Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822384
G. Cooperstein, R. Commisso, D. Hinshelwood, P. Ottinger, D. Rose, S. Stephanakis, S. Swanekamp, F. Young
This paper reports on recent NRL Gamble II experiments with rod-pinch diodes which duplicate and extend previous results. These diodes utilize a thin annular cathode surrounding a small diameter anode rod extending through and beyond the plane of the cathode. Up to seven rods were simultaneously pulsed with each rod displaying well behaved electrical characteristics (0.8-1.5 MV at impedances of 15 to 30 ohms). Time and spatially resolved X-ray Pin diode detectors demonstrated efficient current (>50%) propagation along each rod. The 50 rads Si that was measured 30 cm from each carbon rod (0.16 cm radius) with Ta cone tips at 1.5 MV corresponds to 10-1000 times the dose of other point radiography sources. While previous rod-pinch experiments were performed with solid rods, a new high-velocity, high-efficiency propagation mode was demonstrated using a hollow cylinder with a 6-/spl mu/m Al wall and a carbon end plug. It is speculated that the propagation was via electron reflexing through the thin anode rod without the need for anode ion production. Also, when no end plug was used, the electron beam appeared to reflex along the entire length of the rod until it lost its energy.
{"title":"Rod-pinch electron beam diodes as X-ray radiography sources","authors":"G. Cooperstein, R. Commisso, D. Hinshelwood, P. Ottinger, D. Rose, S. Stephanakis, S. Swanekamp, F. Young","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822384","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on recent NRL Gamble II experiments with rod-pinch diodes which duplicate and extend previous results. These diodes utilize a thin annular cathode surrounding a small diameter anode rod extending through and beyond the plane of the cathode. Up to seven rods were simultaneously pulsed with each rod displaying well behaved electrical characteristics (0.8-1.5 MV at impedances of 15 to 30 ohms). Time and spatially resolved X-ray Pin diode detectors demonstrated efficient current (>50%) propagation along each rod. The 50 rads Si that was measured 30 cm from each carbon rod (0.16 cm radius) with Ta cone tips at 1.5 MV corresponds to 10-1000 times the dose of other point radiography sources. While previous rod-pinch experiments were performed with solid rods, a new high-velocity, high-efficiency propagation mode was demonstrated using a hollow cylinder with a 6-/spl mu/m Al wall and a carbon end plug. It is speculated that the propagation was via electron reflexing through the thin anode rod without the need for anode ion production. Also, when no end plug was used, the electron beam appeared to reflex along the entire length of the rod until it lost its energy.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121500262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822392
V. Glukhikh, V. Kuchinsky, O. Pechersky, E. Velikhov, E. Azizov, E. Grabovsky, V. Jagnov, S. Nedoseev, G. M. Oleinik, V. D. Pismenny, V. Smirnov, V. I. Zajtsev, S. Zakharov, P. Sasorov
A fast liner implosion program is under development at TRINTI on the "Angara-5-1" facility, a 8-module pulsed power facility with maximum power 9 TW, pulse rise time 90 ns, and peak load current 4 MA. The main program objective is directed to high intensity soft X-ray source creation for ICF and basic research. The double liner concept has been suggested as a promising way to provide a dynamic hohlraum for pellet irradiation. As a more achievable way to obtain a pulsed power generator with tens of MA current a joint team of scientists from TRINITI, the Efremov Institute, Arzamas-16, Chelyabinsk-70, IVTAN, Tomsk and the Ekaterinburg laboratories have developed the concept of the Super Angara facility, tentatively named Baikal. The design is based on using the existing infrastructure of the T-14 tokamak in TRINITI.
