Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/18775462-bja10049
Serra Akboy-İlk
Based on primary sources such as field notes, reports, and project memorandums, this article addresses architectural restoration work in Turkey from the 1920s to the 1960s. Despite the country’s limited budget and workforce, especially in the early years of the republic, the government crafted an intense preservation program of historic monuments, whereby preservation professionals implemented the scientific protection of architectural heritage mainly through maintenance and repairs. This article argues that the historiography of Turkish art became an agent in restoration, while the concept of the essence of national architecture served as the ideological basis for physical interventions. Seeking to restore the pure forms of Turkish architecture, preservationists searched for the pedigree of built works, and Sinan’s style was treated as the zenith of Turkish architecture. Works by him, along with other examples associated with the “Classical Period of Architecture” were subjected to heavy-handed interventions aimed at achieving stylistic purity.
{"title":"The Ideological Background to Architectural Restoration in Turkey (1920s–1960s)","authors":"Serra Akboy-İlk","doi":"10.1163/18775462-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Based on primary sources such as field notes, reports, and project memorandums, this article addresses architectural restoration work in Turkey from the 1920s to the 1960s. Despite the country’s limited budget and workforce, especially in the early years of the republic, the government crafted an intense preservation program of historic monuments, whereby preservation professionals implemented the scientific protection of architectural heritage mainly through maintenance and repairs. This article argues that the historiography of Turkish art became an agent in restoration, while the concept of the essence of national architecture served as the ideological basis for physical interventions. Seeking to restore the pure forms of Turkish architecture, preservationists searched for the pedigree of built works, and Sinan’s style was treated as the zenith of Turkish architecture. Works by him, along with other examples associated with the “Classical Period of Architecture” were subjected to heavy-handed interventions aimed at achieving stylistic purity.","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.1163/18775462-20230003
Kahraman Şakul
{"title":"Georg B. Michels, The Habsburg Empire under Siege: Ottoman Expansion and Hungarian Revolt in the Age of Grand Vizier Ahmed Köprülü (1661–76)","authors":"Kahraman Şakul","doi":"10.1163/18775462-20230003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-20230003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41402980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1163/18775462-20230001
Nikos Christofis
{"title":"Dimitris Kamouzis, Greeks in Turkey: Elite Nationalism and Minority Politics in Late Ottoman and Early Republican Istanbul","authors":"Nikos Christofis","doi":"10.1163/18775462-20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-20230001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43827751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-12DOI: 10.1163/18775462-20230002
Özgür Türesay
{"title":"Vie et mort d’un grand vizir. Halil Hamid Pacha (1736–1785). Biographie de l’Empire ottoman, written by Olivier Bouquet","authors":"Özgür Türesay","doi":"10.1163/18775462-20230002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-20230002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43379675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.1163/18775462-bja10048
M. Demiryürek
The Ottoman conquest (1570–71) changed the social, economic and cultural structure on Cyprus. It created a novel society consisting of Muslims and non-Muslims (zimmis or reaya), and led to a taxation system that reflected the evolution of the central administration’s financial needs. Based on Ottoman financial and judicial sources, this article examines an important element in early Ottoman Cypriot society, namely the parici of the Venetian era, known as barık (or parik, parikoz) during the first century of the Ottoman regime. In doing so, the article seeks to highlight one aspect of the fiscal transformation and reconstruction of society in Ottoman Cyprus.
{"title":"The Story of the Parici: Fiscal Transformation and Social Reconstruction in Ottoman Cyprus (1572–1672)","authors":"M. Demiryürek","doi":"10.1163/18775462-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Ottoman conquest (1570–71) changed the social, economic and cultural structure on Cyprus. It created a novel society consisting of Muslims and non-Muslims (zimmis or reaya), and led to a taxation system that reflected the evolution of the central administration’s financial needs. Based on Ottoman financial and judicial sources, this article examines an important element in early Ottoman Cypriot society, namely the parici of the Venetian era, known as barık (or parik, parikoz) during the first century of the Ottoman regime. In doing so, the article seeks to highlight one aspect of the fiscal transformation and reconstruction of society in Ottoman Cyprus.","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45980990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1163/18775462-20220003
Duygu Şendağ
In this article, I explore the changing relationship between humans and spirits and between the self and the divine in Turkey by focusing on the encounter of the poet Enis Behiç Koryürek with a Sufi spirit at a séance in 1946. Based on the scholarship on religion as mediation, I suggest that the poet’s Sufi-spiritist practice brought forth a differently mediated self-divine relationship by forming links between different temporalities, modes of channelling the divine and forms of power and sociality. I believe this analysis of the case of Enis Behiç is helpful in understanding the evolution of ‘alternative spirituality’ within the country’s specific modernisation history, particularly due to the personalised, direct and instant relationship formed with a spirit without prior religious practice, belonging or guidance.
