In 2002, the MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme initiated a project that aimed to collate information on the practices of international and national schools-based violence prevention initiatives by means of reviewing existing literature and surveying selected South African programmes. The results of this project were presented in the form of a report that identifies some of the possibilities and potential pitfalls of developing, implementing and sustaining schools-based violence prevention programmes. A consolidated manual was also developed to provide practical guidelines for programme practitioners. This article describes how the conceptual framework and findings of the report were adapted to formulate a sequence of essential domains to be considered when devising a holistic schools-based violence prevention strategy, namely: content; planning; implementation and service delivery practicalities; evaluation; sustainability; diffusion; and replication. The stages of these domains are discussed and an overview is provided of the broad challenges and lessons learnt from local programmes are intended to assist both practitioners engaged in schools-based violence prevention, as well as those involved in psychosocial and development programmes more broadly.
{"title":"Schools-based violence prevention initiatives : lessons for programme design","authors":"Tanya M. Swart, Garth Stevens, Sarah Mackenzie","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I1.31630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I1.31630","url":null,"abstract":"In 2002, the MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme initiated a project that aimed to collate information on the practices of international and national schools-based violence prevention initiatives by means of reviewing existing literature and surveying selected South African programmes. The results of this project were presented in the form of a report that identifies some of the possibilities and potential pitfalls of developing, implementing and sustaining schools-based violence prevention programmes. A consolidated manual was also developed to provide practical guidelines for programme practitioners. This article describes how the conceptual framework and findings of the report were adapted to formulate a sequence of essential domains to be considered when devising a holistic schools-based violence prevention strategy, namely: content; planning; implementation and service delivery practicalities; evaluation; sustainability; diffusion; and replication. The stages of these domains are discussed and an overview is provided of the broad challenges and lessons learnt from local programmes are intended to assist both practitioners engaged in schools-based violence prevention, as well as those involved in psychosocial and development programmes more broadly.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"66 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73504335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Operation Murambatsvina (English: Operation Drive Out Rubbish), also officially known as Operation Restore Order, was a campaign by Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwean government to forcibly clear slum areas across the country. The campaign started in 2005 and according to United Nations estimates has affected at least 700,000 people directly through loss of their home or livelihood. Robert Mugabe and other government officials characterize the operation as a crackdown against illegal housing and commercial activities, and as an effort to reduce the risk of the spread of infectious disease in these areas. However, the campaign was met with harsh condemnation from Zimbabwean opposition parties, church groups, non-governmental organizations, and the wider international community. The United Nations has described the campaign as an effort to drive out and make homeless large sections of the urban and rural poor, who comprise much of the internal opposition to the Mugabe administration.
{"title":"Operation Murambatsvina: Impact on psychological functioning of the survivors","authors":"C. Gwandure","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31642","url":null,"abstract":"Operation Murambatsvina (English: Operation Drive Out Rubbish), also officially known as Operation Restore Order, was a campaign by Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwean government to forcibly clear slum areas across the country. The campaign started in 2005 and according to United Nations estimates has affected at least 700,000 people directly through loss of their home or livelihood. Robert Mugabe and other government officials characterize the operation as a crackdown against illegal housing and commercial activities, and as an effort to reduce the risk of the spread of infectious disease in these areas. However, the campaign was met with harsh condemnation from Zimbabwean opposition parties, church groups, non-governmental organizations, and the wider international community. The United Nations has described the campaign as an effort to drive out and make homeless large sections of the urban and rural poor, who comprise much of the internal opposition to the Mugabe administration.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"10 1","pages":"51-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77989790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus of the conference was on safety promotion and injury reduction at the school and community levels. It gave partners of the International Safe Schools and Safe Communities the opportunity to share their knowledge and experiences in the field and to network and strengthen collaborations. The conference opened with two keynote addresses, the first by Prof. Leif Svanstrom on the "State of International Safe Communities - now adding sectors", and the second by Max Vosskuhler on the "State of International Safe Schools".
