Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822432
A.I. Kormilitsyn, I. V. S. Diyankov, V.B. Bratchikov
The paper proposes technique for controlled commutation of energy on a dielectric surface when affected by ultraviolet radiation, formed during electric explosion of wires. Commutation characteristic of discharge can be controlled by changing intensity of surface irradiation and number of commutation channels by changing number of exploded wires. This technique, combined with other factors, is used for formation of trailing of voltage (current) at accelerating tube of direct action accelerator IGUR-3. Exploded wires are placed inside polyethylene pipes 7 m long. With simultaneous changes of electrical field strength along the length of the pipe, steepness of rise of voltage pulse, and intensity of ultraviolet radiation, duration of the trailing edge the pulse can be set from 20 ns up to 250 ns. Speed of discharge on the pipe's surface does not depend upon its length and is, respectively, 3/spl middot/10/sub 8/...3/spl middot/10/sup 7/ m/s.
本文提出了在电线爆炸过程中产生的紫外线辐射作用下，介质表面能量可控换相的技术。通过改变表面辐照强度和改变爆丝数来控制放电的换相特性。该技术与其他因素相结合，用于直接作用加速器IGUR-3加速管电压(电流)尾迹的形成。爆炸的电线被放置在7米长的聚乙烯管中。随着电场强度沿管道长度、电压脉冲上升的陡峭度和紫外线辐射强度的同时变化，脉冲尾缘的持续时间可以从20 ns到250 ns设置。管道表面的排放速度与管道长度无关，分别为3/spl / middot/10/sub / 8/…7/ m/s /s
{"title":"Controlled discharge on dielectric surface","authors":"A.I. Kormilitsyn, I. V. S. Diyankov, V.B. Bratchikov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822432","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes technique for controlled commutation of energy on a dielectric surface when affected by ultraviolet radiation, formed during electric explosion of wires. Commutation characteristic of discharge can be controlled by changing intensity of surface irradiation and number of commutation channels by changing number of exploded wires. This technique, combined with other factors, is used for formation of trailing of voltage (current) at accelerating tube of direct action accelerator IGUR-3. Exploded wires are placed inside polyethylene pipes 7 m long. With simultaneous changes of electrical field strength along the length of the pipe, steepness of rise of voltage pulse, and intensity of ultraviolet radiation, duration of the trailing edge the pulse can be set from 20 ns up to 250 ns. Speed of discharge on the pipe's surface does not depend upon its length and is, respectively, 3/spl middot/10/sub 8/...3/spl middot/10/sup 7/ m/s.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133576235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816960
V. Bratman, Yu.D. Grom, Y. Kalynov, V. Manuilov, M.M. Ofitserov, S. Samsonov
An electron-optical system with a thermionic cathode allowing production of a 0.6 mm diameter thin rectilinear electron beam with an energy of 250 keV, current of 15 A and pulse duration of 10 /spl mu/s in an axial magnetic field of 16 kG is designed and constructed. A pumping system transforms the straight beam into a beam of electrons gyrating around the axis with a velocity ratio of 1.5 and sufficiently small velocity spread. Results of numerical simulations and experiments are presented. The obtained beam will be used for cyclotron resonance maser experiments.
