This article analyses the rise of the Somali National Movement (SNM), the trauma of resistance between northern, formerly British Somaliland, and the incumbent southern regime of General Mohammed Siad Barre, between 1984 and the collapse of that regime in 1991, and also revisits the Hargeisa, Somaliland, genocide of 1988. The year 1991 marked the move toward nation-statehood formation and the unilateral declaration of independence, interacting with the following interrelated socio-political dynamics: the reconciliation of Somaliland clans involving indigenous reconciliation initiatives of integrating tradition and modernity; interactions between the majority Isaaq clan and the minority clans; followed by the 1991–93 politics of transition; post-conflict stabilisation involving national reconciliation conferences and elections. “Hadduu oday jiro, uu u ood rogo, abaaroodkana way orgootaa”. If there is an elder who looks after the herd, then animals will produce offspring even in the dry season (Somali proverb)
{"title":"Somaliland: the journey of resistance, reconciliation and peace.","authors":"Iqbal Jhazbhay","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54603","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the rise of the Somali National Movement (SNM), the trauma of resistance between northern, formerly British Somaliland, and the incumbent southern regime of General Mohammed Siad Barre, between 1984 and the collapse of that regime in 1991, and also revisits the Hargeisa, Somaliland, genocide of 1988. The year 1991 marked the move toward nation-statehood formation and the unilateral declaration of independence, interacting with the following interrelated socio-political dynamics: the reconciliation of Somaliland clans involving indigenous reconciliation initiatives of integrating tradition and modernity; interactions between the majority Isaaq clan and the minority clans; followed by the 1991–93 politics of transition; post-conflict stabilisation involving national reconciliation conferences and elections. “Hadduu oday jiro, uu u ood rogo, abaaroodkana way orgootaa”. If there is an elder who looks after the herd, then animals will produce offspring even in the dry season (Somali proverb)","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"17 1","pages":"50-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82806378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the influence of limited living space and privacy on children’s psychological functioning. The study invited 240 participants, of which 120 children were in the experimental group and 120 in the comparison group. The participants in the experimental group were recruited from communities facing living space and personal privacy challenges, while the participants in the comparison group came from privileged communities with relatively adequate living space. The children’s psychological functioning dimensions measured were anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, addictive and risk behaviours, delay of gratification, sexual risk behaviours, and perceptions of social support. The results showed that the two groups differed significantly in levels of anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, and addictive and risk behaviours. The findings of the study indicate the need to offer psychological support to children facing living space and privacy challenges. Implications for further studies in the area of housing and psychological wellbeing are discussed.
{"title":"Life with Limited Privacy due to Housing Challenges: Impact on Children’s Psychological Functioning","authors":"C. Gwandure","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54601","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of limited living space and privacy on children’s psychological functioning. The study invited 240 participants, of which 120 children were in the experimental group and 120 in the comparison group. The participants in the experimental group were recruited from communities facing living space and personal privacy challenges, while the participants in the comparison group came from privileged communities with relatively adequate living space. The children’s psychological functioning dimensions measured were anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, addictive and risk behaviours, delay of gratification, sexual risk behaviours, and perceptions of social support. The results showed that the two groups differed significantly in levels of anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, and addictive and risk behaviours. The findings of the study indicate the need to offer psychological support to children facing living space and privacy challenges. Implications for further studies in the area of housing and psychological wellbeing are discussed.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"18 1","pages":"30-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75345589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This pilot study assessed Mato-Oput5 (hereafter the curriculum), a new peace education curriculum, for indications of beneficial efficacy, specifically the capacity to reduce negative attitudes towards conflict and violence, and injury and violence rates. A cluster randomised control design was used. Three of the six purposively selected schools were exposed to the curriculum. Mato-Oput5 is a value-based, formalised curriculum taught by specifically trained teachers. Its learning areas include conflict, conscience, violence, non-violence, impulse control, anger management, kindness, forgiveness, empathy and reconciliation. The results showed the baseline and post-intervention bio-demographic characteristics of the treatment arms to be comparable, thus suggesting baseline group equivalence and randomisation success. The follow-up loss was 9%. The mean pre- and post-intervention intentional incident rates of the intervention and control groups were 270/1000 and 370/1000, and 190/1000 and 350/1000, respectively: these differences were not significant. The intervention had no effect on post-intervention intentional incident rates. There were indications of beneficial efficacy in the curriculum, especially its ability to cause attitude shifts in support of non-violence. Statistically significant behavioural effects were not detected although a downward rate trend was seen in the intervention group.
