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Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium最新文献

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Droop of the Fractional Turn Ratio Pulse Transformer 分数匝比脉冲变压器的下垂
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365236
Gan Kong-yin, Li Ming, Shan Lijun, Hu Heping
In order to successfully design a solid-state modulator with the fractional turn ratio transformer for C band magnetron, the parameters of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer must be chosen carefully. The rise time and fall time of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer can be calculated the same as the traditional pulse transformer, but its droop cannot be calculated with traditional pulse transformer design methods. An equivalent circuit was derived to analyze the droop of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer; the circuit equation has been solved analytically in the article. The results show that the droop equals the reduced pulse width T (T = t/CRe ) in the first order approach, where t is the output pulse width, C is the store energy capacitor and Re is the equivalent load. In the second order approach, it is related with the magnetizing inductance of the fractional turn ratio pulse transformer.
为了成功设计C波段磁控管用分数匝比变压器固态调制器,必须仔细选择分数匝比脉冲变压器的参数。分数匝比脉冲变压器的上升时间和下降时间可与传统脉冲变压器相同计算,但其下垂无法用传统脉冲变压器设计方法计算。推导了一种等效电路来分析分数匝比脉冲变压器的下垂;本文对电路方程进行了解析求解。结果表明,在一阶方法下,下垂等于减小后的脉宽T (T = T /CRe),其中T为输出脉宽,C为储能电容,Re为等效负载。在二阶方法中,它与分数匝比脉冲变压器的磁化电感有关。
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引用次数: 3
Development of a Low Loss, High Dielectric Strength Microwave Substrate 低损耗、高介电强度微波衬底的研制
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365240
D. Sanders, S. Sampayan, G. Caporaso, M. Rhodes, J. Watson, K. Slenes, J. Jacquina, R. De La Fuenta, L. Thurmond
This work describes a comparison of two candidate materials for pulse forming line fabrication with respect to bulk dielectric breakdown, frequency response of relative permittivity, and dielectric loss. One material is a commercially available microwave substrate material that can be procured in sheet form without a high voltage specification, while the other is a newly developed material that also comes in sheet form that can also be cast between the electrodes
这项工作描述了两种候选材料在脉冲成形线制造方面的比较,包括体介电击穿、相对介电常数的频率响应和介电损耗。一种材料是商业上可用的微波衬底材料,可以在没有高电压规格的情况下以片状形式采购,而另一种是新开发的材料,也是片状形式,也可以在电极之间铸造
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引用次数: 4
Reduced Growth Rate of Tumors from Melanoma B16 Cells Exposed to Focused Shock Waves 暴露于聚焦冲击波下的黑色素瘤B16细胞的肿瘤生长速度降低
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365292
P. Šunka, V. Stelmashuk, J. Beneš, P. Poučková
We have developed a generator of two successive shock waves focused to a common focal point. Amplitude of the pressure waves reaches up to 100 MPa at the focus and the rarefaction waves of 25 MPa in amplitude produce cavitations. Schlieren photography of the focal region has demonstrated that interaction of the two successive shocks results in creation of a very complex pressure field at the focus and in creation of many secondary spherical short wavelength shocks originated in collapsing cavitations. Measurements of waveforms by the PVDF shock gauges at the focus indicated that the second wave is strongly attenuated with the increasing time delay between the shocks. Suspension of the melanoma cells B16 has been exposed to 150 and 600 of focused shock waves. Afterwards the cells have been inoculated to the inbred mice C57B16. Volume of the tumors growing from the exposed cells has been compared for 50 days with the tumors growing from the non exposed cells. We have demonstrated that the exposure of the melanoma B16 cells to the focused shock waves results in a reduced growth rate of the tumors. The reduced growth rate has been observed in both the 150 and 600 shocks trials, however, for the case of 600 shocks it was much more pronounced
