Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365229
A. Griffin
Thyristors are a semiconductor closing switch with inherent low forward voltage drop and high voltage blocking capability. Typically, these devices are turned on with a current pulse to a gate electrode or by a localized light pulse. Both of these methods limit the rate-of-rise of current (dl/dt), especially for high voltage devices. Increasing the gate area results in an increased dl/dt but at the expense of a reduction in the current carrying area. With the advance of light triggering using "leaky" fibers, quasi-uniform illumination of a thyristor can now be realized resulting in high dl/dt for high voltage (>10 kV) devices. The large area illumination is accomplished using fiber-coupled diode laser bars. Examples of test circuits and their corresponding current waveforms are shown using large area illumination thyristors (~100 kA, ~lMA2-sec).
{"title":"Advances in Photon Triggered Thyristors for High Current Applications","authors":"A. Griffin","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365229","url":null,"abstract":"Thyristors are a semiconductor closing switch with inherent low forward voltage drop and high voltage blocking capability. Typically, these devices are turned on with a current pulse to a gate electrode or by a localized light pulse. Both of these methods limit the rate-of-rise of current (dl/dt), especially for high voltage devices. Increasing the gate area results in an increased dl/dt but at the expense of a reduction in the current carrying area. With the advance of light triggering using \"leaky\" fibers, quasi-uniform illumination of a thyristor can now be realized resulting in high dl/dt for high voltage (>10 kV) devices. The large area illumination is accomplished using fiber-coupled diode laser bars. Examples of test circuits and their corresponding current waveforms are shown using large area illumination thyristors (~100 kA, ~lMA2-sec).","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123167411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365314
J. Kolb, W. Frey, J.A. White, S. Beebe, R. Joshi, K. Schoenbach
In order to study membrane charging in mammalian cells during exposure to pulsed electric fields of 60 ns duration we measured transmembrane voltage changes during and after exposure in real-time, i.e. with a resolution that is short compared to the duration of the administered electrical pulse. The applied electric field was varied between 5 kV/cm and 90 kV/cm. Under all conditions the voltage at the hyperpolarized pole of the cell is changing by more than 1 V during the first 5 ns of the exposure. A further hyperpolarization of the membrane of up to 1.6 V depends on the strength of the applied field. A change of at least 1.4 V at the anode will cause pores to open and allow ion exchange. Immediately after this maximum is reached, potential differences start to readjust. In principle, voltages at the depolarized pole follow the same pattern. However, the change is, in general lower by 1 V, limiting the depolarization to a maximum of 0.6 V
为了研究哺乳动物细胞在暴露于持续60 ns的脉冲电场时的膜充电，我们实时测量了暴露期间和暴露后的跨膜电压变化，即与所给电脉冲的持续时间相比，分辨率较短。外加电场在5kv /cm ~ 90kv /cm之间变化。在所有条件下，在曝光的前5ns，电池超极化极的电压变化大于1v。薄膜的进一步超极化可达1.6 V，这取决于外加电场的强度。阳极处至少1.4 V的变化将导致孔打开并允许离子交换。在达到这个最大值后，电位差立即开始重新调整。原则上，去极化极处的电压遵循相同的模式。然而，这种变化通常要低1 V，这就限制了去极化的最大值为0.6 V
{"title":"Cell Membrane Charging in Intense Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields","authors":"J. Kolb, W. Frey, J.A. White, S. Beebe, R. Joshi, K. Schoenbach","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365314","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study membrane charging in mammalian cells during exposure to pulsed electric fields of 60 ns duration we measured transmembrane voltage changes during and after exposure in real-time, i.e. with a resolution that is short compared to the duration of the administered electrical pulse. The applied electric field was varied between 5 kV/cm and 90 kV/cm. Under all conditions the voltage at the hyperpolarized pole of the cell is changing by more than 1 V during the first 5 ns of the exposure. A further hyperpolarization of the membrane of up to 1.6 V depends on the strength of the applied field. A change of at least 1.4 V at the anode will cause pores to open and allow ion exchange. Immediately after this maximum is reached, potential differences start to readjust. In principle, voltages at the depolarized pole follow the same pattern. However, the change is, in general lower by 1 V, limiting the depolarization to a maximum of 0.6 V","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127829598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365232
