Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.2039
Zhibo Teng
In the research process of bridge-CAD, through the analysis of the results from penman’s new concept for bridge triunity, it is concluded that the essence of beauty is compassion originally being “karun!a” in Sanskrit, and this conclusion is primarily verified. This study is of positive significance to the cultural self-confidence of Chinese nation.
{"title":"Compassion: Essence of Beauty from Triunity of Bridge-CAD","authors":"Zhibo Teng","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.2039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.2039","url":null,"abstract":"In the research process of bridge-CAD, through the analysis of the results from penman’s new concept for bridge triunity, it is concluded that the essence of beauty is compassion originally being “karun!a” in Sanskrit, and this conclusion is primarily verified. This study is of positive significance to the cultural self-confidence of Chinese nation.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128146682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.1103
Junlen Zhang
The water-stopping efficiency of cofferdams for pile caps is an important indicator with direct influ- ence to the quality and durability of the pile-pouring process. In recent years, a new technique fea- turing flexible capsules serving as waterstops has been introduced, but is still in experimental stage. This thesis, taking the water-stopping construction programme of underwater PC houses of the J. P. Magufuli Bridge project in Tanzania as background, analyzed the two existed types of flexible water- stopping construction methods, id est the integral and separate structures, and studied on measures for improving the flexible water-stopping construction techniques and optimizing the rubber cap- sule waterstops, in the hope of providing references and, possibly, inspirations for similar projects in the future.
承台围堰的止水效率是一项重要指标，直接影响到浇筑过程的质量和耐久性。近年来，人们提出了一种柔性胶囊作为止水带的新技术，但仍处于试验阶段。本文以坦桑尼亚J. P. Magufuli大桥水下PC屋止水施工方案为背景，分析了现有的两种柔性止水施工方法，对整体结构和分体式结构进行了测试，研究了改进柔性止水施工技术和优化橡胶帽壳止水的措施，以期为今后的工程建设提供参考。对未来类似项目的启发。
{"title":"Construction of Flexible Waterstops on Underwater Cofferdams for Pile Caps in Bridge Projects","authors":"Junlen Zhang","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1103","url":null,"abstract":"The water-stopping efficiency of cofferdams for pile caps is an important indicator with direct influ- ence to the quality and durability of the pile-pouring process. In recent years, a new technique fea- turing flexible capsules serving as waterstops has been introduced, but is still in experimental stage. This thesis, taking the water-stopping construction programme of underwater PC houses of the J. P. Magufuli Bridge project in Tanzania as background, analyzed the two existed types of flexible water- stopping construction methods, id est the integral and separate structures, and studied on measures for improving the flexible water-stopping construction techniques and optimizing the rubber cap- sule waterstops, in the hope of providing references and, possibly, inspirations for similar projects in the future.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"129 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133720229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.0267
Guang Hong, Jiawu Li, Jiaying Wang, Jun Wang, Feng Wang, Yu Li
The paper researches the wind vibration performance of suspended double-deck streamlined bridge deck using the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation. Studies shown that for suspended double- deck bridge, due to the aerodynamic interference of the upper deck, the lower deck is driven by a vertical vibration negative damping, and the vertical vibration is significantly changed. The pressure distribution of the upper deck and the upper edge of lower deck did not change. The wind load acts on the upper edge of lower deck, and the minus attack angle was generated. With the generation, migration and shedding of large-scale vortices at the lower edge of the lower deck, the lower deck occurs the bending-torsional coupling "soft flutter". Moreover, due to the structural static coupling between the upper deck and the lower deck, the bending-torsional soft flutter at the lower deck induces the bending-torsional soft flutter of the double-deck bridge deck.
