Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365300
C.S. Pinkston, T. Engel
The piezoelectric generator of this investigation provides a method to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. A pulse conditioning stage is also included in the generator. Although the energy density of the generator is not extremely high in comparison to batteries, its durability, compactness, and long shelf-life are advantageous in certain applications. The piezoelectric generator consists of commercially available piezoelectric elements arranged in a stack and electrically connected in parallel. A steel mass is dropped on the piezoelectric stack and serves as a source of mechanical energy. The piezoelectric generator is, at most, 50% efficient due to its internal capacitance. In this investigation, the piezoelectric generator has a 0.15 muF internal capacitance. The piezoelectric generator is connected to an external 0.1 muF capacitor through a rectifier diode. The external capacitor is used as an intermediate energy storage, or pulse- conditioning stage. Results show the piezoelectric generator produces 0.3 J of energy which is higher than generators of previous studies. The maximum energy storage time was not measured in this investigation but is limited by the dissipation of the external capacitor. Peak mechanical forces of approximately 18 kN were measured along with maximum generator voltages of 1.4 kV.
{"title":"Maximum Charge Generation in a Piezoelectric Generator","authors":"C.S. Pinkston, T. Engel","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365300","url":null,"abstract":"The piezoelectric generator of this investigation provides a method to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. A pulse conditioning stage is also included in the generator. Although the energy density of the generator is not extremely high in comparison to batteries, its durability, compactness, and long shelf-life are advantageous in certain applications. The piezoelectric generator consists of commercially available piezoelectric elements arranged in a stack and electrically connected in parallel. A steel mass is dropped on the piezoelectric stack and serves as a source of mechanical energy. The piezoelectric generator is, at most, 50% efficient due to its internal capacitance. In this investigation, the piezoelectric generator has a 0.15 muF internal capacitance. The piezoelectric generator is connected to an external 0.1 muF capacitor through a rectifier diode. The external capacitor is used as an intermediate energy storage, or pulse- conditioning stage. Results show the piezoelectric generator produces 0.3 J of energy which is higher than generators of previous studies. The maximum energy storage time was not measured in this investigation but is limited by the dissipation of the external capacitor. Peak mechanical forces of approximately 18 kN were measured along with maximum generator voltages of 1.4 kV.","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365262
M. Domonkos
Stacked Blumlein lines with solid dielectric potentially offer a compact pulsed power system for a variety of applications by combining the energy storage, voltage scaling, and pulse forming functions into a single device. By stacking the lines physically, not simply electrically, the line is made more compact because adjacent lines share electrodes. This design does not lend itself to the use of a single switch to commutate the stacked line, and multiple switches are far simpler to implement. The switch jitter and electrical characteristics strongly influence the performance of the line and the stresses on the dielectric. This paper explores the effects of switch jitter, inductance, the resistive decay during closure, and the closed-state resistance on the output pulse and dielectric stresses for stacked Blumlein lines using SPICE simulations. The impact of switch operation on the necessary dielectric strength and the quality of pulse is presented. The suitability of various switch technologies to meet the performance requirements is also discussed.
{"title":"Switching Requirements for Stacked Blumleins Commutated by Individual Switches","authors":"M. Domonkos","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365262","url":null,"abstract":"Stacked Blumlein lines with solid dielectric potentially offer a compact pulsed power system for a variety of applications by combining the energy storage, voltage scaling, and pulse forming functions into a single device. By stacking the lines physically, not simply electrically, the line is made more compact because adjacent lines share electrodes. This design does not lend itself to the use of a single switch to commutate the stacked line, and multiple switches are far simpler to implement. The switch jitter and electrical characteristics strongly influence the performance of the line and the stresses on the dielectric. This paper explores the effects of switch jitter, inductance, the resistive decay during closure, and the closed-state resistance on the output pulse and dielectric stresses for stacked Blumlein lines using SPICE simulations. The impact of switch operation on the necessary dielectric strength and the quality of pulse is presented. The suitability of various switch technologies to meet the performance requirements is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126247256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365242
Soung-soo Park, Sang Hee Kim, Sung Chul Kim, Yeung-Jin Han, J. Huang, Jin Huk Choi, S. Nam