{"title":"Perspective of kiloterawatt soft X-ray source based on slow inductive storage with energy 1 gigajoule","authors":"V. Glukhikh, V. Kuchinsky, O. Pechersky, E. Velikhov, E. Azizov, E. Grabovsky, V. Jagnov, S. Nedoseev, G. M. Oleinik, V. D. Pismenny, V. Smirnov, V. I. Zajtsev, S. Zakharov, P. Sasorov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822392","url":null,"abstract":"A fast liner implosion program is under development at TRINTI on the \"Angara-5-1\" facility, a 8-module pulsed power facility with maximum power 9 TW, pulse rise time 90 ns, and peak load current 4 MA. The main program objective is directed to high intensity soft X-ray source creation for ICF and basic research. The double liner concept has been suggested as a promising way to provide a dynamic hohlraum for pellet irradiation. As a more achievable way to obtain a pulsed power generator with tens of MA current a joint team of scientists from TRINITI, the Efremov Institute, Arzamas-16, Chelyabinsk-70, IVTAN, Tomsk and the Ekaterinburg laboratories have developed the concept of the Super Angara facility, tentatively named Baikal. The design is based on using the existing infrastructure of the T-14 tokamak in TRINITI.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114700184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822424
R. Arad, K. Tsigutkin, Y. Ralchenko, A. Fruchtman, N. Chakrabarti, Y. Maron
Spatially resolved measurements in a planar microsecond POS, using spectroscopy of dopants, in the plasma, are presented. The magnetic field evolution, determined from Zeeman splitting, is mapped in 2D and found to propagate axially at an average velocity of 3.3/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s. The axial velocities of various ions are determined and found to be less than the propagation velocity of the magnetic field. The electron density determined from the temporal behavior of various spectral lines is found to drop after the magnetic field reaches 60% of its peak value.
{"title":"Spectroscopic investigations of the magnetic field evolution and plasma flow in a microsecond POS","authors":"R. Arad, K. Tsigutkin, Y. Ralchenko, A. Fruchtman, N. Chakrabarti, Y. Maron","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822424","url":null,"abstract":"Spatially resolved measurements in a planar microsecond POS, using spectroscopy of dopants, in the plasma, are presented. The magnetic field evolution, determined from Zeeman splitting, is mapped in 2D and found to propagate axially at an average velocity of 3.3/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s. The axial velocities of various ions are determined and found to be less than the propagation velocity of the magnetic field. The electron density determined from the temporal behavior of various spectral lines is found to drop after the magnetic field reaches 60% of its peak value.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124300015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816934
A. Dunaevsky, K. Golubinsky, A. Lomako, O. Morgun
In this paper we shall describe the operational mode of CCXT (cold cathode flash X-ray tubes), which agrees with determined requirements of the medical imaging.
本文描述了冷阴极闪光x射线管(CCXT)的工作模式，它符合医学成像的既定要求。
{"title":"Operational mode of cold cathode flash X-ray tubes which provides submillimeter focal spot size and electron beam energy adjustment","authors":"A. Dunaevsky, K. Golubinsky, A. Lomako, O. Morgun","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816934","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we shall describe the operational mode of CCXT (cold cathode flash X-ray tubes), which agrees with determined requirements of the medical imaging.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115814248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822261
B. Weber, D. Black, B. Moosman, S.J. Stephanakis, D. Hinshelwood, R. Commisso, S. Swanekamp, J. Schumer, P. Ottinger, J. Moschella, C. Vidoli
Hydrogen Plasma Opening Switch (POS) experiments on Hawk show potential for increasing bremsstrahlung radiation on DECADE. Interferometry indicates that the density of POS plasma is greatly reduced over a large fraction of the interelectrode region (>1 cm out of 2.2 cm) at the time of opening. This low-density region is much larger for the hydrogen POS than for flashover-source POSs used previously on Hawk (and DECADE), and may result in a significantly larger effective vacuum gap, improving the efficiency of energy coupling to loads. Species separation may be responsible for the difference in plasma dynamics between single- and multispecies POSs.
