Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2024.a922705
Mia Levitt-Frank
ABSTRACT: This article offers a view of working with early recollections (ERs) in therapy while incorporating encouragement, reconstruction, and movement between the past, present, and future. Adler saw ERs as stories representing individuals’ “life stories,” meaning their lifestyles (personalities). As metaphoric narratives, ERs also reflect current experiences and emotions. Working with ERs in therapy provides the therapist and client with opportunities for encouragement, growth, and awareness. Engaging with ERs invites varied, creative paths for development and insight. They may be used as an ongoing and interactive tool for assessment and therapeutic interventions. This article presents a process of moving from the past to the present and back to the past by reconstructing an ER. Using the client’s wisdom from the present in the reconstruction opens a significant window to future change and allows the client to expand their perceptions.
ABSTRACT: 本文介绍了在治疗中如何处理早期回忆（ERs），同时结合鼓励、重建以及过去、现在和未来之间的移动。阿德勒将早期回忆视为代表个人 "生活故事 "的故事，即他们的生活方式（个性）。作为隐喻性叙事，ER 也反映了当前的经历和情感。在治疗中使用 ER 为治疗师和客户提供了鼓励、成长和认知的机会。在治疗中使用 ER，可以为治疗师和求助者提供鼓励、成长和觉察的机会。它们可被用作评估和治疗干预的持续互动工具。本文介绍了一个通过重建 ER 从过去到现在再回到过去的过程。在重构过程中运用客户的智慧，为客户打开了一扇通往未来变化的重要窗口，使客户能够扩展自己的认知。
{"title":"Past, Present, and Future Movement in Early Recollection Work","authors":"Mia Levitt-Frank","doi":"10.1353/jip.2024.a922705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2024.a922705","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This article offers a view of working with early recollections (ERs) in therapy while incorporating encouragement, reconstruction, and movement between the past, present, and future. Adler saw ERs as stories representing individuals’ “life stories,” meaning their lifestyles (personalities). As metaphoric narratives, ERs also reflect current experiences and emotions. Working with ERs in therapy provides the therapist and client with opportunities for encouragement, growth, and awareness. Engaging with ERs invites varied, creative paths for development and insight. They may be used as an ongoing and interactive tool for assessment and therapeutic interventions. This article presents a process of moving from the past to the present and back to the past by reconstructing an ER. Using the client’s wisdom from the present in the reconstruction opens a significant window to future change and allows the client to expand their perceptions.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2024.a922702
Melisa Sevi Koç, Bilge Uzun
ABSTRACT: Social interest is the cornerstone of psychological health. Recently, the psychological construct of mindfulness, which is closely linked to psychological health, has received a great deal of attention in counseling research and practice. Mindfulness plays a prominent role in traditional and modern Buddhist approaches that emphasize social justice and equality, as does Adlerian theory. In this regard, this study explores the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between social interest and psychological health. The sample consisted of 261 Turkish university students. The participants were administered the Demographic Information Form as well as three other instruments. Overall, results indicate that mindfulness positively mediates the relationship between social interest and psychological health.
{"title":"The Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Social Interest and Psychological Health","authors":"Melisa Sevi Koç, Bilge Uzun","doi":"10.1353/jip.2024.a922702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2024.a922702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Social interest is the cornerstone of psychological health. Recently, the psychological construct of mindfulness, which is closely linked to psychological health, has received a great deal of attention in counseling research and practice. Mindfulness plays a prominent role in traditional and modern Buddhist approaches that emphasize social justice and equality, as does Adlerian theory. In this regard, this study explores the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between social interest and psychological health. The sample consisted of 261 Turkish university students. The participants were administered the Demographic Information Form as well as three other instruments. Overall, results indicate that mindfulness positively mediates the relationship between social interest and psychological health.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140271245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2024.a922700
J. Sperry, L. Sperry
{"title":"Individual Psychology","authors":"J. Sperry, L. Sperry","doi":"10.1353/jip.2024.a922700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2024.a922700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2024.a922703
Satoshi Kato
ABSTRACT: A courage scale was developed to address issues regarding the definition of Adlerian courage. It considered the relationships among encouragement, courage, and boundary crossing in Japanese university students using structural equation modeling (SEM). According to exploratory factor analysis, the courage scale comprised two factors: striving for superiority over the self and social interest, consistent with Adler’s model of courage. Both factors exhibited sufficient reliability and validity. The SEM results indicated that encouragement from an intimate friend positively influenced social interest, which in turn positively influenced boundary crossing while negatively influencing boundary crossing in the absence of mediation. A classroom management approach based on the results and aimed at enhancing social interest is discussed from an Adlerian perspective.