{"title":"Wind Induced Vibration Performance of Suspended Double-deck Flat Box Girder Bridge","authors":"Guang Hong, Jiawu Li, Jiaying Wang, Jun Wang, Feng Wang, Yu Li","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.0267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0267","url":null,"abstract":"The paper researches the wind vibration performance of suspended double-deck streamlined bridge deck using the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation. Studies shown that for suspended double- deck bridge, due to the aerodynamic interference of the upper deck, the lower deck is driven by a vertical vibration negative damping, and the vertical vibration is significantly changed. The pressure distribution of the upper deck and the upper edge of lower deck did not change. The wind load acts on the upper edge of lower deck, and the minus attack angle was generated. With the generation, migration and shedding of large-scale vortices at the lower edge of the lower deck, the lower deck occurs the bending-torsional coupling \"soft flutter\". Moreover, due to the structural static coupling between the upper deck and the lower deck, the bending-torsional soft flutter at the lower deck induces the bending-torsional soft flutter of the double-deck bridge deck.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.0928
D. Owolabi, C. Loss
This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of prefabricated mass timber floors, with a focus on composite floor assemblies for common residential and long-span office applications. The discussion relates to different design aspects, including connection systems and methods of assembly. Also, design methods and code provisions for the floor assemblies comprising ultimate limit state design, vibration control and long-term behaviour are expounded. A life-cycle overview of floor solutions is also presented to highlight their sustainability potential. The paper demonstrates how the building industry can leverage the structural performance, light weight and prefabrication capabilities of these innovative floor solutions for a better-built environment.
{"title":"Advancements in Timber Construction: A Review of Prefabricated Mass Timber Floor Assemblies","authors":"D. Owolabi, C. Loss","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.0928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0928","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of prefabricated mass timber floors, with a focus on composite floor assemblies for common residential and long-span office applications. The discussion relates to different design aspects, including connection systems and methods of assembly. Also, design methods and code provisions for the floor assemblies comprising ultimate limit state design, vibration control and long-term behaviour are expounded. A life-cycle overview of floor solutions is also presented to highlight their sustainability potential. The paper demonstrates how the building industry can leverage the structural performance, light weight and prefabrication capabilities of these innovative floor solutions for a better-built environment.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115209750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.2079
H. Xu, Zhigang Wu, Shanhong Yang, L. Yin, Yu Zhu
The Pi River Water Viaduct is a milestone in the Yangtze-to-Huai Water Diversion Project. From the structure point of view, it is a girder-arch composite system with a span configuration (68+110+68)m. It is the first aqueduct made of steel structures in China. And its span ranks the 1st in the world in terms of navigable aqueducts. Site selection, load features, structure type, durability are firstly discussed in the paper on the basis of construction conditions, and then a corresponding conceptual design is given. The reliability of the design solution is validated by a large number of scientific studies and tests, and guidance for detailed structural design is also summarized from the studies and tests.
{"title":"Design of the Main Structure of The Pi River Water Viaduct","authors":"H. Xu, Zhigang Wu, Shanhong Yang, L. Yin, Yu Zhu","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.2079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.2079","url":null,"abstract":"The Pi River Water Viaduct is a milestone in the Yangtze-to-Huai Water Diversion Project. From the structure point of view, it is a girder-arch composite system with a span configuration (68+110+68)m. It is the first aqueduct made of steel structures in China. And its span ranks the 1st in the world in terms of navigable aqueducts. Site selection, load features, structure type, durability are firstly discussed in the paper on the basis of construction conditions, and then a corresponding conceptual design is given. The reliability of the design solution is validated by a large number of scientific studies and tests, and guidance for detailed structural design is also summarized from the studies and tests.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115689217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.0173
Sébastien Maheux, J. King, A. El Damatty, F. Brancaleoni
It has been shown that the nonlinear differential equations representing the structural system of a suspension bridge exhibit nonlinear modal coupling that can lead to large torsional vibrations of the bridge deck. Such nonlinear coupling could play a role in the stability of cable-supported bridges under wind effects. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation of nonlinear modal coupling in cable-supported bridges with an emphasis on coupling between pairs of non- analogous modes, i.e., modes having a weak correlation along the bridge deck between the verti- cal displacement and torsional rotation. A procedure for assessing nonlinear coupling that relies on nonlinear generalized stiffness parameters is utilized for this purpose. Results of nonlinear gen- eralized stiffness analysis for suspension bridges indicate that non-analogous modes have a weak- er nonlinear coupling compared to analogous modal pairs.