{"title":"Between Tasavvuf and Spiritism: The Case of Enis Behiç Koryürek","authors":"Duygu Şendağ","doi":"10.1163/18775462-20220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-20220003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In this article, I explore the changing relationship between humans and spirits and between the self and the divine in Turkey by focusing on the encounter of the poet Enis Behiç Koryürek with a Sufi spirit at a séance in 1946. Based on the scholarship on religion as mediation, I suggest that the poet’s Sufi-spiritist practice brought forth a differently mediated self-divine relationship by forming links between different temporalities, modes of channelling the divine and forms of power and sociality. I believe this analysis of the case of Enis Behiç is helpful in understanding the evolution of ‘alternative spirituality’ within the country’s specific modernisation history, particularly due to the personalised, direct and instant relationship formed with a spirit without prior religious practice, belonging or guidance.","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49443625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.1163/18775462-20220002
Sandra Knežević
This article looks into the political stance and diplomatic activities of Serbia and Montenegro during the Cretan crisis at the end of the nineteenth century. At the time, no agreement was reached between Greece and the other Balkan states on any joint action due to mutually intertwined territorial and political claims. The Balkan states were trying to promote their individual political goals, either with the Sublime Porte or with the European Great Powers. Serbia, with support from Montenegro, required that the Porte grant church and school autonomy to the population in the northern districts of Ottoman Macedonia. Seeking to resolve the contentious issues with the Porte, Montenegro played a prominent role in the international gendarmerie mission in Crete from 1897 to 1899. The article is based on historical documents from the State Archives of Serbia and Montenegro, as well as the press of the time.
{"title":"Serbia and Montenegro and the Situation in Crete in 1897","authors":"Sandra Knežević","doi":"10.1163/18775462-20220002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-20220002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article looks into the political stance and diplomatic activities of Serbia and Montenegro during the Cretan crisis at the end of the nineteenth century. At the time, no agreement was reached between Greece and the other Balkan states on any joint action due to mutually intertwined territorial and political claims. The Balkan states were trying to promote their individual political goals, either with the Sublime Porte or with the European Great Powers. Serbia, with support from Montenegro, required that the Porte grant church and school autonomy to the population in the northern districts of Ottoman Macedonia. Seeking to resolve the contentious issues with the Porte, Montenegro played a prominent role in the international gendarmerie mission in Crete from 1897 to 1899. The article is based on historical documents from the State Archives of Serbia and Montenegro, as well as the press of the time.","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47489744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.1163/18775462-20220001
E. Kenney
{"title":"Amanda Phillips, Sea Change: Ottoman Textiles between the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean","authors":"E. Kenney","doi":"10.1163/18775462-20220001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-20220001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49512262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-28DOI: 10.1163/18775462-bja10008
Hülya Canbakal, A. Filiztekin
Using probate inventories from multiple locations in the Ottoman central lands, this article offers a quantitative perspective on long-term patterns of slaveholding, slave prices, and demand for slaves. Findings include a continual decline in slave-ownership and related indicators across all social groups and strata, and a decline in prices in connection with trafficking from Africa in the eighteenth century. The investment preferences of the top buyers and the composition of the slave population also indicate that the features of the demand for slaves were neither fixed in any period nor uniform across regions.
{"title":"Slaveholding in the Ottoman Central Lands (1460–1880)","authors":"Hülya Canbakal, A. Filiztekin","doi":"10.1163/18775462-bja10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Using probate inventories from multiple locations in the Ottoman central lands, this article offers a quantitative perspective on long-term patterns of slaveholding, slave prices, and demand for slaves. Findings include a continual decline in slave-ownership and related indicators across all social groups and strata, and a decline in prices in connection with trafficking from Africa in the eighteenth century. The investment preferences of the top buyers and the composition of the slave population also indicate that the features of the demand for slaves were neither fixed in any period nor uniform across regions.","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45784149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.1163/18775462-bja10043
Ahmet Yıkık
From the nineteenth century to the present day, a considerable number of Turkish novels have been published which either incorporate facts from Ottoman history directly into their plots, or rely on that history to form the background of the action. These novels play a significant role in the formation of Turkish national consciousness. The scope of this article is to analyse the historical novels İtiraf (Confession) and Her Yerde Kan Var (There is blood everywhere), which were written during the reign of the Justice and Development Party (akp). The article uses a sociology of literature approach to examine the two books’ depiction of the Ottoman Empire—their ‘Ottoman image’.
{"title":"Historical Novel as a Propaganda Tool: Reviving the Ottoman Past in Fiction","authors":"Ahmet Yıkık","doi":"10.1163/18775462-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18775462-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 From the nineteenth century to the present day, a considerable number of Turkish novels have been published which either incorporate facts from Ottoman history directly into their plots, or rely on that history to form the background of the action. These novels play a significant role in the formation of Turkish national consciousness. The scope of this article is to analyse the historical novels İtiraf (Confession) and Her Yerde Kan Var (There is blood everywhere), which were written during the reign of the Justice and Development Party (akp). The article uses a sociology of literature approach to examine the two books’ depiction of the Ottoman Empire—their ‘Ottoman image’.","PeriodicalId":41042,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Historical Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44369134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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