Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822399
Z. Falkenstein
Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in oxygen and air are well established for the production of large quantities of ozone and are more recently being applied to a wider range of plasmachemical processes. As an introduction of this type of gas discharge, the main plasmaphysical features of sinusoidal-driven DBDs (transient, non-thermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure) are described, and plasmachemical reaction pathways for the generation of ozone are briefly discussed. The generation of atomic oxygen for ozone synthesis leads inevitably to the second application of DBDs, the non-thermal oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in dry and humid air. Experimental results on the degradation of VOCs (isopropanol, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride) as well as by-product formation will be presented for stand-alone DBD treatment, as well as for simultaneous (V)UV illumination of the discharge. Illumination of the discharge with (V)W can change the plasmachemistry by enhanced formation of certain species of radicals-and thereby can change byproduct formation-but also can change the discharge physics, known as the Joshi effect, Another application of DBDs is the generation of excited dimers and exciplexes for the production of incoherent (V)UV/visible light. As an example, experimental results on a XeBr* excimer UV light source are presented, which LANL has developed to the stage of commercialization. Effects of the total and partial gas pressure of a Xe/Br/sub 2/ system, the gap spacing, and the applied driving frequency on the UV radiant efficiency are presented. The last and latest application of DBDs is the surface processing near atmospheric pressures. As an example, results of photoresist ashing on Si wafers in an oxygen plasma are shown as function of gas pressure, gap spacing, and applied frequency. The surface of the etched photoresist is characterized by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy.
{"title":"Applications of dielectric barrier discharges","authors":"Z. Falkenstein","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822399","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) in oxygen and air are well established for the production of large quantities of ozone and are more recently being applied to a wider range of plasmachemical processes. As an introduction of this type of gas discharge, the main plasmaphysical features of sinusoidal-driven DBDs (transient, non-thermal plasmas at atmospheric pressure) are described, and plasmachemical reaction pathways for the generation of ozone are briefly discussed. The generation of atomic oxygen for ozone synthesis leads inevitably to the second application of DBDs, the non-thermal oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in dry and humid air. Experimental results on the degradation of VOCs (isopropanol, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride) as well as by-product formation will be presented for stand-alone DBD treatment, as well as for simultaneous (V)UV illumination of the discharge. Illumination of the discharge with (V)W can change the plasmachemistry by enhanced formation of certain species of radicals-and thereby can change byproduct formation-but also can change the discharge physics, known as the Joshi effect, Another application of DBDs is the generation of excited dimers and exciplexes for the production of incoherent (V)UV/visible light. As an example, experimental results on a XeBr* excimer UV light source are presented, which LANL has developed to the stage of commercialization. Effects of the total and partial gas pressure of a Xe/Br/sub 2/ system, the gap spacing, and the applied driving frequency on the UV radiant efficiency are presented. The last and latest application of DBDs is the surface processing near atmospheric pressures. As an example, results of photoresist ashing on Si wafers in an oxygen plasma are shown as function of gas pressure, gap spacing, and applied frequency. The surface of the etched photoresist is characterized by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129077915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822416
T. Mehlhorn, R. G. Adams, J. Bailey, M. Cuneo, M. Desjarlais, A. Filuk, D. Hanson, D.J. Johnson, C. Olson, T. Pointon, S. Slutz, R. Vesey, D. Welch, D. Wenger
Intense ion beams may be the best option for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) driver. While light ions may be the long-term pulsed power approach to IFE, the current economic climate is such that there is no urgency in developing fusion energy sources. Research on light ion beams at Sandia will be suspended at the end of this fiscal year in favor of Z-pinches studying ICF target physics, high yield fusion, and stewardship issues. We document the status of light ion research and our understanding of the feasibility of scaling light ions to IFE.
{"title":"The prospect for fusion energy with light ions","authors":"T. Mehlhorn, R. G. Adams, J. Bailey, M. Cuneo, M. Desjarlais, A. Filuk, D. Hanson, D.J. Johnson, C. Olson, T. Pointon, S. Slutz, R. Vesey, D. Welch, D. Wenger","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822416","url":null,"abstract":"Intense ion beams may be the best option for an inertial fusion energy (IFE) driver. While light ions may be the long-term pulsed power approach to IFE, the current economic climate is such that there is no urgency in developing fusion energy sources. Research on light ion beams at Sandia will be suspended at the end of this fiscal year in favor of Z-pinches studying ICF target physics, high yield fusion, and stewardship issues. We document the status of light ion research and our understanding of the feasibility of scaling light ions to IFE.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"13 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132974387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822435
C. Mendel, D. Seidel, S. Rosenthal
Plasma opening switches (POS) have been used continually and studied since their introduction in 1976. During that period they have performed well for prepulse suppression and sharpening the front of the power pulse. Their use for long conduction time and rapid opening to stand off high voltage in the same POS has met with very limited success. There has been a large theoretical effort involving models and particle-in-cell simulations (PICS), but the connection between theory and experiment has been tenuous at best, and convincing agreement with experiment has been minimal. The authors believe progress toward long conduction and rapid opening would be faster if macroscopic physical parameters describing the physics of the switch were used to compare experiment to simulation. One of these parameters (electron flow impedance) has been used to describe the electrical characteristics of the POS. This parameter provides a good description of both the standard POS (SPOS) and the magnetically controlled POS (MCPOS) because its value is sensibly independent of load current. An additional parameter, the effective mass of the plasma, was measured in one MCPOS experiment. In this article we describe other parameters important to operation of the SPOS and the MCPOS, and parameters important in designing PICS used to study these devices.