{"title":"Electron beam formation for relativistic CRMs","authors":"V. Bratman, Yu.D. Grom, Y. Kalynov, V. Manuilov, M.M. Ofitserov, S. Samsonov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816960","url":null,"abstract":"An electron-optical system with a thermionic cathode allowing production of a 0.6 mm diameter thin rectilinear electron beam with an energy of 250 keV, current of 15 A and pulse duration of 10 /spl mu/s in an axial magnetic field of 16 kG is designed and constructed. A pumping system transforms the straight beam into a beam of electrons gyrating around the axis with a velocity ratio of 1.5 and sufficiently small velocity spread. Results of numerical simulations and experiments are presented. The obtained beam will be used for cyclotron resonance maser experiments.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131796556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822467
V. Burdovitsin, E. Oks, A. Serov
Characteristics, performance and design features of a filament-less plasma cathode electron gun for beam generation in forevacuum gas pressure range are presented, The plasma cathode is based on hollow cathode DC discharge. Using method of "grid stabilization", it was possible to generate e-beam under the background gas pressure as high as about 10/sup -1/ torr. This pressure can be easy obtained by mechanical pump. Presence of a magnetic field is one of requests for several applications, such as plasma chemistry and surface treatment processes. So operation of the gun under the B-field up to 0.1 T was investigated. It was observed an influence of the B-field both on discharge and emission parameters of the gun. The results obtained can be explained based on idea of electron confinement by magnetic field and it's motion across the B-field, With the accelerating voltage up to 8 kV the gun is able to generate of about 0.7 A DC electron beam.
{"title":"Hollow cathode electron gun for beam generation in forevacuum gas pressure","authors":"V. Burdovitsin, E. Oks, A. Serov","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822467","url":null,"abstract":"Characteristics, performance and design features of a filament-less plasma cathode electron gun for beam generation in forevacuum gas pressure range are presented, The plasma cathode is based on hollow cathode DC discharge. Using method of \"grid stabilization\", it was possible to generate e-beam under the background gas pressure as high as about 10/sup -1/ torr. This pressure can be easy obtained by mechanical pump. Presence of a magnetic field is one of requests for several applications, such as plasma chemistry and surface treatment processes. So operation of the gun under the B-field up to 0.1 T was investigated. It was observed an influence of the B-field both on discharge and emission parameters of the gun. The results obtained can be explained based on idea of electron confinement by magnetic field and it's motion across the B-field, With the accelerating voltage up to 8 kV the gun is able to generate of about 0.7 A DC electron beam.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133215100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822484
I. Lisitsyn, S. Kohno, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama
A novel scheme combining an interferometer and refractometer for simultaneous plasma density and plasma density gradient measurements is described. The scheme employs a ribbon laser beam obtained from one-dimensional laser beam expansion by a pair of cylindrical lenses. This beam shape allows measurements at several spatial locations simultaneously. The beam deflection measurements give additional important information on the spatial distribution of plasma density gradient in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the expanded beam. Fast pin photodiodes are used as light detectors for temporal resolution better than 1 ns. The high power (700 mW) of the Ar ion laser allows 0.1/spl deg/ phase resolution and simultaneously 0.1 mrad refractional deflection angle.
{"title":"Multichannel laser interferometer-refractometer with high spatial and temporal resolutions","authors":"I. Lisitsyn, S. Kohno, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822484","url":null,"abstract":"A novel scheme combining an interferometer and refractometer for simultaneous plasma density and plasma density gradient measurements is described. The scheme employs a ribbon laser beam obtained from one-dimensional laser beam expansion by a pair of cylindrical lenses. This beam shape allows measurements at several spatial locations simultaneously. The beam deflection measurements give additional important information on the spatial distribution of plasma density gradient in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the expanded beam. Fast pin photodiodes are used as light detectors for temporal resolution better than 1 ns. The high power (700 mW) of the Ar ion laser allows 0.1/spl deg/ phase resolution and simultaneously 0.1 mrad refractional deflection angle.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133026964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822478
S. Dan’ko
X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most informative diagnostics used on the "S-300" facility (3-4 MA, 600 keV, 100 ns). A specially designed crystal spectrograph permits one to get time-integrated [H]- and [He]-like ion spectra with two-dimensional spatial resolution in each experiment run. Computer processing of the spectra gives electron and ion temperature, hot plasma density, energy radiated in separate lines and geometry shape of the radiation source. X-ray spectroscopy methods and some results from the light liner and Z-pinch experiments are reported in this paper.