{"title":"Nonlinear Coupling in Cable-Supported Bridges for Non-Analogous Modes","authors":"Sébastien Maheux, J. King, A. El Damatty, F. Brancaleoni","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0173","url":null,"abstract":"It has been shown that the nonlinear differential equations representing the structural system of a suspension bridge exhibit nonlinear modal coupling that can lead to large torsional vibrations of the bridge deck. Such nonlinear coupling could play a role in the stability of cable-supported bridges under wind effects. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation of nonlinear modal coupling in cable-supported bridges with an emphasis on coupling between pairs of non- analogous modes, i.e., modes having a weak correlation along the bridge deck between the verti- cal displacement and torsional rotation. A procedure for assessing nonlinear coupling that relies on nonlinear generalized stiffness parameters is utilized for this purpose. Results of nonlinear gen- eralized stiffness analysis for suspension bridges indicate that non-analogous modes have a weak- er nonlinear coupling compared to analogous modal pairs.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"31 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114124389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.1378
Quan-ke Su, Wenbo Gao, Zili Xia, Jinwen Zhang, Yongling Zhu
The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) located at the Pearl River Estuary on the south coast of China, links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai-Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km; It is the longest sea-crossing made of artificial island, immersed tunnel and steel bridge in the world, and was opened to traffic in October 2018. The environment where HZMB located is almost the most severe subtropical marine corrosive environments in China, the durability, maintenance and operation are undoubtedly amongst the major work of this project. In the view of the prominence of this bridge, it is a huge challenge for the engineers to achieve this. This paper describes the durability and integrated structure health monitoring system of HZMB.
{"title":"The Durability and SHM System of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge","authors":"Quan-ke Su, Wenbo Gao, Zili Xia, Jinwen Zhang, Yongling Zhu","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.1378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1378","url":null,"abstract":"The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) located at the Pearl River Estuary on the south coast of China, links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai-Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km; It is the longest sea-crossing made of artificial island, immersed tunnel and steel bridge in the world, and was opened to traffic in October 2018. The environment where HZMB located is almost the most severe subtropical marine corrosive environments in China, the durability, maintenance and operation are undoubtedly amongst the major work of this project. In the view of the prominence of this bridge, it is a huge challenge for the engineers to achieve this. This paper describes the durability and integrated structure health monitoring system of HZMB.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"58 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114093685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.1434
Yunlu Wang, M. Gao, Jingjing Yang
Bridge expansion joints (BEJs) are equipped at the girder end of long-span railway bridges to ensure the reliable transition of the track. The track structure of BEJs is more complex than that of bridge, so the BEJs should have suitable dynamic stiffness to ensure the safety and stability of vehicle. Taking a high-speed railway bridge equipped with densely arranged BEJs as an example, a vehicle- track-bridge coupled model was established to analyse the influence of vertical stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of whole system. Base on the established model, the study shows that the deformation of the BEJs will cause the short-wave irregularity of the rail and high-frequency impact on the vehicle. The unreasonable stiffness of BEJs will greatly increase the derail risk of the vehicle, so the influence of the stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of vehicle should be considered adequately in the design of the BEJs. According to the research results, it is recommended to use a larger stiffness of cushion plate. The results have been applied to the design of the BEJs on the studied railway lines, which are in good service condition at present.