M. Barnes, T. Fowler, K. Metzmacher, L. Sermeus
A five-turn continuous extraction system is currently used to transfer the proton beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The present approach, which is based on cutting the filament beam into 5 slices using an electrostatic septum, causes inherent losses of about 15% of the extracted beam and non optimal betatronic matching for the different slices in the receiving machine. This will be an even more serious drawback when the beam intensity needs to be increased for the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) facility. To overcome this, a novel multi-turn extraction (MTE) scheme has been proposed, where the beam is separated, prior to extraction, into a central beam core and four islands by means of elements such as sextupoles and octupoles. Each beamlet is ejected using fast kickers and a magnetic septum. For the MTE kickers, two new pulse generators are required, each containing a lumped element Pulse Forming Network (PFN) of 12.5 Omega, 80 kV and 10.5 mus. For cost reasons, it is envisaged to re-use existing 15 Omega transmission line kicker magnets. The PFN characteristic impedance deliberately mismatches that of the magnets to allow a higher maximum available kick. The PFN design has been optimized such that undesirable side-effects of the impedance mismatch, on kick rise-time and flat-top, remain within acceptable limits. The conceptual design for the MTE PFN is presented.
{"title":"Pulse Forming Network Conceptual Design for the Proposed PS Multi-Turn Extraction System","authors":"M. Barnes, T. Fowler, K. Metzmacher, L. Sermeus","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365232","url":null,"abstract":"A five-turn continuous extraction system is currently used to transfer the proton beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The present approach, which is based on cutting the filament beam into 5 slices using an electrostatic septum, causes inherent losses of about 15% of the extracted beam and non optimal betatronic matching for the different slices in the receiving machine. This will be an even more serious drawback when the beam intensity needs to be increased for the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) facility. To overcome this, a novel multi-turn extraction (MTE) scheme has been proposed, where the beam is separated, prior to extraction, into a central beam core and four islands by means of elements such as sextupoles and octupoles. Each beamlet is ejected using fast kickers and a magnetic septum. For the MTE kickers, two new pulse generators are required, each containing a lumped element Pulse Forming Network (PFN) of 12.5 Omega, 80 kV and 10.5 mus. For cost reasons, it is envisaged to re-use existing 15 Omega transmission line kicker magnets. The PFN characteristic impedance deliberately mismatches that of the magnets to allow a higher maximum available kick. The PFN design has been optimized such that undesirable side-effects of the impedance mismatch, on kick rise-time and flat-top, remain within acceptable limits. The conceptual design for the MTE PFN is presented.","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115540223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365176
H. Kirkici
Electrical insulation research and development for space power systems have been continuing progressively for manned and unmanned space and aerospace vehicles. Initial studies and test evaluations started in the 1950s and have been continuing with the evolving state of high voltage systems and their increasing use in space programs. In the early days of the space program, electrical systems were largely based on the 28 volt standard. As systems grew larger and more complex, the introduction of high voltage components and systems led to design issues involving electrical breakdown. As experience accumulated within industry and government, attempts were made to capture it with various design guidelines. One such effort, the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), began the development of a suitable guidelines document in the early 1970's. Originally issued as 50 M05189b, October 1972, it was upgraded to a MSFC standard and reissued as MSFC-STD-531 in September 1978. By the late 1990s it was clear that STD-531 needed considerable revision to capture experience gained in the two decades since its issue. This document has served as the basis for several derived works that became focused, program-specific HV guidelines previously. This paper is an overview of space environments, space environmental effects/interactions, and high-voltage electrical/electronic design techniques required to specify and apply electrical insulation to spacecraft high-voltage parts, components and systems