{"title":"Encouragement as a Form of Social Support Promoting Boundary Crossing and the Development of a Courage Scale","authors":"Satoshi Kato","doi":"10.1353/jip.2024.a922703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2024.a922703","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: A courage scale was developed to address issues regarding the definition of Adlerian courage. It considered the relationships among encouragement, courage, and boundary crossing in Japanese university students using structural equation modeling (SEM). According to exploratory factor analysis, the courage scale comprised two factors: striving for superiority over the self and social interest, consistent with Adler’s model of courage. Both factors exhibited sufficient reliability and validity. The SEM results indicated that encouragement from an intimate friend positively influenced social interest, which in turn positively influenced boundary crossing while negatively influencing boundary crossing in the absence of mediation. A classroom management approach based on the results and aimed at enhancing social interest is discussed from an Adlerian perspective.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2024.a922701
John F. Newbauer
ABSTRACT: Adler frequently said, “Everything can also be different,” and it seems to have been a theme that permeated his life and is also relevant to anyone who follows his theory today. Adler saw movement from a “felt minus” to a “perceived plus” as an inherent part of his life view as well as his theory. He emphasized the importance of the individual’s creative response to life’s challenges rather than the influence of any type of determinism. Following his service as a physician in the trenches of World War I, he developed the concept of Gemeinschaftsgefühl , or social interest or community feeling, as a mark of mental health and a fictional goal toward which all can strive.
{"title":"Everything Can Also Be Different: From Clinical Observation to Lifelong Motif","authors":"John F. Newbauer","doi":"10.1353/jip.2024.a922701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2024.a922701","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Adler frequently said, “Everything can also be different,” and it seems to have been a theme that permeated his life and is also relevant to anyone who follows his theory today. Adler saw movement from a “felt minus” to a “perceived plus” as an inherent part of his life view as well as his theory. He emphasized the importance of the individual’s creative response to life’s challenges rather than the influence of any type of determinism. Following his service as a physician in the trenches of World War I, he developed the concept of Gemeinschaftsgefühl , or social interest or community feeling, as a mark of mental health and a fictional goal toward which all can strive.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2024.a922704
X. Qu, Derek X. Seward
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study examined the classical Adlerian practitioners’ experiences of developing professional identity. Classical Adlerian practitioners are a group of individuals who operationalize from classical Adlerian depth psychotherapy, one of the divergences from Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, data were gathered from two classical Adlerian practitioners using individual semi structured interviews. Findings presented four themes, including influences on developing their professional identities as classical Adlerians, congruency between professional and personal selves, the intertwined learning and applying process, and theoretical divergences within Adlerian Psychology. Implications for training and continued education are suggested.
