705). That is because translation was considered a way of the cultural and social communication. Thus, this research is conducted in three parts to discuss the problems of intermediary translation of German literary text into Arabic. The first part talks about the beginning of the Arabic acquaintance with the famous translations of German literary works, especially in Iraq and Egypt to determine the characteristics of this reception. In the second part we will discuss the most famous German novel which translated into Arabic several times and has gained a lot of resonance in the Arab world. It is Die Leiden des jungen Werthers [The Sorrows of young Werther]. Hereby we refer to their translations, in order to see the influence of the intermediary translation on the original text. The third part is talking about the feature of intermediary translation. It must be investigated which problems causes such translation.
毫无疑问,上帝保佑人类拥有不同的语言。有些人说闪米特语,如阿拉伯语、希伯来语和阿拉姆语,有些人说印欧语,如印地语、英语、德语等。这种多样性通常导致文化、艺术、文学和哲学的多样性。因为语言被认为是表达所有这些事情的手段,所以有必要在不同的社区之间找到一种沟通的方式。因此,有必要通过在倭马亚王朝和阿巴斯王朝时期建立的翻译来了解和熟悉不同的语言,特别是在第五任倭马亚哈里发' Abd al-Malik ibn Marwān(646 - 705年10月8日)的统治期间。这是因为翻译被认为是一种文化和社会交流的方式。因此,本研究分为三个部分来探讨德语文学文本在阿拉伯语翻译中的中介问题。第一部分论述了阿拉伯人开始熟悉德国文学作品的著名译著,特别是在伊拉克和埃及确定了这种接受的特点。在第二部分,我们将讨论最著名的德国小说,它多次被翻译成阿拉伯语,并在阿拉伯世界引起了很大的共鸣。它是《少年维特的烦恼》。在此我们参考他们的译文,以了解中间翻译对原文的影响。第三部分是中介翻译的特点。必须调查是哪些问题导致了这种翻译。
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引用次数: 1
Communication-Cognition ‘Butterfly’ (Geometrical Model of Verbal Communication in Case of Ambiguity) 交际-认知“蝴蝶”(歧义情况下言语交际的几何模型)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.30845/ijll.v7n2p14
Ilham A. Taghiyev
The present paper deals with the traditional semantic triangle from the perspective of successful / unsuccessful communication in case of linguistic ambiguity and examines the limitations of the triangle in description of communication-cognition process. It is maintained that the semantic triangle merely explains the relationship between sign, concept and referent and describes how the received linguistic signs are decoded but fails to demonstrate the process of communication which is the main function of human language. An attempt is made to model and demonstrate communication-cognition process in case of linguistic ambiguity geometrically. Thus, instead of the semantic triangle, the author suggests a new geometrical shape dubbed “communication-cognition „butterfly” which includes both the source and recipient of linguistic signs and is tested by means of English linguistic humor based on ambiguity
本文从语言歧义情况下交际成功/不成功的角度对传统的语义三角进行了探讨,并考察了三角在描述交际认知过程中的局限性。语义三角理论仅仅解释了符号、概念和指称物之间的关系,描述了所接受的语言符号是如何被解码的,而未能展示作为人类语言主要功能的交际过程。本文试图以几何的方式对语言歧义情况下的交际认知过程进行建模和论证。因此,作者提出了一种新的几何形状,即交际-认知“蝴蝶”,它包括语言符号的来源和接受者,并通过基于歧义的英语语言幽默来检验
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Language & Linguistics
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