{"title":"High Voltage Insulation Space Environment and Design Guideline","authors":"H. Kirkici","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365176","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical insulation research and development for space power systems have been continuing progressively for manned and unmanned space and aerospace vehicles. Initial studies and test evaluations started in the 1950s and have been continuing with the evolving state of high voltage systems and their increasing use in space programs. In the early days of the space program, electrical systems were largely based on the 28 volt standard. As systems grew larger and more complex, the introduction of high voltage components and systems led to design issues involving electrical breakdown. As experience accumulated within industry and government, attempts were made to capture it with various design guidelines. One such effort, the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), began the development of a suitable guidelines document in the early 1970's. Originally issued as 50 M05189b, October 1972, it was upgraded to a MSFC standard and reissued as MSFC-STD-531 in September 1978. By the late 1990s it was clear that STD-531 needed considerable revision to capture experience gained in the two decades since its issue. This document has served as the basis for several derived works that became focused, program-specific HV guidelines previously. This paper is an overview of space environments, space environmental effects/interactions, and high-voltage electrical/electronic design techniques required to specify and apply electrical insulation to spacecraft high-voltage parts, components and systems","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115564812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365295
T. Gowrishankar, A. Esser, K. Smith, J. Weaver
We have developed an in silico framework that integrates macro- and microdosimetry models, and incorporates biophysical mechanism models to estimate biochemical change resulting from exposure to nanosecond electrical pulses. This approach provides estimates of conductance changes and biochemical release/uptake within cells, local tissue regions and organs
{"title":"In Silico Assessment of Nanosecond Pulse Exposures of Cells, Tissues and Organs","authors":"T. Gowrishankar, A. Esser, K. Smith, J. Weaver","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365295","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed an in silico framework that integrates macro- and microdosimetry models, and incorporates biophysical mechanism models to estimate biochemical change resulting from exposure to nanosecond electrical pulses. This approach provides estimates of conductance changes and biochemical release/uptake within cells, local tissue regions and organs","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124402610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365213
J. Horwath, D. Schweickart, G. García, D. Klosterman, M. Galaska, A. Schrand, L. Walko
Nanometer-sized inorganic fillers are increasingly used as reinforcing materials for mechanical or thermal property improvement of polymers. Improvements in mechanical modulus or heat deflection temperature are often realized. These fillers may also improve some electrical properties such as corona endurance or dielectric breakdown voltage in polymers. In compact high voltage power supplies, epoxy resins are often the potting material of choice in manufacturing processes. This is often true for applications requiring a robust or position-insensitive insulation system design, such as mobile communications equipment or aerospace flight vehicles. Nanometer-sized inorganic fillers in epoxy resins can result in improved mechanical and electrical performance, without affecting the processes for component manufacturing. In our previous work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was selected as the nanometer-sized inorganic filler of interest. POSS-filled epoxies showed a five times improvement in ac corona lifetime for selected POSS-epoxy blends compared to unloaded epoxy. In the current study, the average dielectric breakdown voltage of POSS-filled epoxy was increased thirty-four percent compared to unloaded epoxy. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion of the POSS filler down to a level of 10-100 nm. Dispersion uniformity appears to be a critical parameter in obtaining the desired property enhancements.