{"title":"A study of parameters useful for describing plasma-opening switches","authors":"C. Mendel, D. Seidel, S. Rosenthal","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822435","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma opening switches (POS) have been used continually and studied since their introduction in 1976. During that period they have performed well for prepulse suppression and sharpening the front of the power pulse. Their use for long conduction time and rapid opening to stand off high voltage in the same POS has met with very limited success. There has been a large theoretical effort involving models and particle-in-cell simulations (PICS), but the connection between theory and experiment has been tenuous at best, and convincing agreement with experiment has been minimal. The authors believe progress toward long conduction and rapid opening would be faster if macroscopic physical parameters describing the physics of the switch were used to compare experiment to simulation. One of these parameters (electron flow impedance) has been used to describe the electrical characteristics of the POS. This parameter provides a good description of both the standard POS (SPOS) and the magnetically controlled POS (MCPOS) because its value is sensibly independent of load current. An additional parameter, the effective mass of the plasma, was measured in one MCPOS experiment. In this article we describe other parameters important to operation of the SPOS and the MCPOS, and parameters important in designing PICS used to study these devices.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-08-01DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822420
T. Sanford, R. Mock, B. Marder, M. Desjarlais, T. Nash, R. Spielman, D. Peterson, K. Whitney, J. Apruzese, P. Pulsifer, D. Mosher
Comparisons of detailed measured implosion characteristics of annular wire array Z-pinches with those modeled and simulated give insight into pinch dynamics and X-ray power generation.
{"title":"Wire array Z-pinch insights for high X-ray power generation","authors":"T. Sanford, R. Mock, B. Marder, M. Desjarlais, T. Nash, R. Spielman, D. Peterson, K. Whitney, J. Apruzese, P. Pulsifer, D. Mosher","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822420","url":null,"abstract":"Comparisons of detailed measured implosion characteristics of annular wire array Z-pinches with those modeled and simulated give insight into pinch dynamics and X-ray power generation.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-12DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822388
S. Attelan-Langlet, B. Etlicher, M. Fedulov, V.O. Michensky, G. Volkov, M. Zaitsev
The X-ray spectrograph based on mica crystal (2d=19.9/spl Aring/) for spectrum analysis is described. The device construction (/spl theta/-2/spl theta/ scheme) is suited for radiation detectors: film, charge coupled device (CCD) and microchannel plate (MCP). X-ray film is used for spectrum measurements in the working range of the device (3/spl Aring/-18/spl Aring/). The device working range is measured by CCD. The CCD length is 3 cm. It correspond to the /spl Delta//spl lambda/=4/spl Aring/ range of the X-ray spectrum. An analog CCD signal is transformed to digital form and is sent to an IBM PC. The computer software has codes for plasma parameter determination (T/sub e/,n/sub e/). The CCD characteristics in the X-ray region have been initially researched. Some of these results are given. There are two time resolved detectors for plasma dynamic measurements. The construction of these detectors is based on microchannel plates. The X-ray range of the MCP detector is /spl Delta//spl lambda/=0.1/spl Aring/. Some results of this device application at the pulsed power facilities ANGARA-5 and GAEL are given.