The klystron-modulator (K&M) system of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) has been supplying high power microwaves for the acceleration of 2.5 GeV electron beams since October 2002. There are 12 sets of K&M systems to accelerate electron beams to 2.5 GeV nominal beam energy. One module of the K&M system consists of an 80 MW S-band (2856 MHz) klystron tube and the matching 200 MW modulator. The matching modulators of 200-MW (400 kV, 500 A) can provide a flattop pulse width of 4.4 infinsec with a maximum pulse repetition rate of 120-Hz at the full power level. The total accumulated high-voltage run-time of the oldest unit among 12 units has reached nearly 88,000 hours as of Dec. 2005, and the summation of all the units high voltage run-time is approximately 970,000 hours. The overall system availability is well over 95%. There have been continuous efforts to improve the klystron-modulator system and make it more stable and reliable. In order to obtain low electron beam energy fluctuation, the pulse-to-pulse beam voltage regulation is required to be less than +/- 0.5 %. In a conventional resonant charging pulse modulator, the regulation is usually achieved by using a de-Q'ing circuit. In this paper, we are able to review overall system performance of the high-power K&M system and the operational characteristics of the klystrons and thyratrons, and overall system's availability analysis from Jan. to Dec. 2005
{"title":"Operational Status and Stability Improvement of Klystron-Modulator System for PAL 2.5-GeV Electron Linac","authors":"Soung-soo Park, Sang Hee Kim, Sung Chul Kim, Yeung-Jin Han, J. Huang, Jin Huk Choi, S. Nam","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365242","url":null,"abstract":"The klystron-modulator (K&M) system of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) has been supplying high power microwaves for the acceleration of 2.5 GeV electron beams since October 2002. There are 12 sets of K&M systems to accelerate electron beams to 2.5 GeV nominal beam energy. One module of the K&M system consists of an 80 MW S-band (2856 MHz) klystron tube and the matching 200 MW modulator. The matching modulators of 200-MW (400 kV, 500 A) can provide a flattop pulse width of 4.4 infinsec with a maximum pulse repetition rate of 120-Hz at the full power level. The total accumulated high-voltage run-time of the oldest unit among 12 units has reached nearly 88,000 hours as of Dec. 2005, and the summation of all the units high voltage run-time is approximately 970,000 hours. The overall system availability is well over 95%. There have been continuous efforts to improve the klystron-modulator system and make it more stable and reliable. In order to obtain low electron beam energy fluctuation, the pulse-to-pulse beam voltage regulation is required to be less than +/- 0.5 %. In a conventional resonant charging pulse modulator, the regulation is usually achieved by using a de-Q'ing circuit. In this paper, we are able to review overall system performance of the high-power K&M system and the operational characteristics of the klystrons and thyratrons, and overall system's availability analysis from Jan. to Dec. 2005","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122012624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365317
W. Hartmanm, M. Romheld, A. Donner
Magnetoforming or tube or sheet metal parts can significantly extend the range of geometries conceivable with state-of-the-art forming methods. A major advantage is the considerably higher forming speed of the process achievable by using a magnetic piston without inertia. A suitable high-current high energy pulse generator for electromagnetic forming of large area sheet metal has been developed and taken into operation. Design criteria were reliability and inherent safety for all possible load cases, including short circuits and short-circuiting loads during operation, at nominal peak currents up to 200 kA and peak pulse energies of up to 100 kJ. In order to comply with the safety requirements, an all-solid-state design has been chosen using high power semiconductor switches for pulse forming instead of Ignitrons or spark gaps. Due to constraints concerning space and manageability, the coupling between the load and the pulse forming unit is achieved via a semi-rigid bundle of high voltage cables, allowing an adjustment of the carrier of the forming coil while being electrically connected to the pulse generator. We report on the deployment of the pulse generator for anticipated peak currents of 50 kA to up to 200 kA at a pulse width of typically around 100 mus, depending on the load parameters. In order to meet lifetime requirements suitable for industrial applications, the short circuit handling capability of peak currents of up to 450 kA is a major issue in the pulse generator design. A modular, 3-branch design of parallel capacitor banks has been adopted and is shown to be suitable to achieve the requirements concerning reliability, lifetime, and short circuit handling. The prototype pulse generator is based upon off-the-shelf devices, including high-current semiconductor switches. First operating results of the commissioning phase of the installation are reported