{"title":"Improved Electrical Properties of Epoxy Resin with Nanometer-Sized Inorganic Fillers","authors":"J. Horwath, D. Schweickart, G. García, D. Klosterman, M. Galaska, A. Schrand, L. Walko","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365213","url":null,"abstract":"Nanometer-sized inorganic fillers are increasingly used as reinforcing materials for mechanical or thermal property improvement of polymers. Improvements in mechanical modulus or heat deflection temperature are often realized. These fillers may also improve some electrical properties such as corona endurance or dielectric breakdown voltage in polymers. In compact high voltage power supplies, epoxy resins are often the potting material of choice in manufacturing processes. This is often true for applications requiring a robust or position-insensitive insulation system design, such as mobile communications equipment or aerospace flight vehicles. Nanometer-sized inorganic fillers in epoxy resins can result in improved mechanical and electrical performance, without affecting the processes for component manufacturing. In our previous work, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was selected as the nanometer-sized inorganic filler of interest. POSS-filled epoxies showed a five times improvement in ac corona lifetime for selected POSS-epoxy blends compared to unloaded epoxy. In the current study, the average dielectric breakdown voltage of POSS-filled epoxy was increased thirty-four percent compared to unloaded epoxy. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion of the POSS filler down to a level of 10-100 nm. Dispersion uniformity appears to be a critical parameter in obtaining the desired property enhancements.","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129486332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365180
C. Xu, J. Ho, S. Boggs
Polymeric dielectrics have two electric field "thresholds", the first where conduction goes from linear to nonlinear, which is typically in the range of 10 V/m, and the second where carriers attain high mobility, which is typically in the range of 3times10 V/m. The latter is of great importance, as under the action of a cyclic field, the dielectric will degrade rapidly as a result of hot electrons, UV photons, etc. This paper will review important high field phenomena in dielectrics along with the methods used to measure and compute them
{"title":"Computation and Measurement of High Field Phenomena in Dielectrics","authors":"C. Xu, J. Ho, S. Boggs","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365180","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric dielectrics have two electric field \"thresholds\", the first where conduction goes from linear to nonlinear, which is typically in the range of 10 V/m, and the second where carriers attain high mobility, which is typically in the range of 3times10 V/m. The latter is of great importance, as under the action of a cyclic field, the dielectric will degrade rapidly as a result of hot electrons, UV photons, etc. This paper will review important high field phenomena in dielectrics along with the methods used to measure and compute them","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129531155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365318
D. Bliss, D. Bloomquist, H. Harjes, J. Lehr, F. Long, J. Maenchen, D. Mcdaniel, G. Mckee, M. Savage, D.L. Smith, K. Struve, J. W. Weed, E. Weinbrecht, J. Woodworth, D.L. Johnson, J. Corley
The largest X-ray generating facility in the world (~1.8 MJ), the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), is presently undergoing a major upgrade. Upon completion of its refurbishment, ZR is expected to deliver an output current of 26 MA to a standard 20 mm by 40 mm diameter Z-pinch load with a 100-ns implosion time. In addition to nearly doubling the output energy and providing a useful increase in current capability to the research community, the Project criteria include providing an enhanced precision, improved timing jitter, and advanced pulse shaping flexibility needed for full parameter space assessment for the material science community. Another criteria is to increase the shot capacity by enabling the facility and diagnostics infrastructure to routinely support 400 shots per year while minimizing the impact of implementing improvements on existing experimental programs. The Project's objective of extending the life of Z in a balanced way also served to exercise SNL's pulsed power research and engineering capabilities and resources and retain the expertise that will be required for future endeavors. This paper summarizes the predicted pulsed power performance of the 36-module ZR from the 577-kJ (at 85-kV charge) Marx generators in the oil energy storage section through the water pulse forming section components and the vacuum section to the Z-pinch load. Comparisons show good agreement between the most recent models and experimental results from full-scale, single module systems which are very similar to the final design. Discussions will emphasize the laser triggered gas switches and the self-break water switches which are continuing to be optimized
{"title":"The ZR Final Design Pulsed Power Performance Expectations","authors":"D. Bliss, D. Bloomquist, H. Harjes, J. Lehr, F. Long, J. Maenchen, D. Mcdaniel, G. Mckee, M. Savage, D.L. Smith, K. Struve, J. W. Weed, E. Weinbrecht, J. Woodworth, D.L. Johnson, J. Corley","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365318","url":null,"abstract":"The largest X-ray generating facility in the world (~1.8 MJ), the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), is presently undergoing a major upgrade. Upon completion of its refurbishment, ZR is expected to deliver an output current of 26 MA to a standard 20 mm by 40 mm diameter Z-pinch load with a 100-ns implosion time. In addition to nearly doubling the output energy and providing a useful increase in current capability to the research community, the Project criteria include providing an enhanced precision, improved timing jitter, and advanced pulse shaping flexibility needed for full parameter space assessment for the material science community. Another criteria is to increase the shot capacity by enabling the facility and diagnostics infrastructure to routinely support 400 shots per year while minimizing the impact of implementing improvements on existing experimental programs. The Project's objective of extending the life of Z in a balanced way also served to exercise SNL's pulsed power research and engineering capabilities and resources and retain the expertise that will be required for future endeavors. This paper summarizes the predicted pulsed power performance of the 36-module ZR from the 577-kJ (at 85-kV charge) Marx generators in the oil energy storage section through the water pulse forming section components and the vacuum section to the Z-pinch load. Comparisons show good agreement between the most recent models and experimental results from full-scale, single module systems which are very similar to the final design. Discussions will emphasize the laser triggered gas switches and the self-break water switches which are continuing to be optimized","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132897307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365305
W. J. Sarjeant, J. Berkow, S. Olabisi, M. Hood, K. Struzik, H. Singh
Recent research into the exploding wire phenomenon has shown that capacitor grade metallized polypropylene film (MPPF) may perform as a surrogate to an exploding wire. The reaction of the MPPF to a high voltage capacitive discharge is similar to that of an exploding wire. A key difference that exists between the MPPF and the wire is that due to geometry, the stray capacitance and inductance of the film may have an effect on plasma formation. Tests have been performed on three types of MPPF to determine a relation, if any, between the impedance of the film and the formation of the plasma. MPPF samples of a fixed width with varying lengths were subjected to a 2.5 kV capacitive discharge. Trends in current, power, time duration, and energy as functions of length were compared to the measured inductance, capacitance, and resistance.