{"title":"Comparison of POS-load dynamics using different plasma sources on Hawk","authors":"B. Weber, D. Black, B. Moosman, S.J. Stephanakis, D. Hinshelwood, R. Commisso, S. Swanekamp, J. Schumer, P. Ottinger, J. Moschella, C. Vidoli","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822261","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen Plasma Opening Switch (POS) experiments on Hawk show potential for increasing bremsstrahlung radiation on DECADE. Interferometry indicates that the density of POS plasma is greatly reduced over a large fraction of the interelectrode region (>1 cm out of 2.2 cm) at the time of opening. This low-density region is much larger for the hydrogen POS than for flashover-source POSs used previously on Hawk (and DECADE), and may result in a significantly larger effective vacuum gap, improving the efficiency of energy coupling to loads. Species separation may be responsible for the difference in plasma dynamics between single- and multispecies POSs.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130450523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822475
A.V. Arhzannikov, V. Burmasov, S. Kuznetsov, S. Popov, S. Sinitsky, M. Shcheglov
There are many tasks which need to generate high quality powerful relativistic electron beams (REB). One of them is to drive the free electron maser by the REB. The pumping efficiency of electromagnetic waves by powerful relativistic electron beams essentially depends on a velocity spread of the beam electrons. One of the main problems here is to reach a small velocity spread of the beam electrons.
{"title":"Spectra of laser scattering on powerful REB","authors":"A.V. Arhzannikov, V. Burmasov, S. Kuznetsov, S. Popov, S. Sinitsky, M. Shcheglov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822475","url":null,"abstract":"There are many tasks which need to generate high quality powerful relativistic electron beams (REB). One of them is to drive the free electron maser by the REB. The pumping efficiency of electromagnetic waves by powerful relativistic electron beams essentially depends on a velocity spread of the beam electrons. One of the main problems here is to reach a small velocity spread of the beam electrons.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132889623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.817011
E. Oks, A. Vizir, G. Yushkov
The hollow-cathode glow discharge is harnessed for generation of gas-discharge plasma and production of charged-particle beams at operating pressures of 10/sup -3/-10/sup -1/ Torr. However, the use of this type of discharge as a plasma emitter in wide-aperture gaseous ion sources calls for its operation at a pressure of 10/sup -4/ Torr or less. External injection of extra electrons into the cathode cavity provides a reduction of its lowest limiting operating pressure to below 10/sup -4/ Torr. At this pressure the electric strength of the acceleration gap is sufficient to extract an ion beam of energy several tens of KeV, and the scattering and resonance charge exchange of accelerated ions at residual gas atoms affect the parameters of the beam in this transportation toward a target only slightly. The paper is devoted to an investigation of the mass-charge composition of an ion beam extracted from the plasma of this type of high-current discharge.
{"title":"A high-current ion source based on a hollow-cathode glow discharge with e-beam injection","authors":"E. Oks, A. Vizir, G. Yushkov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.817011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.817011","url":null,"abstract":"The hollow-cathode glow discharge is harnessed for generation of gas-discharge plasma and production of charged-particle beams at operating pressures of 10/sup -3/-10/sup -1/ Torr. However, the use of this type of discharge as a plasma emitter in wide-aperture gaseous ion sources calls for its operation at a pressure of 10/sup -4/ Torr or less. External injection of extra electrons into the cathode cavity provides a reduction of its lowest limiting operating pressure to below 10/sup -4/ Torr. At this pressure the electric strength of the acceleration gap is sufficient to extract an ion beam of energy several tens of KeV, and the scattering and resonance charge exchange of accelerated ions at residual gas atoms affect the parameters of the beam in this transportation toward a target only slightly. The paper is devoted to an investigation of the mass-charge composition of an ion beam extracted from the plasma of this type of high-current discharge.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816967
J. Barroso, K. Kostov, R. A. Corrêa, I. Spassovsky
A description is given of a microwave tube based on the transit-time effect and conditions accounting for its feasibility as a high-power, pulsed microwave source are outlined. The device comprises a temperature-limited diode gun operating at 33-kV cathode voltage and 40-A beam current. As indicated by 2.5 D particle-in-cell simulations, a 5.7-GHz single frequency radiation has been generated at the peak-power output level of 100 kW.