{"title":"A 100 kJ Pulse Unit for Electromagnetic Forming of Large Area Sheet Metals","authors":"W. Hartmanm, M. Romheld, A. Donner","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365317","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetoforming or tube or sheet metal parts can significantly extend the range of geometries conceivable with state-of-the-art forming methods. A major advantage is the considerably higher forming speed of the process achievable by using a magnetic piston without inertia. A suitable high-current high energy pulse generator for electromagnetic forming of large area sheet metal has been developed and taken into operation. Design criteria were reliability and inherent safety for all possible load cases, including short circuits and short-circuiting loads during operation, at nominal peak currents up to 200 kA and peak pulse energies of up to 100 kJ. In order to comply with the safety requirements, an all-solid-state design has been chosen using high power semiconductor switches for pulse forming instead of Ignitrons or spark gaps. Due to constraints concerning space and manageability, the coupling between the load and the pulse forming unit is achieved via a semi-rigid bundle of high voltage cables, allowing an adjustment of the carrier of the forming coil while being electrically connected to the pulse generator. We report on the deployment of the pulse generator for anticipated peak currents of 50 kA to up to 200 kA at a pulse width of typically around 100 mus, depending on the load parameters. In order to meet lifetime requirements suitable for industrial applications, the short circuit handling capability of peak currents of up to 450 kA is a major issue in the pulse generator design. A modular, 3-branch design of parallel capacitor banks has been adopted and is shown to be suitable to achieve the requirements concerning reliability, lifetime, and short circuit handling. The prototype pulse generator is based upon off-the-shelf devices, including high-current semiconductor switches. First operating results of the commissioning phase of the installation are reported","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125150913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365291
N. Nomura, S. Abe, I. Uchida, K. Abe, H. Koga, S. Katsuki, T. Namihira, H. Akiyama, H. Takano, S. Abe
This paper describes the effect of intense burst RF electric fields (IBRFFs) on DNA in living mammalian cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were placed between two parallel plane electrodes and exposed to the IBRFF with a MHz range frequency and an electric field strength of a couple of kV/cm. The IBRFF duration was fixed to 100 ps, which was sufficiently short so as to not raise the temperature of suspension media of the cell due to Joule heating. A single cell electrophoresis analysis, comet assay method, was employed to investigate the reaction of the intracellular DNA to the lBRFF. The experiment shows the MHz range and 2kV/cm IBRFF physically introduces the fragmentation to intracellular DNA
{"title":"Direct Deformation of DNA Using Intense Burst RF Electric Field","authors":"N. Nomura, S. Abe, I. Uchida, K. Abe, H. Koga, S. Katsuki, T. Namihira, H. Akiyama, H. Takano, S. Abe","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365291","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the effect of intense burst RF electric fields (IBRFFs) on DNA in living mammalian cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were placed between two parallel plane electrodes and exposed to the IBRFF with a MHz range frequency and an electric field strength of a couple of kV/cm. The IBRFF duration was fixed to 100 ps, which was sufficiently short so as to not raise the temperature of suspension media of the cell due to Joule heating. A single cell electrophoresis analysis, comet assay method, was employed to investigate the reaction of the intracellular DNA to the lBRFF. The experiment shows the MHz range and 2kV/cm IBRFF physically introduces the fragmentation to intracellular DNA","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121691956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365185
Jian Li, S. Grzybowski, Lijun Yang, R. Liao
This paper presents a group of partial discharge (PD) statistical parameters for recognizing the aging degree of oil-immersed-paper insulation. These parameters are extracted by performing factor analysis on the well-known statistical operators and Weibull parameters of 2-dimensional PD statistical distributions, which consist of the PD magnitude, pulse count, and pulse phase angle. An experimental oil-immersed-paper insulation model is designed for accelerated electrical-thermal aging experiments. PD sample data is measured during the experiment for one group of specimens, while the degree of polymerization is measured for another group of specimens. The newly extracted statistical parameters of PD statistical graphs, which are constructed with PD sample data at six different aging stages, are used for aging degree recognition along with the Fisher linear discrimination equation
{"title":"Statistical Parameters of Partial Discharge Used to Recognize Aged Oil-Paper Insulation","authors":"Jian Li, S. Grzybowski, Lijun Yang, R. Liao","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365185","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a group of partial discharge (PD) statistical parameters for recognizing the aging degree of oil-immersed-paper insulation. These parameters are extracted by performing factor analysis on the well-known statistical operators and Weibull parameters of 2-dimensional PD statistical distributions, which consist of the PD magnitude, pulse count, and pulse phase angle. An experimental oil-immersed-paper insulation model is designed for accelerated electrical-thermal aging experiments. PD sample data is measured during the experiment for one group of specimens, while the degree of polymerization is measured for another group of specimens. The newly extracted statistical parameters of PD statistical graphs, which are constructed with PD sample data at six different aging stages, are used for aging degree recognition along with the Fisher linear discrimination equation","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123830063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365218
C. Strowitzki, M. Baumann, P. Zacharias