{"title":"Piloting an Educational Response to Violence in Uganda: Prospects for a New Curriculum","authors":"M. Mutto, K. Kahn, R. Lett, S. Lawoko","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I2.70415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I2.70415","url":null,"abstract":"This pilot study assessed Mato-Oput5 (hereafter the curriculum), a new peace education curriculum, for indications of beneficial efficacy, specifically the capacity to reduce negative attitudes towards conflict and violence, and injury and violence rates. A cluster randomised control design was used. Three of the six purposively selected schools were exposed to the curriculum. Mato-Oput5 is a value-based, formalised curriculum taught by specifically trained teachers. Its learning areas include conflict, conscience, violence, non-violence, impulse control, anger management, kindness, forgiveness, empathy and reconciliation. The results showed the baseline and post-intervention bio-demographic characteristics of the treatment arms to be comparable, thus suggesting baseline group equivalence and randomisation success. The follow-up loss was 9%. The mean pre- and post-intervention intentional incident rates of the intervention and control groups were 270/1000 and 370/1000, and 190/1000 and 350/1000, respectively: these differences were not significant. The intervention had no effect on post-intervention intentional incident rates. There were indications of beneficial efficacy in the curriculum, especially its ability to cause attitude shifts in support of non-violence. Statistically significant behavioural effects were not detected although a downward rate trend was seen in the intervention group.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"39 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83571360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report provides an overview of a research visit and planning meeting held at the Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare (MLBH) in Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America (US) in December 2008. The purpose of this meeting was for the invited participants to plan a longitudinal study around the working title: 'Understanding the positive mediating influences of faith, religion and spirituality on self-inflicted and interpersonal violence involving males in contexts of historical trauma: An inter- and intra-city comparison in South Africa and United States of America'.
{"title":"Building a Partnership to Address Violence in Three Historically Colonised Contexts: Report on Research Meeting in Memphis","authors":"S. Lazarus, T. Cutts","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54608","url":null,"abstract":"This report provides an overview of a research visit and planning meeting held at the Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare (MLBH) in Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America (US) in December 2008. The purpose of this meeting was for the invited participants to plan a longitudinal study around the working title: 'Understanding the positive mediating influences of faith, religion and spirituality on self-inflicted and interpersonal violence involving males in contexts of historical trauma: An inter- and intra-city comparison in South Africa and United States of America'.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"35 1","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85535237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
World Food Day highlights the human right of each person to food and provides a platform to increase awareness of the plight of the 850 million malnourished people around the world, most of whom live in developing countries and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Due to global warming and the bio-fuel boom, this number may even increase in the near future. Stemming from such information the aptly chosen theme for World Food Day 2008 was "Food security: the challenge of climate change and bio-energy".
{"title":"World Food Day: 16 October 2008","authors":"H. Laher, R. Lekoba","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54606","url":null,"abstract":"World Food Day highlights the human right of each person to food and provides a platform to increase awareness of the plight of the 850 million malnourished people around the world, most of whom live in developing countries and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. Due to global warming and the bio-fuel boom, this number may even increase in the near future. Stemming from such information the aptly chosen theme for World Food Day 2008 was \"Food security: the challenge of climate change and bio-energy\".","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"31 1","pages":"85-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86020597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The femoral shaft is the part of the femur that consists of compact bone. Fractures involving the femoral shaft are recognised as disabling injuries and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lower extremity injuries. This is because the fractures often result from high energy injuries and the injured patients frequently require help to be transported to hospital. This study reviewed the aetiology and agents of transportation in 69 patients who presented at the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, Nigeria, which is a low-income country (LIC). Most of the fractures resulted from road traffic crashes and the majority of the victims were transported by laymen, like drivers. It is believed that if basic training were to be given to this group of people, they would be useful in pre-hospital care in Nigeria’s situation.
{"title":"The aetiology and agents of pre-hospital transportation of patients with femoral shaft fractures","authors":"R. O. Ayorinde","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54604","url":null,"abstract":"The femoral shaft is the part of the femur that consists of compact bone. Fractures involving the femoral shaft are recognised as disabling injuries and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with lower extremity injuries. This is because the fractures often result from high energy injuries and the injured patients frequently require help to be transported to hospital. This study reviewed the aetiology and agents of transportation in 69 patients who presented at the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, Nigeria, which is a low-income country (LIC). Most of the fractures resulted from road traffic crashes and the majority of the victims were transported by laymen, like drivers. It is believed that if basic training were to be given to this group of people, they would be useful in pre-hospital care in Nigeria’s situation.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"189 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74511935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Injury is a significant public health concern that has received limited attention in Africa. There is in particular a lack of data regarding injury and its social correlates among in-school adolescents in Botswana. This article discusses how cross-sectional data from the 2005 Botswana Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) were analysed with the aim of estimating the incidence and social correlates of serious injury. Results indicated that of the 2 197 students, 65.8% (68.1% among boys and 63.8% among girls) had sustained at least one serious injury during the previous 12 months. Variables positively associated with the outcome of serious injury during the past 12 months in univariate analysis were current smoking, current alcohol use, excessive drinking, illicit drug use, truancy, bullied and having gone hungry, while in multivariate analysis being bullied, having gone hungry and truancy remained associated with serious injury during the past 12 months.