{"title":"Multifunction X-ray spectrograph","authors":"S. Attelan-Langlet, B. Etlicher, M. Fedulov, V.O. Michensky, G. Volkov, M. Zaitsev","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822388","url":null,"abstract":"The X-ray spectrograph based on mica crystal (2d=19.9/spl Aring/) for spectrum analysis is described. The device construction (/spl theta/-2/spl theta/ scheme) is suited for radiation detectors: film, charge coupled device (CCD) and microchannel plate (MCP). X-ray film is used for spectrum measurements in the working range of the device (3/spl Aring/-18/spl Aring/). The device working range is measured by CCD. The CCD length is 3 cm. It correspond to the /spl Delta//spl lambda/=4/spl Aring/ range of the X-ray spectrum. An analog CCD signal is transformed to digital form and is sent to an IBM PC. The computer software has codes for plasma parameter determination (T/sub e/,n/sub e/). The CCD characteristics in the X-ray region have been initially researched. Some of these results are given. There are two time resolved detectors for plasma dynamic measurements. The construction of these detectors is based on microchannel plates. The X-ray range of the MCP detector is /spl Delta//spl lambda/=0.1/spl Aring/. Some results of this device application at the pulsed power facilities ANGARA-5 and GAEL are given.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130938663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-12DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822440
A. Dunaevsky, K. Golubinsky, A. Lomako, O. Morgun
From early 70s X-ray compact pulse X-ray generators with cold cathode X-ray tubes could be found in various industry and science applications. High voltage pulse in our generator is produced by semiconductor opening switch implementation in inductive energy storage circuit. Idea of current flow breaking is widely used in high-power technique, where plasma opening switches opened a new page in power transitions. A lot of investigations carried out in the field of pulsed power solid-state opening switches both specially controlled and based on commercial high-voltage diodes. To investigate the behaviors of commercially available high-voltage diodes when implemented as solid-state opening switches we studied a number of high-voltage diodes with breakdown voltage more than 5 kV.
{"title":"Compact pulse \"cold cathode\"-flash X-ray tube power supply unit with solid-state opening switch","authors":"A. Dunaevsky, K. Golubinsky, A. Lomako, O. Morgun","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822440","url":null,"abstract":"From early 70s X-ray compact pulse X-ray generators with cold cathode X-ray tubes could be found in various industry and science applications. High voltage pulse in our generator is produced by semiconductor opening switch implementation in inductive energy storage circuit. Idea of current flow breaking is widely used in high-power technique, where plasma opening switches opened a new page in power transitions. A lot of investigations carried out in the field of pulsed power solid-state opening switches both specially controlled and based on commercial high-voltage diodes. To investigate the behaviors of commercially available high-voltage diodes when implemented as solid-state opening switches we studied a number of high-voltage diodes with breakdown voltage more than 5 kV.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129852744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-12DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822398
K. Yatsui, Wenhui Jiang, N. Harada, T. Sonegawa
By an intense pulsed light ion beam (LIE) interaction with target, high density ablation plasma is produced (ion beam ablation plasma: IBAP) due to short range of LIE. Since the first preparation of thin films of ZnS by IBAP in 1988 (ion beam evaporation: IBE), we prepared various kinds of thin films. In addition to standard front side deposition by IBE (FS/IBE), where a substrate is located in front of the target, significant improvement has been achieved of the film quality by back side deposition (BS/IBE), where the substrate is placed just behind the holder. Characteristics of the films by BS/IBE are shown. By rapid cooling of IBAP, we synthesized nanosize powders. Fullerene has also been successfully prepared. Furthermore, foil acceleration has been studied by the irradiation of LIE on a target. Quick overview is given on the applications of IBAP in materials science.
{"title":"Applications of intense pulsed light ion beams to materials science","authors":"K. Yatsui, Wenhui Jiang, N. Harada, T. Sonegawa","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822398","url":null,"abstract":"By an intense pulsed light ion beam (LIE) interaction with target, high density ablation plasma is produced (ion beam ablation plasma: IBAP) due to short range of LIE. Since the first preparation of thin films of ZnS by IBAP in 1988 (ion beam evaporation: IBE), we prepared various kinds of thin films. In addition to standard front side deposition by IBE (FS/IBE), where a substrate is located in front of the target, significant improvement has been achieved of the film quality by back side deposition (BS/IBE), where the substrate is placed just behind the holder. Characteristics of the films by BS/IBE are shown. By rapid cooling of IBAP, we synthesized nanosize powders. Fullerene has also been successfully prepared. Furthermore, foil acceleration has been studied by the irradiation of LIE on a target. Quick overview is given on the applications of IBAP in materials science.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"410 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116516408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-12DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.817016
N. Barinov, G.I. Dolgachev, D. D. Maslennikov, M.S. Nitishinsky, A. Ushakov, L.P. Zakatov, O. Zinoviev
The results of sterilization tests made at the RS-20 generator of Bremsstrahlung for sterilizing purpose are reported. The measurements were done under different conditions in the area of 10-30 kGy dose levels at 1 MGy/s peak dose rate range for various microorganisms. The immediately irradiated volume was 0.036 of cubic meter with average dose rate at 1 kGy/hour provided in the center of the volume. The Bremsstrahlung was created by 2.0 MeV 10 kA 100 ns pulsed e-beam directed toward the target at 2 Hz. The tests were compared with those made simultaneously at continuous radionucleic radiation source using Co-60 isotope providing same dose values. It was found that full sterilization effect at RS-20 using 1 MGy/s peak dose rate takes 2-5 times lesser dose against radionucleic source and increases total efficiency of the system. Total dose decrease down to 5-12 kGy allows to reduce radiation loads on the equipment and broadens the area of sterilizing application.