The design of solid state pulsed power modules for excimer lasers have been long-established over many years. The primary switch is normally a high power IGBT, a step up transformer, and two or three pulse compression stages. To overcome the problems of resetting and cooling of the pulse compressions stages, a novel design for a pulsed power module with extremely high repetition rates (10 kHz) and low energy (2 mJ) is proposed. The pump energy for the laser tube is switched by a stack of semiconductor switches without step up transformer or pulse compression. The principal design, simulation results, and first measurements are shown
{"title":"A Novel Solid State Pulsed Power Module for Excimer aser","authors":"C. Strowitzki, M. Baumann, P. Zacharias","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365218","url":null,"abstract":"The design of solid state pulsed power modules for excimer lasers have been long-established over many years. The primary switch is normally a high power IGBT, a step up transformer, and two or three pulse compression stages. To overcome the problems of resetting and cooling of the pulse compressions stages, a novel design for a pulsed power module with extremely high repetition rates (10 kHz) and low energy (2 mJ) is proposed. The pump energy for the laser tube is switched by a stack of semiconductor switches without step up transformer or pulse compression. The principal design, simulation results, and first measurements are shown","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126460136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365210
K. Morales, J. Krile, A. Neuber, H. Krompholz, J. Dickens
Dielectric surface flashover along insulators in vacuum has been comprehensively researched over the years. However, the primary mechanisms involved in dielectric flashover at atmospheric pressures have yet to be as extensively analyzed with variable parameters such as electrode geometry, background gas, humidity, and temporal characteristics of the applied voltage. Understanding the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in surface flashover at atmospheric pressures is vital to characterizing and modeling the arc behavior. Previous DC and unipolar excitation experiments have shown distinct arc behavior in air and nitrogen environments for an electrode geometry that produces electric field lines that curve above the dielectric surface. Specifically, flashover arcs in an air environment were observed to develop along the dielectric surface. Experiments conducted in nitrogen revealed that the arc developed along the electric field lines, above the surface of the dielectric. It was also of importance to alter the temporal characteristics of the applied voltage to simulate lightning situations and investigate the impact on the arc behavior and voltage delay times. A solid state high voltage pulser with an adjustable pulse width of ~500 ns at FWHM and amplitudes in excess of 30 kV was specifically developed to replicate the temporal characteristics of a voltage pulse observed when a building structure is hit by a lightning strike. Based on these results, the physical mechanisms primarily involved in pulsed unipolar surface flashover will be discussed. Additional studies regarding the effects of humidity and surface roughness on the flashover arc behavior will also be presented
{"title":"Pulsed Unipolar Surface Flashover at Atmospheric Conditions","authors":"K. Morales, J. Krile, A. Neuber, H. Krompholz, J. Dickens","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365210","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric surface flashover along insulators in vacuum has been comprehensively researched over the years. However, the primary mechanisms involved in dielectric flashover at atmospheric pressures have yet to be as extensively analyzed with variable parameters such as electrode geometry, background gas, humidity, and temporal characteristics of the applied voltage. Understanding the fundamental physical mechanisms involved in surface flashover at atmospheric pressures is vital to characterizing and modeling the arc behavior. Previous DC and unipolar excitation experiments have shown distinct arc behavior in air and nitrogen environments for an electrode geometry that produces electric field lines that curve above the dielectric surface. Specifically, flashover arcs in an air environment were observed to develop along the dielectric surface. Experiments conducted in nitrogen revealed that the arc developed along the electric field lines, above the surface of the dielectric. It was also of importance to alter the temporal characteristics of the applied voltage to simulate lightning situations and investigate the impact on the arc behavior and voltage delay times. A solid state high voltage pulser with an adjustable pulse width of ~500 ns at FWHM and amplitudes in excess of 30 kV was specifically developed to replicate the temporal characteristics of a voltage pulse observed when a building structure is hit by a lightning strike. Based on these results, the physical mechanisms primarily involved in pulsed unipolar surface flashover will be discussed. Additional studies regarding the effects of humidity and surface roughness on the flashover arc behavior will also be presented","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125516107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365214
S. Glover, F. Zutavern, K. Reed, M. Swalby, A. Mar, M. L. Horry, F. White, F. Gruner