{"title":"Safety comes to Sedona: International safe schools and safe communities conference","authors":"L. Swart","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31646","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the conference was on safety promotion and injury reduction at the school and community levels. It gave partners of the International Safe Schools and Safe Communities the opportunity to share their knowledge and experiences in the field and to network and strengthen collaborations. The conference opened with two keynote addresses, the first by Prof. Leif Svanstrom on the \"State of International Safe Communities - now adding sectors\", and the second by Max Vosskuhler on the \"State of International Safe Schools\".","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"13 1","pages":"116-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74872145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Christie, H. Ward, R. Kimberlee, E. Towner, R. Thoreau
The United Kingdom is unique in having a national target to reduce injuries among deprived communities. Between 2004 and 2007, the UK government led the Neighborhood Road Safety Initiative to tackle the significantly higher incidence of road traffic injury among disadvantaged communities, especially among children. The 17,000,000 pound initiative involved 15 municipalities in the UK, all classified as deprived with high pedestrian casualty rates. Mixed method research was used to provide baseline information on road traffic injury risk factors for children in deprived communities. The results indicated that children were particularly at risk for road traffic injury as pedestrians and cyclists -- especially during leisure time -- when playing or hanging out in the street. Lower than average seatbelt wearing rates were reported by children, particularly among ethnic minority children. Cycle helmet wearing rates were also low. Parents perceived their neighborhood to be hazardous for children due to the illegal behavior of drivers and riders, antisocial behavior related to gangs, bullies, stranger-danger and the environmental threat caused by dogs, alcohol, and drug abuse. Alternatives to street recreation such as parks were viewed as inaccessible and at times unsafe. Leisure facilities such as clubs were viewed as poor and inaccessible. Inadequate parental supervision was also identified as a risk factor for child traffic injury. Many of these views were supported by the wider community. These risk factors could be addressed through a range of approaches involving partnership with the community and agencies responsible for urban planning, education, engineering, youth services, community safety and leisure facilities.
{"title":"The United Kingdom Neighbourhood Road Safety Initiative: Baseline Results on Risk Factors for Children in Deprived Communities","authors":"N. Christie, H. Ward, R. Kimberlee, E. Towner, R. Thoreau","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31641","url":null,"abstract":"The United Kingdom is unique in having a national target to reduce injuries among deprived communities. Between 2004 and 2007, the UK government led the Neighborhood Road Safety Initiative to tackle the significantly higher incidence of road traffic injury among disadvantaged communities, especially among children. The 17,000,000 pound initiative involved 15 municipalities in the UK, all classified as deprived with high pedestrian casualty rates. Mixed method research was used to provide baseline information on road traffic injury risk factors for children in deprived communities. The results indicated that children were particularly at risk for road traffic injury as pedestrians and cyclists -- especially during leisure time -- when playing or hanging out in the street. Lower than average seatbelt wearing rates were reported by children, particularly among ethnic minority children. Cycle helmet wearing rates were also low. Parents perceived their neighborhood to be hazardous for children due to the illegal behavior of drivers and riders, antisocial behavior related to gangs, bullies, stranger-danger and the environmental threat caused by dogs, alcohol, and drug abuse. Alternatives to street recreation such as parks were viewed as inaccessible and at times unsafe. Leisure facilities such as clubs were viewed as poor and inaccessible. Inadequate parental supervision was also identified as a risk factor for child traffic injury. Many of these views were supported by the wider community. These risk factors could be addressed through a range of approaches involving partnership with the community and agencies responsible for urban planning, education, engineering, youth services, community safety and leisure facilities.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"1 1","pages":"42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90290780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Violence is a significant public health problem in South Africa. Despite an increasing focus on the effects of violence in the country, very little research has been applied to determining its health economic effects. As part of a call for such measurement, this article provides an overview of the current literature on such economic effects. It also presents a number of studies that have documented, but not translated, the psychosocial impact of violence on workers into the economic measures in a selected range of sectors in South Africa. The article concludes with a set of concrete recommendations for the design and implementation of a group of interrelated studies. That would better serve to measure and describe the impact of violence on South Africa's emerging economy.
{"title":"An overview of the economic burden and workforce effects of violence in South Africa","authors":"B. Bowman, M. Seedat, Richard Matzopoulos","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31640","url":null,"abstract":"Violence is a significant public health problem in South Africa. Despite an increasing focus on the effects of violence in the country, very little research has been applied to determining its health economic effects. As part of a call for such measurement, this article provides an overview of the current literature on such economic effects. It also presents a number of studies that have documented, but not translated, the psychosocial impact of violence on workers into the economic measures in a selected range of sectors in South Africa. The article concludes with a set of concrete recommendations for the design and implementation of a group of interrelated studies. That would better serve to measure and describe the impact of violence on South Africa's emerging economy.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"54 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84818750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hutt, A. B. As, L. Wallis, A. Numanoğlu, A. Millar, H. Rode
{"title":"Gunshot wounds in children: epidemiology and outcome","authors":"J. Hutt, A. B. As, L. Wallis, A. Numanoğlu, A. Millar, H. Rode","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V2I2.31606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V2I2.31606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"66 1","pages":"4-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75699334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The final meeting of researchers collaborating on the joint research under the National Research Foundation (NRF) South African-Swedish research partnership programme on Injury Surveillance Data Utility and Impact : Developing the Injury Data, Prevention, Policy and Practice Nexus took place in Boras, Sweden from 22 to 23 May 2007.