{"title":"X-ray spectroscopy at \"S-300\" facility","authors":"S. Dan’ko","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822478","url":null,"abstract":"X-ray spectroscopy is one of the most informative diagnostics used on the \"S-300\" facility (3-4 MA, 600 keV, 100 ns). A specially designed crystal spectrograph permits one to get time-integrated [H]- and [He]-like ion spectra with two-dimensional spatial resolution in each experiment run. Computer processing of the spectra gives electron and ion temperature, hot plasma density, energy radiated in separate lines and geometry shape of the radiation source. X-ray spectroscopy methods and some results from the light liner and Z-pinch experiments are reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132042654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816923
V. A. Demidov, A. Demin, S. Kazakov, Y. Vlasov, V. A. Yanenko
At present the multi-element disk explosive magnetic generators (EMG) are the most powerful sources of electromagnetic energy. They allow one to obtain currents of hundreds of megaamperes and currents of hundreds of megajoules at the times of dozens of microseconds. They find application when performing pioneer experiments in the field of high energy densities, in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion researches they can also be used for radiation generation, etc.
{"title":"Disk explosive magnetic generator with low risetime in the load","authors":"V. A. Demidov, A. Demin, S. Kazakov, Y. Vlasov, V. A. Yanenko","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816923","url":null,"abstract":"At present the multi-element disk explosive magnetic generators (EMG) are the most powerful sources of electromagnetic energy. They allow one to obtain currents of hundreds of megaamperes and currents of hundreds of megajoules at the times of dozens of microseconds. They find application when performing pioneer experiments in the field of high energy densities, in the field of controlled thermonuclear fusion researches they can also be used for radiation generation, etc.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122918726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816938
A.M. Bujko, V. Chernyshev, S. F. Garanin, Y. Gorbachev, V. Demidov, G. G. Ivanova, V.N. Kostyukov, S. Kuznetsov, A.I. Kuzyaev, A. B. Mezhevov, V. Mokhov, A. Petrukhin, V. N. Sofronov, A. I. Startsev, V. B. Yakubov, B. Anderson, C. Ekdahl, J.L. Kammerdiener, I. Lindemuth, R. Reinovsky, P. Rodriguez, L. Veeser, S. Younger, W.D. Zerwekh, D. A. Poling, R.C. Kirkpatirck, T. Englert, G. Kiuttu
High power pulsed energy sources are required to produce a large amount of X-rays. The leading role in creation of ultra-high power stationary machines belongs to the USA national laboratories. VNIIEF has made much progress in creation of ultra-high power explosive magnetic generators (EMG) of a single action, which allow experiments up to 200 MJ of the stored energy and up to 10/sup 13/ W of the power in the load.
{"title":"The study of variable mass liner acceleration in order to create the source of soft X-rays","authors":"A.M. Bujko, V. Chernyshev, S. F. Garanin, Y. Gorbachev, V. Demidov, G. G. Ivanova, V.N. Kostyukov, S. Kuznetsov, A.I. Kuzyaev, A. B. Mezhevov, V. Mokhov, A. Petrukhin, V. N. Sofronov, A. I. Startsev, V. B. Yakubov, B. Anderson, C. Ekdahl, J.L. Kammerdiener, I. Lindemuth, R. Reinovsky, P. Rodriguez, L. Veeser, S. Younger, W.D. Zerwekh, D. A. Poling, R.C. Kirkpatirck, T. Englert, G. Kiuttu","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816938","url":null,"abstract":"High power pulsed energy sources are required to produce a large amount of X-rays. The leading role in creation of ultra-high power stationary machines belongs to the USA national laboratories. VNIIEF has made much progress in creation of ultra-high power explosive magnetic generators (EMG) of a single action, which allow experiments up to 200 MJ of the stored energy and up to 10/sup 13/ W of the power in the load.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127630183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822458
Y. Krasik, A. Dunaevsky, J. Felsteiner
In this report we present experimental data concerning the use of various plasma sources to generate high-power, high-current electron beams in a repetitive mode instead of explosive emission plasma. The concept of this research is in the plasma creation prior to the application of the acceleration voltage to the anode-cathode gap, and in the achievement of the condition when the space-charge limiting electron current density is equal to the electron plasma saturation current density. It has been shown that it is possible to generate electron beams without creation of explosive plasma and without the time delay with respect to the beginning of the acceleration voltage. This can be achieved by the proper adjustment of the plasma parameters to the diode geometry and to the amplitude of the acceleration voltage. Experimental results of generation of electron beams with current density of 100 A/cm/sup 2/, and electron energy of 40 kV continuously with repetition rate of 2 Hz are presented.