This paper reports on progress in the development of fiber optically triggered photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) for triggering high voltage pulsed power switches with improved precision. This technology can eliminate the need for large-diameter trigger cables and line-of-sight optics. It also has the potential of significantly reducing the cost of trigger generation systems. It has the potential to improve the performance of prime power switches, diverters, and diagnostics because of the low-jitter sub-nanosecond rise times. Test results will be presented that demonstrate sub-nanosecond jitter from a PCSS, less than 1.2 nanoseconds of jitter from a commercial trigatron switch triggered by PCSS, and the performance analysis of a 200 kV class switch triggered by a PCSS based triggering system. This work is a step toward the creation of a reliable self-contained PCSS-based trigger generator that can be physically located on a high voltage switch, allowing the triggering hardware to float. The only connection to the trigger system will be a low energy optical fiber, thereby eliminating the need for HV cables traversing high potential fields or for line-of-sight-optics
{"title":"Fiber-Optic Controlled PCSS Triggers For High Voltage Pulsed Power Switches","authors":"S. Glover, F. Zutavern, K. Reed, M. Swalby, A. Mar, M. L. Horry, F. White, F. Gruner","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on progress in the development of fiber optically triggered photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSS) for triggering high voltage pulsed power switches with improved precision. This technology can eliminate the need for large-diameter trigger cables and line-of-sight optics. It also has the potential of significantly reducing the cost of trigger generation systems. It has the potential to improve the performance of prime power switches, diverters, and diagnostics because of the low-jitter sub-nanosecond rise times. Test results will be presented that demonstrate sub-nanosecond jitter from a PCSS, less than 1.2 nanoseconds of jitter from a commercial trigatron switch triggered by PCSS, and the performance analysis of a 200 kV class switch triggered by a PCSS based triggering system. This work is a step toward the creation of a reliable self-contained PCSS-based trigger generator that can be physically located on a high voltage switch, allowing the triggering hardware to float. The only connection to the trigger system will be a low energy optical fiber, thereby eliminating the need for HV cables traversing high potential fields or for line-of-sight-optics","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"25 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128303551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365255
W. Hartmann, M. Romheld, K. Rohde
Pulsed corona plasma (PCP) reactors of wire-plate design offer novel solutions to problems concerning environmental issues and in a number of industrial processes. Emerging applications include indoor air sterilization and odor removal in air conditioning systems, chemical synthesis in non-thermal plasmas, and plasma reforming of gaseous fuels. We previously reported on experimental investigations of a laboratory sized, wire-plate plasma reactor for pulsed corona treatment of gas flows. Operation with gas flow, at pulse repetition frequencies of between 10 pps and 200 pps, has been achieved at pulse voltage amplitudes of between 10 and >30 kV, at pulse durations of around 0.3 mus (FWHM). High efficiencies of up to 70 g/kWh have been reported using an all-solid-state pulse generator. In this work, we report on the optimization of an all-solid-state power modulator for use with nonlinear loads like pulse corona plasmas. The pulse generator is based on a fast thyristor switch (IGCT) discharging a pulse capacitor, a pulse step-up transformer, and a single-stage magnetic pulse compression. At pulse repetition rates of up to 200 pps, amplitudes of >30 kV into a resistive-capacitive load (1 kohms/200 pF) have been achieved, at risetimes of about 80 ns and a pulse width of 0.3 mus. The pulse generator is insensitive to load variations, in particular to sparking in the reactor. The modulator and its performance concerning experimental results will be described in detail when driving a pulsed corona reactor
{"title":"All-Solid-State Power Modulator for Pulsed Corona Plasma Reactors","authors":"W. Hartmann, M. Romheld, K. Rohde","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365255","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsed corona plasma (PCP) reactors of wire-plate design offer novel solutions to problems concerning environmental issues and in a number of industrial processes. Emerging applications include indoor air sterilization and odor removal in air conditioning systems, chemical synthesis in non-thermal plasmas, and plasma reforming of gaseous fuels. We previously reported on experimental investigations of a laboratory sized, wire-plate plasma reactor for pulsed corona treatment of gas flows. Operation with gas flow, at pulse repetition frequencies of between 10 pps and 200 pps, has been achieved at pulse voltage amplitudes of between 10 and >30 kV, at pulse durations of around 0.3 mus (FWHM). High efficiencies of up to 70 g/kWh have been reported using an all-solid-state pulse generator. In this work, we report on the optimization of an all-solid-state power modulator for use with nonlinear loads like pulse corona plasmas. The pulse generator is based on a fast thyristor switch (IGCT) discharging a pulse capacitor, a pulse step-up transformer, and a single-stage magnetic pulse compression. At pulse repetition rates of up to 200 pps, amplitudes of >30 kV into a resistive-capacitive load (1 kohms/200 pF) have been achieved, at risetimes of about 80 ns and a pulse width of 0.3 mus. The pulse generator is insensitive to load variations, in particular to sparking in the reactor. The modulator and its performance concerning experimental results will be described in detail when driving a pulsed corona reactor","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130575429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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