{"title":"Prevalence and Social Correlates of Injury Among In-School Adolescents in Botswana","authors":"K. Pl","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I1.54598","url":null,"abstract":"Injury is a significant public health concern that has received limited attention in Africa. There is in particular a lack of data regarding injury and its social correlates among in-school adolescents in Botswana. This article discusses how cross-sectional data from the 2005 Botswana Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) were analysed with the aim of estimating the incidence and social correlates of serious injury. Results indicated that of the 2 197 students, 65.8% (68.1% among boys and 63.8% among girls) had sustained at least one serious injury during the previous 12 months. Variables positively associated with the outcome of serious injury during the past 12 months in univariate analysis were current smoking, current alcohol use, excessive drinking, illicit drug use, truancy, bullied and having gone hungry, while in multivariate analysis being bullied, having gone hungry and truancy remained associated with serious injury during the past 12 months.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87649915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This book explores why the world does not react to a crisis that we know will continue year after year. Seasonal hunger is caused by annual cycles of shrinking food Other CABI sites ISBN : 9780745328263 Record Number : 20093131647 Publisher : Pluto Press Location of publication : London Country of publication : UK Language of text : English Language of summary : English Indexing terms for this abstract: Organism descriptor(s) : man Descriptor(s) : food prices, foods, hunger, low income, low income groups, poverty starvation Identifier(s) : Nyasaland, subsaharan Africa Geographical Location(s) : Africa South of Sahara, India, Malawi, Niger Broader term(s) : Homo, Hominidae, primates, mammals, vertebrates, Chordata, eukaryotes, Commonwealth of Nations, Developing Countries, South Asia, Asia, ACP Countries Anglophone Africa, Africa, East Africa, Africa South of Sahara, Least Developed Countries Countries, Francophone Africa, West Africa stocks, rising prices and lack of income. This hidden hunger pushes millions of children to the brink of starvation, permanently stunting their development, weakening their immune systems and opening the door for killer diseases. This book documents seasonal hunger in 3 countries India, Malawi and Niger including personal stories and country-wide data which show the magnitude of the problem. It should be required reading for all development professionals political leaders, officials, those who work in governments, aid agencies and non-government organizations, academics, researchers, teachers, local leaders and others all who are committed to the fight against poverty.
{"title":"Seasons of Hunger: Fighting Cycles of Quiet Starvation Among the World’s Rural Poor","authors":"C. V. Z. Schalekamp","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V7I2.54595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V7I2.54595","url":null,"abstract":"This book explores why the world does not react to a crisis that we know will continue year after year. Seasonal hunger is caused by annual cycles of shrinking food Other CABI sites ISBN : 9780745328263 Record Number : 20093131647 Publisher : Pluto Press Location of publication : London Country of publication : UK Language of text : English Language of summary : English Indexing terms for this abstract: Organism descriptor(s) : man Descriptor(s) : food prices, foods, hunger, low income, low income groups, poverty starvation Identifier(s) : Nyasaland, subsaharan Africa Geographical Location(s) : Africa South of Sahara, India, Malawi, Niger Broader term(s) : Homo, Hominidae, primates, mammals, vertebrates, Chordata, eukaryotes, Commonwealth of Nations, Developing Countries, South Asia, Asia, ACP Countries Anglophone Africa, Africa, East Africa, Africa South of Sahara, Least Developed Countries Countries, Francophone Africa, West Africa stocks, rising prices and lack of income. This hidden hunger pushes millions of children to the brink of starvation, permanently stunting their development, weakening their immune systems and opening the door for killer diseases. This book documents seasonal hunger in 3 countries India, Malawi and Niger including personal stories and country-wide data which show the magnitude of the problem. It should be required reading for all development professionals political leaders, officials, those who work in governments, aid agencies and non-government organizations, academics, researchers, teachers, local leaders and others all who are committed to the fight against poverty.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89927376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 4th Asian Regional Conference on Safe Communities was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 21 to 24 November 2007.
第四届亚洲安全社区区域会议于2007年11月21日至24日在泰国曼谷举行。
{"title":"4th Asian regional conference on safe communities, Bangkok, Thailand","authors":"H. Laher, Ursula Lau","doi":"10.4314/asp.v6i1.31656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/asp.v6i1.31656","url":null,"abstract":"The 4th Asian Regional Conference on Safe Communities was held in Bangkok, Thailand, from 21 to 24 November 2007.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75792574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on truth and reconciliation","authors":"H. Gohain","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V3I1.31625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V3I1.31625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90299679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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