我们已经研制出一种发生器,它能将两个连续的冲击波集中到一个共同的焦点上。焦点处压力波幅值高达100 MPa,振幅为25 MPa的稀薄波产生空化现象。焦点区域的纹影摄影表明,两个连续冲击的相互作用导致焦点处产生非常复杂的压力场,并产生许多次级球形短波长的冲击,这些冲击起源于塌陷的空泡。聚四氟乙烯冲击计在焦点处的波形测量表明,第二波随着冲击之间的时间延迟的增加而强烈衰减。黑素瘤细胞B16的悬浮体已经暴露在150到600个聚焦冲击波下。然后将细胞接种于近交系小鼠C57B16。从暴露的细胞中生长的肿瘤体积与从未暴露的细胞中生长的肿瘤体积进行了50天的比较。我们已经证明,将黑色素瘤B16细胞暴露在聚焦冲击波下会导致肿瘤生长速度降低。在150次和600次电击试验中都观察到这种下降的增长率,然而,在600次电击的情况下,这种下降更为明显
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引用次数: 0
Power Flow Management in a Diode-Directed Solid-State Marx Modulator 二极管定向固态马克思调制器的功率流管理
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365257
G. Dale, H. Kirbie
The increasing capability of solid-state components has resulted in their expanded use in high-power modulators. One concern in using solid-state switches in high-power modulators is the vulnerability of these switches to over-voltage transients. Protecting the switches is one of the many design challenges of solid-state modulators. Diode-directed Marx modulators have an ability to protect solid-state switches from over-voltage transients by routing the transient energy around the switches and returning it to the stage capacitors. The inherent switch protection capability of a diode-directed Marx modulator is described in this paper and experimental results are shown
随着固态元件性能的不断提高,其在大功率调制器中的应用也越来越广泛。在大功率调制器中使用固态开关的一个问题是这些开关易受过电压瞬变的影响。保护开关是固态调制器的众多设计挑战之一。二极管定向马克思调制器具有保护固态开关免受过电压瞬变的能力,通过在开关周围布线瞬态能量并将其返回到级电容器。本文描述了二极管定向马克思调制器固有的开关保护能力,并给出了实验结果
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of 10 kV, 80 kA Si SGTO Switching Components for Army Pulsed Power Applications 用于军队脉冲功率应用的10kv, 80ka Si SGTO开关元件的评估
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365227
T. Crowley, H. O’Brien, W. Shaheen
The U.S. Army Research Lab (ARL) is investigating the switching capabilities of advanced silicon devices for high current pulsed power applications. These solid state switches are intended to replace more traditional vacuum switches. The benefits of these switches are higher dl/dt, peak power levels and current densities, increased reliability and lifetime, and smaller switch volume. The peak current achieved by the device was 83.3 kA, with a 10% to 90% rise time of 3.5 mus while a 0.263 MA2s without failure. The peak power of the device during this test shot was 78.7 MW. ARL is collaborating with Silicon Power Corp. (SPCO) to evaluate super-GTO performance and improve upon switch/buss bar packaging for pulsed power applications
美国陆军研究实验室(ARL)正在研究用于大电流脉冲功率应用的先进硅器件的开关能力。这些固态开关旨在取代更传统的真空开关。这些开关的优点是更高的dl/dt、峰值功率水平和电流密度、更高的可靠性和寿命,以及更小的开关体积。该器件实现的峰值电流为83.3 kA,上升时间为10%至90%,上升时间为3.5 μ s,无故障0.263 MA2s。在这次测试中,该装置的峰值功率为78.7 MW。ARL正在与硅动力公司(SPCO)合作评估超级gto性能,并改进用于脉冲功率应用的开关/汇流排封装
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引用次数: 5
Design of Compact Transmission Line Transformer for High Voltage Nanosecond Pulses 用于纳秒级高压脉冲的紧凑型输电线路变压器设计
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365301
D. B. Pawelek, P. Wouters, A. Yan, E. V. van Heesch, Z. Liu, G. Winands, G. Brussaard, N. Debernardi, A. Kemper