{"title":"Medical equipment sterilization using superhigh dose rate X-ray irradiation","authors":"N. Barinov, G.I. Dolgachev, D. D. Maslennikov, M.S. Nitishinsky, A. Ushakov, L.P. Zakatov, O. Zinoviev","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.817016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.817016","url":null,"abstract":"The results of sterilization tests made at the RS-20 generator of Bremsstrahlung for sterilizing purpose are reported. The measurements were done under different conditions in the area of 10-30 kGy dose levels at 1 MGy/s peak dose rate range for various microorganisms. The immediately irradiated volume was 0.036 of cubic meter with average dose rate at 1 kGy/hour provided in the center of the volume. The Bremsstrahlung was created by 2.0 MeV 10 kA 100 ns pulsed e-beam directed toward the target at 2 Hz. The tests were compared with those made simultaneously at continuous radionucleic radiation source using Co-60 isotope providing same dose values. It was found that full sterilization effect at RS-20 using 1 MGy/s peak dose rate takes 2-5 times lesser dose against radionucleic source and increases total efficiency of the system. Total dose decrease down to 5-12 kGy allows to reduce radiation loads on the equipment and broadens the area of sterilizing application.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816936
R. Nemirovsky, A. Ben-Kish, M. Shuker, A. Ron
We investigate the dynamics of Z-pinch Ar plasma using a one-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) code, in a regime for which a large soft-X-ray amplification has been observed and reported. While some of the model's numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data, other features are not. Achieving better agreement with the experimental data requires some major adjustments in the plasma parameters relative to their classical values (as has been reported in previous works). We attribute some of the discrepancies to the high percentage of neutral atoms in the plasma. Therefore we suggest to extend the standard MHD model, by introducing a neutral-species fluid, in addition to the charged-species fluid (ions and electrons).
{"title":"Neutral atoms influence on the dynamics of Z-pinch capillary discharge X-ray laser","authors":"R. Nemirovsky, A. Ben-Kish, M. Shuker, A. Ron","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.816936","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the dynamics of Z-pinch Ar plasma using a one-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) code, in a regime for which a large soft-X-ray amplification has been observed and reported. While some of the model's numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data, other features are not. Achieving better agreement with the experimental data requires some major adjustments in the plasma parameters relative to their classical values (as has been reported in previous works). We attribute some of the discrepancies to the high percentage of neutral atoms in the plasma. Therefore we suggest to extend the standard MHD model, by introducing a neutral-species fluid, in addition to the charged-species fluid (ions and electrons).","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116774889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-07DOI: 10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822264
D. Vaisburd
Injection of high-current-density (HCD) electron beam of nanosecond pulse duration into a dielectric creates strong electric field, from one side, and high density of electrons and holes trapped at the shallow levels in the band-gap, from the other side. Two types of high intensity electron emission from dielectric into vacuum are studied experimentally and considered theoretically. The first one is field electron emission from dielectric (FEED), which arises owing to intense detrapping electrons from shallow levels in high electric field. The second one is critical electron emission from dielectric (CEED), which arises when FEED current density exceeds critical value and induced point explosions of the microtips on the dielectric surface and ejects atom-ion plasmas from this points into vacuum. Full theoretical and computer simulation of FEED and CEED needs to take into account a lot of ultrafast excitation/relaxation processes in dielectric under HCD electron beam irradiation.
{"title":"Critical electron-hole processes in dielectric induced by synchronous action of high electric field and high-current-density electron beam","authors":"D. Vaisburd","doi":"10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BEAMS.1998.822264","url":null,"abstract":"Injection of high-current-density (HCD) electron beam of nanosecond pulse duration into a dielectric creates strong electric field, from one side, and high density of electrons and holes trapped at the shallow levels in the band-gap, from the other side. Two types of high intensity electron emission from dielectric into vacuum are studied experimentally and considered theoretically. The first one is field electron emission from dielectric (FEED), which arises owing to intense detrapping electrons from shallow levels in high electric field. The second one is critical electron emission from dielectric (CEED), which arises when FEED current density exceeds critical value and induced point explosions of the microtips on the dielectric surface and ejects atom-ion plasmas from this points into vacuum. Full theoretical and computer simulation of FEED and CEED needs to take into account a lot of ultrafast excitation/relaxation processes in dielectric under HCD electron beam irradiation.","PeriodicalId":410823,"journal":{"name":"12th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams. BEAMS'98. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX103)","volume":"4 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120859009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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