{"title":"Seminar and site visit to Boras, Sweden","authors":"J. Gouveia","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31647","url":null,"abstract":"The final meeting of researchers collaborating on the joint research under the National Research Foundation (NRF) South African-Swedish research partnership programme on Injury Surveillance Data Utility and Impact : Developing the Injury Data, Prevention, Policy and Practice Nexus took place in Boras, Sweden from 22 to 23 May 2007.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"36 1","pages":"118-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79302253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Responding to the lack of information on the selection and training of home visitors in the injury prevention sector, this article evaluates a training curriculum provides paraprofessionals with the requisite knowledge and skills to deliver childhood injury prevention home visiting services in four low income neighborhoods in South Africa. Pre and post training measures were used to determine the effectiveness of the training. Measures of demographic and personality characteristics were used to examine the relationship between trainee characteristics and: 1) training outcomes; and 2)commitment to the home visiting project. Trainees' performance improved significantly for safety information dissemination and closure of the home visit, but there were no improvements for introduction of the home visits and gathering of injury risk information. Training outcomes were related to education level and qualities such as warmth and enthusiasm. commitment was related to qualities such as trust and preference for teamwork. Our professional home visits, may have potential for child injury reduction provided staff recruitment, training and support are adequately addressed.
{"title":"Training and selection of paraprofessional home visitors for injury prevention in low-income neighbourhood","authors":"L. Swart, M. Seedat","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31645","url":null,"abstract":"Responding to the lack of information on the selection and training of home visitors in the injury prevention sector, this article evaluates a training curriculum provides paraprofessionals with the requisite knowledge and skills to deliver childhood injury prevention home visiting services in four low income neighborhoods in South Africa. Pre and post training measures were used to determine the effectiveness of the training. Measures of demographic and personality characteristics were used to examine the relationship between trainee characteristics and: 1) training outcomes; and 2)commitment to the home visiting project. Trainees' performance improved significantly for safety information dissemination and closure of the home visit, but there were no improvements for introduction of the home visits and gathering of injury risk information. Training outcomes were related to education level and qualities such as warmth and enthusiasm. commitment was related to qualities such as trust and preference for teamwork. Our professional home visits, may have potential for child injury reduction provided staff recruitment, training and support are adequately addressed.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"16 1","pages":"98-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75090271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article draws on theoretical insights into the link between health, religeon, and religious traditions in contexts that have been deeply compromised by violence and trauma. It argues for the critical importance of understanding and making visible the agency of those who struggle to maintain or gain health in contexts that are often resource deprived and conflicted in many ways. It presents the same argument for the capacity of such people to use this agency for further leverage the religious "assets" upon which they often draw for transforming the conditions that produce ill-health. The term "assets" is related to an approach to health and its social determinants that stresses, "what people already have" in local contexts, however deprived, rather than "what they don't have". It is allied with people-centered, asset-based development theory. Following this understanding, the discussion focuses on the notion of "healthworlds"; the embodiment of healthworlds; and the contribution of religeous entities to an adequate public health response to interpersonal violence.
{"title":"Violence, religion and the use and abuse of healthworlds","authors":"J. Cochrane","doi":"10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ASP.V5I2.31638","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on theoretical insights into the link between health, religeon, and religious traditions in contexts that have been deeply compromised by violence and trauma. It argues for the critical importance of understanding and making visible the agency of those who struggle to maintain or gain health in contexts that are often resource deprived and conflicted in many ways. It presents the same argument for the capacity of such people to use this agency for further leverage the religious \"assets\" upon which they often draw for transforming the conditions that produce ill-health. The term \"assets\" is related to an approach to health and its social determinants that stresses, \"what people already have\" in local contexts, however deprived, rather than \"what they don't have\". It is allied with people-centered, asset-based development theory. Following this understanding, the discussion focuses on the notion of \"healthworlds\"; the embodiment of healthworlds; and the contribution of religeous entities to an adequate public health response to interpersonal violence.","PeriodicalId":41085,"journal":{"name":"African Safety Promotion","volume":"85 1","pages":"5-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77019373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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