{"title":"Generation of high-current electron beams by the use of plasma cathodes","authors":"Y. Krasik, A. Dunaevsky, J. Felsteiner","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822458","url":null,"abstract":"In this report we present experimental data concerning the use of various plasma sources to generate high-power, high-current electron beams in a repetitive mode instead of explosive emission plasma. The concept of this research is in the plasma creation prior to the application of the acceleration voltage to the anode-cathode gap, and in the achievement of the condition when the space-charge limiting electron current density is equal to the electron plasma saturation current density. It has been shown that it is possible to generate electron beams without creation of explosive plasma and without the time delay with respect to the beginning of the acceleration voltage. This can be achieved by the proper adjustment of the plasma parameters to the diode geometry and to the amplitude of the acceleration voltage. Experimental results of generation of electron beams with current density of 100 A/cm/sup 2/, and electron energy of 40 kV continuously with repetition rate of 2 Hz are presented.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116933746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822433
I. Lisitsyn, S. Kohno, Y. Teramoto, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama
A novel pulsed power generator using the inductive voltage adder technology was put into operation in Kumamoto University. This machine, named "ASO-X", is an inductive voltage adder-inductive energy storage pulsed power system. The maximum output voltage and current of ASO-X are 180 kV and 400 kA respectively at the short circuit load with 1.3 /spl mu/s of current quarter period. To increase the voltage, power and decrease the rise time of the load current, the plasma opening switch is used at the output of ASO-X. Eight plasma guns, serve for the plasma source of the opening switch in the scheme of with the single triggered gap switch. This system provides very fast current rise rate of 3.6/spl times/10/sup 12/ A/s at over 1 /spl mu/s of conduction time of the plasma opening switch.
{"title":"400 kA inductive voltage adder-inductive energy storage pulsed power generator ASO-X","authors":"I. Lisitsyn, S. Kohno, Y. Teramoto, S. Katsuki, H. Akiyama","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822433","url":null,"abstract":"A novel pulsed power generator using the inductive voltage adder technology was put into operation in Kumamoto University. This machine, named \"ASO-X\", is an inductive voltage adder-inductive energy storage pulsed power system. The maximum output voltage and current of ASO-X are 180 kV and 400 kA respectively at the short circuit load with 1.3 /spl mu/s of current quarter period. To increase the voltage, power and decrease the rise time of the load current, the plasma opening switch is used at the output of ASO-X. Eight plasma guns, serve for the plasma source of the opening switch in the scheme of with the single triggered gap switch. This system provides very fast current rise rate of 3.6/spl times/10/sup 12/ A/s at over 1 /spl mu/s of conduction time of the plasma opening switch.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114184494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822454
R. Ando, S. Taniguchi, K. Kamada, M. Masuzaki, I. Onishchenko
A study of IREB-driven strong Langmuir turbulence fields in a plasma after the IREB passed through the plasma was carried out by measuring deflection of a weak low-energy electron probe beam injected across the plasma. The preliminary results are discussed here.
{"title":"Measurement of strong Langmuir turbulence fields using an electron beam probe","authors":"R. Ando, S. Taniguchi, K. Kamada, M. Masuzaki, I. Onishchenko","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822454","url":null,"abstract":"A study of IREB-driven strong Langmuir turbulence fields in a plasma after the IREB passed through the plasma was carried out by measuring deflection of a weak low-energy electron probe beam injected across the plasma. The preliminary results are discussed here.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114188928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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