{"title":"Exploring Classical Adlerian Practitioners’ Professional Identity Development: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"X. Qu, Derek X. Seward","doi":"10.1353/jip.2024.a922704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2024.a922704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This qualitative study examined the classical Adlerian practitioners’ experiences of developing professional identity. Classical Adlerian practitioners are a group of individuals who operationalize from classical Adlerian depth psychotherapy, one of the divergences from Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, data were gathered from two classical Adlerian practitioners using individual semi structured interviews. Findings presented four themes, including influences on developing their professional identities as classical Adlerians, congruency between professional and personal selves, the intertwined learning and applying process, and theoretical divergences within Adlerian Psychology. Implications for training and continued education are suggested.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140280286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2023.a915975
Lilya Shienko
ABSTRACT: There is evidence to suggest that social media can have traumatizing effects on its viewers, particularly in areas of documented warfare, with direct effects on the average citizen in a country at war. Given social media’s ability to connect any place in the world today to any other, users can become immersed in global issues, including the reporting of news related to war. As social beings, individuals play different roles during times of warfare—they can create media to spread political messages, consume the media, or share the media—all of which essentially contribute to the consumption of a significant amount of war-related media. Any individual continuously exposed to such media has the potential to undergo psychological distress, such as vicarious trauma. This article outlines how media play a role in the impact of the invasion of Ukraine on its viewers’ mental health. Using an Adlerian lens, it also addresses methods for preventing vicarious trauma for social media users and leaders of social-media- oriented businesses through an exploration of values such as community feeling, Social Interest, goal-directedness, social justice, and alleviation of a sense of inferiority.
{"title":"An Adlerian Approach to Preventing Vicarious Trauma From Prolonged Exposure to Social Media","authors":"Lilya Shienko","doi":"10.1353/jip.2023.a915975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2023.a915975","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: There is evidence to suggest that social media can have traumatizing effects on its viewers, particularly in areas of documented warfare, with direct effects on the average citizen in a country at war. Given social media’s ability to connect any place in the world today to any other, users can become immersed in global issues, including the reporting of news related to war. As social beings, individuals play different roles during times of warfare—they can create media to spread political messages, consume the media, or share the media—all of which essentially contribute to the consumption of a significant amount of war-related media. Any individual continuously exposed to such media has the potential to undergo psychological distress, such as vicarious trauma. This article outlines how media play a role in the impact of the invasion of Ukraine on its viewers’ mental health. Using an Adlerian lens, it also addresses methods for preventing vicarious trauma for social media users and leaders of social-media- oriented businesses through an exploration of values such as community feeling, Social Interest, goal-directedness, social justice, and alleviation of a sense of inferiority.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2023.a915980
Sara Saeedi, Mitra Heidarpanah, Faranak Ghorbani
ABSTRACT: Adler was among the first feminists who opposed Freud’s views on the inferiority of women. He argued that it was society, not nature, which had hindered women’s affinity for Social Interest and that this oppression could be overcome through movements for social justice. He believed that women held the capacity and resilience to fight for themselves against gender-based tyranny. One such fundamental tyranny is against women’s bodily autonomy through the enforcement of strict dress codes, especially in autocratic countries such as Iran. The tyranny of the compulsory hijab in Iran is used to describe the mandatory dress code imposed on women, which involves covering their hair and wearing loose-fitting garments that conceal their bodies. This dress code, referred to as hijab , has been enforced since the Islamic Revolution in 1979. In September 2022, the murder of the Iranian woman Mahsa Amini for her supposed improper observance of hijab ignited the worldwide Woman, Life, Freedom movement. This movement calls for the preservation of women’s rights and a shift to secular democracy in Iran. Adlerian art therapy workshops inspired by this movement were held in Vancouver, Canada, to promote resilience and social justice in the Iranian diaspora. These workshops successfully echoed the Woman, Life, Freedom movement and encouraged ally-ship and advocacy for women.
