Progress in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

Capturing CO₂ from air (DAC) is becoming an attractive technological route to face the climate crisis. This paper reviews the existing research efforts to integrate DAC with conversion technologies to transform the captured CO₂ into chemicals or fuels. The approach can potentially lead to net zero carbon emissions, thus being of interest in a circular economy framework. A growing amount of research has been devoted to the combination of DAC with CO₂ conversion, leading to creative strategies which start to be scaled up. In this review, we have critically analysed the existing approaches by the degree of process integration. From the point of view of process intensification, the integration of both capture and reaction in the same vessel can potentially lead to equipment and energy cost savings besides other synergistic effects. In this vessel, the DAC and conversion can occur either in consecutive stages with change of feed or spontaneously in a cascade reaction without changing the conditions. As a side effect, the benefits entailed by process intensification in different levels of integration may be a decisive driving force for the widespread deployment of DAC. This paper discusses the ongoing research and perspectives to guide researchers in this promising new field.

The investigation of shock compression in highly exothermic inorganic powder mixtures leading to reaction has been a subject of interest for several decades. In particular, understanding the processes occurring within the time scale of the high-pressure shock state, resulting in the formation of new materials and phases, has garnered significant attention. Chemical reactions in shock-compressed media are generally categorized based on their time scale: i) shock-induced chemical reactions occur in the shock front or shortly behind it (in the stress pulse) during the time scale of mechanical equilibration (<1 μs), and ii) shock-assisted chemical reactions occur on the longer time scale of bulk temperature equilibration (>10 μs) after the state of stress has been released. It is worth noting that a solid-state detonation wave involves a type of combustion with a supersonic exothermic front that accelerates through a medium, ultimately supporting the leading shock front. While extensive discussions have focused on shock-induced and shock-assisted reactions, as well as the solid-state detonation, certain questions regarding the possibility of i) shock-induced reactions occurring within the time scale of high-pressure shock state, and ii) chemical reactions occurring promptly enough after the shock wave to sustain a detonation wave (ultra-fast gasless reactions), remained unanswered. In this paper, we provide a brief review of shock compression of reactive heterogeneous media, with a particular emphasis on recent experimental studies. We critically address the chemical reactions occurring within these material systems and the underlying mechanisms, supported by in-situ and ex-situ experimental evidences. Specifically, our primary focus lies on the aluminum-nickel and the metal nitride-boron systems. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the shock-induced reactions can occur in the time scale of the propagated shock wave and can be explained by the mechanically induced thermal explosion phenomena. However, the observed phenomena so far cannot be attributed to solid-state detonation, since they cannot result in a self-sustained mode of shock wave propagation.

Thermal energy storage (TES) is increasingly important due to the demand-supply challenge caused by the intermittency of renewable energy and waste heat dissipation to the environment. This paper discusses the fundamentals and novel applications of TES materials and identifies appropriate TES materials for particular applications. The selection and ranking of suitable materials are discussed through multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques considering chemical, technical, economic and thermal performance. The recent advancements in TES materials, including their development, performance and applications are discussed in detail. Such materials show enhanced thermal conductivity, reduced supercooling, and the advantage of having multiple phase change temperatures (cascade PCMs). Nano-enhanced PCMs have found the thermal conductivity enhancement of up to 32% but the latent heat is also reduced by up to 32%. MXene is a recently developed 2D nanomaterial with enhanced electrochemical properties showing thermal conductivity and efficiency up to 16% and 94% respectively. Shape-stabilized PCMs are able to enhance the heat transfer rate several times (3–10 times) and are found to be best suited for solar collector and PV-based heat recovery systems. Cascade and molten slats PCMs find their best applications in the thermal management of buildings and the power sector (concentrated solar plants). Microencapsulated, nanoPCMs and shape-stabilized PCMs effectively reduce the supercooling of hydrated salts. The recent trends of TES materials in various applications, including building, industrial, power, food storage, smart textiles, thermal management, and desalination are also briefly discussed. Finally, future research in advanced energy storage materials is also addressed in this study, which is intended to help create new insights that will revolutionize the thermal management field.

Transportation electrification is a promising solution to meet the ever-rising energy demand and realize sustainable development. Lithium-ion batteries, being the most predominant energy storage devices, directly affect the safety, comfort, driving range, and reliability of many electric mobilities. Nevertheless, thermal-related issues of batteries such as potential thermal runaway, performance degradation at low temperatures, and accelerated aging still hinder the wider adoption of electric mobilities. To ensure safe, efficient, and reliable operations of lithium-ion batteries, monitoring their thermal states is critical to safety protection, performance optimization, as well as prognostics, and health management. Given insufficient onboard temperature sensors and their inability to measure battery internal temperature, accurate and timely temperature estimation is of particular importance to thermal state monitoring. Toward this end, this paper provides a comprehensive review of temperature estimation techniques in battery systems regarding their mechanism, framework, and representative studies. The potential metrics used to characterize battery thermal states are discussed in detail at first considering the spatiotemporal attributes of battery temperature, and the strengths and weaknesses of applying such metrics in battery management are also analyzed. Afterward, various temperature estimation methods, including impedance/resistance-based, thermal model-based, and data-driven estimations, are elucidated, analyzed, and compared in terms of their strengths, limitations, and potential improvements. Finally, the key challenges to battery thermal state monitoring in real applications are identified, and future opportunities for removing these barriers are presented and discussed.