{"title":"Study on the Influence of Bridge Expansion Joints on Vehicle-Track- Bridge System","authors":"Yunlu Wang, M. Gao, Jingjing Yang","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.1434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1434","url":null,"abstract":"Bridge expansion joints (BEJs) are equipped at the girder end of long-span railway bridges to ensure the reliable transition of the track. The track structure of BEJs is more complex than that of bridge, so the BEJs should have suitable dynamic stiffness to ensure the safety and stability of vehicle. Taking a high-speed railway bridge equipped with densely arranged BEJs as an example, a vehicle- track-bridge coupled model was established to analyse the influence of vertical stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of whole system. Base on the established model, the study shows that the deformation of the BEJs will cause the short-wave irregularity of the rail and high-frequency impact on the vehicle. The unreasonable stiffness of BEJs will greatly increase the derail risk of the vehicle, so the influence of the stiffness of BEJs on the dynamic response of vehicle should be considered adequately in the design of the BEJs. According to the research results, it is recommended to use a larger stiffness of cushion plate. The results have been applied to the design of the BEJs on the studied railway lines, which are in good service condition at present.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"20 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114095083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.0944
Alecs Kak Tien Chong, M. Tapley, S. Jenkins, Thomas Chandler
The West Kowloon Cultural District Artist Square Bridge (ASB) is a part of Hong Kong’s new art and cultural district development. It forms a primary pedestrian link between the adjacent MTR station and the new development. ASB is a design-and-build project consisting of a 78m clear spanning, 8m wide footbridge, an access lift tower and a 30m long staircase and escalators. The footbridge is a covered, dual steel arch and Vierendeel truss footbridge, that crosses an existing flyover, connecting the station shopping mall to the new development. During construction of ASB, very limited space was available on the new development site to accommodate the construction of ASB. These posed engineering challenges to the design and construction team. This paper presents the design of the ASB structures with particular focus on the main footbridge, and the challenges encountered during the design and construction of ASB and how incremental launching solution was developed to tackle these challenges.
{"title":"Design and Construction of the West Kowloon Cultural District Artist Square Arch Footbridge","authors":"Alecs Kak Tien Chong, M. Tapley, S. Jenkins, Thomas Chandler","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.0944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0944","url":null,"abstract":"The West Kowloon Cultural District Artist Square Bridge (ASB) is a part of Hong Kong’s new art and cultural district development. It forms a primary pedestrian link between the adjacent MTR station and the new development. ASB is a design-and-build project consisting of a 78m clear spanning, 8m wide footbridge, an access lift tower and a 30m long staircase and escalators. The footbridge is a covered, dual steel arch and Vierendeel truss footbridge, that crosses an existing flyover, connecting the station shopping mall to the new development. During construction of ASB, very limited space was available on the new development site to accommodate the construction of ASB. These posed engineering challenges to the design and construction team. This paper presents the design of the ASB structures with particular focus on the main footbridge, and the challenges encountered during the design and construction of ASB and how incremental launching solution was developed to tackle these challenges.","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123915714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2749/nanjing.2022.1693
M. Gao, Jingjing Yang, Guolong Li, Xianfu Sun, Yunlu Wang, Dongfang Wang
Aiming at deformation characteristics of super-span bridge and track in high-speed railway at the acceptance stage, the key factors to track static geometrics are identified, namely the route profile, surrounding temperature, construction deviation and ballast density deviation. According to the study results, the principles of track profile setting is proposed, and the integrated criteria of midpoint chords based on 60 m, 30 m and 10 m is recommended to determine the track target geometric profile. The optimized track adjustment scheme should meet two conditions, first condition is that the irregularity midpoint chord values should not exceed 6 mm/60 m, 3 mm/30 m and 1 mm/10 m, and second condition is that the adjustment range of ballast thickness should be within ( -20 mm~+100 mm).
{"title":"Analysis of Influencing Factors of Track Static Geometric Deviation of Super-Long-Span HSR Bridge","authors":"M. Gao, Jingjing Yang, Guolong Li, Xianfu Sun, Yunlu Wang, Dongfang Wang","doi":"10.2749/nanjing.2022.1693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.1693","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at deformation characteristics of super-span bridge and track in high-speed railway at the acceptance stage, the key factors to track static geometrics are identified, namely the route profile, surrounding temperature, construction deviation and ballast density deviation. According to the study results, the principles of track profile setting is proposed, and the integrated criteria of midpoint chords based on 60 m, 30 m and 10 m is recommended to determine the track target geometric profile. The optimized track adjustment scheme should meet two conditions, first condition is that the irregularity midpoint chord values should not exceed 6 mm/60 m, 3 mm/30 m and 1 mm/10 m, and second condition is that the adjustment range of ballast thickness should be within ( -20 mm~+100 mm).","PeriodicalId":410450,"journal":{"name":"IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125146203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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