{"title":"Woman, Life, Freedom: The Adlerian Conceptualization of the Woman-Led Revolution Against Tyranny in Iran","authors":"Sara Saeedi, Mitra Heidarpanah, Faranak Ghorbani","doi":"10.1353/jip.2023.a915980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2023.a915980","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Adler was among the first feminists who opposed Freud’s views on the inferiority of women. He argued that it was society, not nature, which had hindered women’s affinity for Social Interest and that this oppression could be overcome through movements for social justice. He believed that women held the capacity and resilience to fight for themselves against gender-based tyranny. One such fundamental tyranny is against women’s bodily autonomy through the enforcement of strict dress codes, especially in autocratic countries such as Iran. The tyranny of the compulsory hijab in Iran is used to describe the mandatory dress code imposed on women, which involves covering their hair and wearing loose-fitting garments that conceal their bodies. This dress code, referred to as hijab , has been enforced since the Islamic Revolution in 1979. In September 2022, the murder of the Iranian woman Mahsa Amini for her supposed improper observance of hijab ignited the worldwide Woman, Life, Freedom movement. This movement calls for the preservation of women’s rights and a shift to secular democracy in Iran. Adlerian art therapy workshops inspired by this movement were held in Vancouver, Canada, to promote resilience and social justice in the Iranian diaspora. These workshops successfully echoed the Woman, Life, Freedom movement and encouraged ally-ship and advocacy for women.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2023.a915972
Maksymilian Blassberg, Nestor D. Kapusta, Marina Bluvshtein
ABSTRACT: Sparse historical sources describe Alfred Adler’s life during World War I, and even fewer sources exist that would provide a thorough understanding of his life in that challenging time. An accidentally found obituary written in 1938 by the Polish Jewish physician Dr. Maksymilian Blassberg in a Polish medical journal unveils some interesting details about Adler’s duty as a military neurologist in the Kraków military hospital in 1917. This article helps fill the gap in understanding the circumstances of Adler’s life at the time. Combined with field letters from Kraków, the article provides a vivid psychobiographical picture of how Adler dealt with wartime circumstances, with fears of being mobilized to the front and the practices of war psychiatry. Many parallels inspire practitioners to think about the dangers and difficulties of today’s Individual Psychologists in Ukraine facing devastating war conditions. The English translation of the obituary is presented here.
{"title":"Alfred Adler as a Doctor (Against the Background of Personal Memories): A Psychobiographical Fragment of Adler During World War I","authors":"Maksymilian Blassberg, Nestor D. Kapusta, Marina Bluvshtein","doi":"10.1353/jip.2023.a915972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2023.a915972","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Sparse historical sources describe Alfred Adler’s life during World War I, and even fewer sources exist that would provide a thorough understanding of his life in that challenging time. An accidentally found obituary written in 1938 by the Polish Jewish physician Dr. Maksymilian Blassberg in a Polish medical journal unveils some interesting details about Adler’s duty as a military neurologist in the Kraków military hospital in 1917. This article helps fill the gap in understanding the circumstances of Adler’s life at the time. Combined with field letters from Kraków, the article provides a vivid psychobiographical picture of how Adler dealt with wartime circumstances, with fears of being mobilized to the front and the practices of war psychiatry. Many parallels inspire practitioners to think about the dangers and difficulties of today’s Individual Psychologists in Ukraine facing devastating war conditions. The English translation of the obituary is presented here.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1353/jip.2023.a915974
Gal Shifron
ABSTRACT: This article describes two clinical cases through Adler’s family and community constellation model. The article aims to describe the anxiety and trauma individuals experience in times of ongoing war. Over time, it is difficult to relax and find peace because any loud-sounding siren may trigger the feeling that an attack is imminent. Anxiety is felt in the body and mind. The body is always keyed up, and the mind is often worried. Two clinical cases are examined to demonstrate how living with constant threats of war causes and maintains traumatic experiences in people and impairs daily functioning.
{"title":"The Psychological Effects of War on Individuals: Two Case Studies","authors":"Gal Shifron","doi":"10.1353/jip.2023.a915974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2023.a915974","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This article describes two clinical cases through Adler’s family and community constellation model. The article aims to describe the anxiety and trauma individuals experience in times of ongoing war. Over time, it is difficult to relax and find peace because any loud-sounding siren may trigger the feeling that an attack is imminent. Anxiety is felt in the body and mind. The body is always keyed up, and the mind is often worried. Two clinical cases are examined to demonstrate how living with constant threats of war causes and maintains traumatic experiences in people and impairs daily functioning.","PeriodicalId":410014,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Individual Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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