The area of pulsed-power technology covers a broad range of voltages and pulse durations. State of the art systems have voltages up to a few hundred kilovolts at pulse lengths down to the nanosecond range. Special applications require extreme field strengths in the range of 1 GV/m. The design of a compact source meeting the above requirement aims for 1 MV, 1 ns pulses. In this paper, we propose a concept for a novel compact transmission line transformer. To verify theoretical analyses and understanding, a model of the transmission line transformer has been simulated by time domain electromagnetic field solver. An optimized transmission line transformer has been built and first measurements have been performed. The equivalent simulation model agrees with the experimental results. The effect of secondary mode suppression by means of ferrite has been studied. Both simulations and experiments showed that ferromagnetic cores around each individual transmissions line in our design can be omitted
脉冲功率技术领域涵盖了广泛的电压和脉冲持续时间范围。最先进的系统有高达几百千伏的电压,脉冲长度低至纳秒范围。特殊应用需要在1 GV/m范围内的极端场强。满足上述要求的紧凑型源的设计目标是1 MV, 1 ns脉冲。本文提出了一种新型紧凑型输电线路变压器的概念。为了验证理论分析和理解,利用时域电磁场求解器对传输线变压器模型进行了仿真。一个优化的输电线路变压器已经建成,并进行了第一次测量。等效仿真模型与实验结果吻合较好。研究了利用铁氧体抑制二次模的效果。仿真和实验结果表明,在设计中,每条传输线周围的铁磁磁芯是可以省略的
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic Responses of Biological Liquid to High Intensity and Sub-Microsecond Pulsed Electric Fields 生物液体对高强度和亚微秒脉冲电场的动态响应
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365293
P. Chalise, B. Novac, I. Smith, M. Kong
In bacterial decontamination of liquid food, the use of a high-intensity sub-microsecond pulse electric field offers a number of advantages, including increased breakdown strength of the liquid medium being treated. We present a measurement of temporal response of a sub-microsecond voltage pulse to show both pre-breakdown and breakdown conditions of a bulk biological liquid to establish a parametric range in which electrical breakdown can be avoided. The paper reports sub-microsecond responses of current and voltage pulses, as well as dynamic impedance of the biological load, all of which are important in evaluating the performance of the pulsed electric technique in both cellular and bulk level
在液体食品的细菌净化中,使用高强度亚微秒脉冲电场具有许多优点,包括增加被处理液体介质的击穿强度。我们提出了一种亚微秒电压脉冲的时间响应测量,以显示散装生物液体的预击穿和击穿条件,以建立一个可以避免电击穿的参数范围。本文报道了电流和电压脉冲的亚微秒响应,以及生物负载的动态阻抗,这些都是评估脉冲电技术在细胞和体水平上性能的重要指标
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引用次数: 0
An Explosive Pulsed Power Source Based on Inductive Energy Storage Technology 基于感应储能技术的爆炸脉冲电源
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365323
S. Hao, W. Xie, Qi-zhi Sun, X. Gong, B. Ding
The study of an explosive pulsed power source based on inductive energy storage technology is presented in this paper. The power source consists of a capacitor bank used as the primary energy source, an explosive magnetic flux compression generator (MFCG), and an inductive energy storage power conditioning system with a low resistor load. A pulse voltage of over 400 kV with more than 200 ns duration and less than 50 ns rising time is obtained on a 10 load in experiment
本文研究了一种基于感应储能技术的爆炸脉冲电源。该电源由作为一次电源的电容器组、爆炸磁通压缩发生器(MFCG)和低电阻负载的感应储能功率调节系统组成。实验中,在负载为10的情况下,获得了持续时间大于200ns、上升时间小于50ns的脉冲电压,脉冲电压超过400kv
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引用次数: 1
Computational Techniques for Pulsed Power Design 脉冲功率设计的计算技术
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365179
R. Spielman
As modern pulsed-power drivers increase in size and complexity, traditional experimentally based design techniques become impractical. A combination of computational capabilities is necessary for the timely and cost effective design of multi-MJ, 100-ns pulsed power generators operating above 6 MV and 20 MA. We describe the use of several codes needed to optimize the performance of the various pulsed power components in such a generator. The basic elements of machine design require: detailed circuit design codes, and 3-D electrostatic codes, in a 3-D electromagnetic