{"title":"High-power microwave generation by an axial transit-time oscillator","authors":"J. Barroso, K. Kostov, R. A. Corrêa, I. Spassovsky","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816967","url":null,"abstract":"A description is given of a microwave tube based on the transit-time effect and conditions accounting for its feasibility as a high-power, pulsed microwave source are outlined. The device comprises a temperature-limited diode gun operating at 33-kV cathode voltage and 40-A beam current. As indicated by 2.5 D particle-in-cell simulations, a 5.7-GHz single frequency radiation has been generated at the peak-power output level of 100 kW.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133229930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822410
A. Tokuchi, N. Ninomiya, K. Yatsui, G. Imada, Q. Zhu, W. Jiang, K. Masugata
A new induction accelerator "ETIGO-III" has been developed to generate high current relativistic electron beam for applications in materials science, high-power microwave generation and intense X-ray generation. Using the Marx generator of "ETIGO-I", we have produced the initial pulse of 670 kV (60 ns pulse width). Through the four transmission lines, the pulse was fed to four induction cells. Three cores are installed inside each cell. The output voltage of 2 MV was obtained by the initial cell. Specifically, it is possible to obtain the final output parameters of 8 MeV, 5 kA 60 ns. Various diagnostics have been carried out on the characteristics of the electron beam generated by "ETIGO-III".
研制了一种新型感应加速器“ETIGO-III”，用于产生大电流相对论电子束，用于材料科学、高功率微波产生和强x射线产生。利用“ETIGO-I”的Marx发生器，我们产生了670 kV (60 ns脉冲宽度)的初始脉冲。通过四根传输线，脉冲被送入四个感应细胞。三个核心安装在每个单元内。初始电池的输出电压为2 MV。具体来说，可以获得8 MeV, 5 kA, 60 ns的最终输出参数。对“ETIGO-III”产生的电子束的特性进行了各种诊断。
{"title":"Development of high energy induction accelerator, \"ETIGO-III\"","authors":"A. Tokuchi, N. Ninomiya, K. Yatsui, G. Imada, Q. Zhu, W. Jiang, K. Masugata","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822410","url":null,"abstract":"A new induction accelerator \"ETIGO-III\" has been developed to generate high current relativistic electron beam for applications in materials science, high-power microwave generation and intense X-ray generation. Using the Marx generator of \"ETIGO-I\", we have produced the initial pulse of 670 kV (60 ns pulse width). Through the four transmission lines, the pulse was fed to four induction cells. Three cores are installed inside each cell. The output voltage of 2 MV was obtained by the initial cell. Specifically, it is possible to obtain the final output parameters of 8 MeV, 5 kA 60 ns. Various diagnostics have been carried out on the characteristics of the electron beam generated by \"ETIGO-III\".","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128893619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816940
V. Fortov, V. Kamensky, V.M. Mihailov, E. Nesterov, V. Petrov, S. D. Plaksina, S. A. Roschupkin, V. Shumilin, V. A. Stroganov
At present, explosive magnetic generators (EMG) are the most energy containing sources for pulsed power applications. The use of MCG for power supply of microwave generators significantly reduce the weight and sizes of installation as a whole. Modern fast-run MCGs are capable to transmit into load dozens or even hundreds of kJ during only a few microseconds. For matching with relatively high-resistance load, which is most of microwave generators, it is very useful to take the advantage of an intermediate inductive store with electroexplosive opening switch (EEOS).
{"title":"Development of accelerator for high-power microwave applications based on the forming line supplied with current","authors":"V. Fortov, V. Kamensky, V.M. Mihailov, E. Nesterov, V. Petrov, S. D. Plaksina, S. A. Roschupkin, V. Shumilin, V. A. Stroganov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816940","url":null,"abstract":"At present, explosive magnetic generators (EMG) are the most energy containing sources for pulsed power applications. The use of MCG for power supply of microwave generators significantly reduce the weight and sizes of installation as a whole. Modern fast-run MCGs are capable to transmit into load dozens or even hundreds of kJ during only a few microseconds. For matching with relatively high-resistance load, which is most of microwave generators, it is very useful to take the advantage of an intermediate inductive store with electroexplosive opening switch (EEOS).","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131666278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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