{"title":"Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance of a Surrogate Exploding Wire","authors":"W. J. Sarjeant, J. Berkow, S. Olabisi, M. Hood, K. Struzik, H. Singh","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365305","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research into the exploding wire phenomenon has shown that capacitor grade metallized polypropylene film (MPPF) may perform as a surrogate to an exploding wire. The reaction of the MPPF to a high voltage capacitive discharge is similar to that of an exploding wire. A key difference that exists between the MPPF and the wire is that due to geometry, the stray capacitance and inductance of the film may have an effect on plasma formation. Tests have been performed on three types of MPPF to determine a relation, if any, between the impedance of the film and the formation of the plasma. MPPF samples of a fixed width with varying lengths were subjected to a 2.5 kV capacitive discharge. Trends in current, power, time duration, and energy as functions of length were compared to the measured inductance, capacitance, and resistance.","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127880871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-14DOI: 10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365321
M. Giesselmann, B. Mchale, A. Neuber
We designed and tested several rapid capacitor chargers for rep-rated operation of low-inductance, compact Marx generators with rep-rates ranging from 10 Hz to 100 Hz. All chargers are designed to be packaged in cylindrical volumes with inside diameters in the range of 5 in-12 in. Our capacitor chargers are based on H-Bridge inverters using ultra fast 600 V class IGBTs. The high voltage is obtained by driving step-up transformers with nano-crystalline cores at 30 kHz. These chargers are capable of average DC output power levels of more than 5 kW for short time operation, during which the thermal inertia of the IGBT assembly provides effective cooling (up to seconds). To achieve reliable rep-rated operation of the chargers, we developed HV feedback sensors to monitor the charging process and solid state Marx-style trigger generators to command trigger the discharge of the main Marx
{"title":"Rapid Capacitor Chargers for Rep-Rated Operation of Low-Inductance Compact Marx Generators","authors":"M. Giesselmann, B. Mchale, A. Neuber","doi":"10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MODSYM.2006.365321","url":null,"abstract":"We designed and tested several rapid capacitor chargers for rep-rated operation of low-inductance, compact Marx generators with rep-rates ranging from 10 Hz to 100 Hz. All chargers are designed to be packaged in cylindrical volumes with inside diameters in the range of 5 in-12 in. Our capacitor chargers are based on H-Bridge inverters using ultra fast 600 V class IGBTs. The high voltage is obtained by driving step-up transformers with nano-crystalline cores at 30 kHz. These chargers are capable of average DC output power levels of more than 5 kW for short time operation, during which the thermal inertia of the IGBT assembly provides effective cooling (up to seconds). To achieve reliable rep-rated operation of the chargers, we developed HV feedback sensors to monitor the charging process and solid state Marx-style trigger generators to command trigger the discharge of the main Marx","PeriodicalId":410776,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 2006 Twenty-Seventh International Power Modulator Symposium","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131703757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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