codes/particle-in-cell codes. Circuit codes such as Screamer, Bertha, and PSpice are critically needed to optimize the overall performance of the generator by determining the circuit values of the individual generator components. Very fast codes are needed to complete this iterative solution. The 3-D electrostatic codes such as Coulomb, HiPhi, and Emphasis/Eiger are the workhorses of electrical design and provide the initial mechanical design of most of the high voltage components. Issues such as electric field grading, triple point shielding, electrical field shaping, and field enhancements are only a few of the design elements that must be considered. Electrostatic modeling is inadequate in situations where time- and space-dependent fields exist. In such cases, time-dependent electromagnetic calculations in three spatial dimensions are critical. Maxwell 3-D and Emphasis/Nevada can be used to model the time-dependent electromagnetic effects on critical accelerator elements such as gas switches and complex conducting structures. Using E&M PIC codes such as Quicksilver in 3-D, we can model the performance of vacuum insulator stacks, magnetically insulated vacuum transmission lines (MITLs), and vacuum convolutes. Critical issues include vacuum electron flow, electron losses, and convolute magnetic field nulls. We present examples of real world calculations using these tools on state-of-the-art pulsed power designs
随着现代脉冲功率驱动器尺寸和复杂性的增加,传统的基于实验的设计技术变得不切实际。对于工作在6 MV和20 MA以上的多兆焦耳、100毫纳脉冲发电机来说,计算能力的结合是及时和经济有效的设计所必需的。我们描述了几个代码的使用,以优化这种发电机中各种脉冲功率组件的性能。机器设计的基本要素要求:详细的电路设计代码、三维静电代码、三维电磁代码/细胞内粒子代码。电路代码,如Screamer, Bertha和PSpice是通过确定单个发电机组件的电路值来优化发电机整体性能的关键。需要非常快的代码来完成这个迭代解决方案。库仑(Coulomb)、HiPhi、艾格(Emphasis/Eiger)等三维静电编码是电气设计的主力军,为大多数高压元件提供了初始机械设计。诸如电场分级、三点屏蔽、电场成形和电场增强等问题只是必须考虑的设计元素中的一小部分。静电建模在存在时空依赖场的情况下是不充分的。在这种情况下,三维空间中随时间变化的电磁计算至关重要。Maxwell - 3-D和Emphasis/Nevada可用于模拟关键加速器元件(如气体开关和复杂导电结构)上随时间变化的电磁效应。利用三维的E&M PIC代码(如Quicksilver),我们可以模拟真空绝缘子堆、磁绝缘真空传输线(MITLs)和真空线圈的性能。关键问题包括真空电子流,电子损失,和涡旋磁场零。我们给出了使用这些工具在最先进的脉冲功率设计上进行实际计算的例子
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引用次数: 0
Developmeno f Compact Pulsed Power for thet Dielectric Wall Accelerator (DWA) 介质壁加速器(DWA)紧凑脉冲功率的研制
Pub Date : 2006-05-14 DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365271
S. Sampayan, G. Caporaso, Y. Chen, G. Guethlein, J. Harris, S. Hawkins, C. Holmes, M. Krogh, S. Nelson, W. Nunnally, B. Poole, M. Rhodes, D. Sanders, K. Slenes, J. Sullivan, L. Wang, J. Watson
We are developing compact pulsed power systems for various defense missions. Although the system is primarily intended for pulsed radiography, its modularity makes it well suited for compact neutron sources for explosives detection and as an HPM driver for various DOD missions. To date, we have performed extensive research at the component level and are now pursuing the integration of the technology into a single accelerator cell. Cost is <$0.50/volt. As part of this effort, we are also pursuing advanced development of high specific energy dielectrics (>10J/cm3), specialized transmission line designs, HGI insulator technology, multi-gap low jitter (<1 ns) switches, and high voltage SiC photoconductive switching. We detail the progress of our overall research to date, recent high voltage test results, and the integration concept into a compact accelerator cell
我们正在为各种国防任务开发紧凑型脉冲电源系统。虽然该系统主要用于脉冲射线照相,但其模块化使其非常适合用于爆炸物探测的紧凑型中子源,并作为各种国防部任务的HPM驱动器。到目前为止,我们已经在组件层面进行了广泛的研究,现在正在寻求将该技术集成到单个加速器单元中。成本为10J/cm3),专业的传输线设计,HGI绝缘体技术,多间隙低抖动(< 1ns)开关,高压SiC光导开关。我们详细介绍了迄今为止我们的整体研究进展,最近的高压测试结果,以及将概念集成到紧凑的加速器电池中
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium
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