The Spirit is the coequal Person with other Persons of the Father and the Son, and in the practical dimension it was called frequently, nevertheless, it inclines to be abstracted and senseless and to be only a feeling of self-confidence and psychologized. After an independent exegesis on Pr. 8:22-23 referring to Isa. 11:1ff., this author advocates that the Wisdom is attributed to the Spirit in accordance with Theophilus of Antioch and Irenaeus; paralleling with the modern creation pneumatology by Jürgen Moltmann, this research is to propose a Wisdom-oriented holistic pneumatology.
{"title":"A Wisdom-Penumatology in Exegetical, Historical and Pastoral","authors":"Tiantang Ren","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.312","url":null,"abstract":"The Spirit is the coequal Person with other Persons of the Father and the Son, and in the practical dimension it was called frequently, nevertheless, it inclines to be abstracted and senseless and to be only a feeling of self-confidence and psychologized. After an independent exegesis on Pr. 8:22-23 referring to Isa. 11:1ff., this author advocates that the Wisdom is attributed to the Spirit in accordance with Theophilus of Antioch and Irenaeus; paralleling with the modern creation pneumatology by Jürgen Moltmann, this research is to propose a Wisdom-oriented holistic pneumatology.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70044318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the icon of “Our lady of China”, which was initiated in the early 20th century, to explore the possibility of an alternative visual modernity that mixed together Chinese and western visual cultures as a new one. Through examination of the patronage and reception of its earlier model of “Our lady of Donglü”, this paper concentrates on the beginning of the encountering of traditional and foreign cultures that exemplified by the icon in China during the early 20th century, to delve into the multiple social and historical contexts within which the modern ways of seeing were shaped in native China. The argument is that it is the 20th-century icon of “Our lady of China” that at last effectively visualized the specific Chinese notion of taking Madonna as “Mother Emperor”, which pursuit could trace back to the centuries-long Sinicization of the western icon of “Maria Regina”. The conclusion is that the icon of “Our lady of China” conveys both realistic and Christianized modernity, while at the same time it also distinguishes with several current typical narratives of modernity. In this sense, the icon of “Our lady of China” provides us a kind of so-called “alternative visual modernity” in the process of visual enlightenment in China in the early 20th century.
{"title":"Portraying Our Lady of China: An Alternative Visual Modernity in China","authors":"Dong Lihui","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.314","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the icon of “Our lady of China”, which was initiated in the early 20th century, to explore the possibility of an alternative visual modernity that mixed together Chinese and western visual cultures as a new one. Through examination of the patronage and reception of its earlier model of “Our lady of Donglü”, this paper concentrates on the beginning of the encountering of traditional and foreign cultures that exemplified by the icon in China during the early 20th century, to delve into the multiple social and historical contexts within which the modern ways of seeing were shaped in native China. The argument is that it is the 20th-century icon of “Our lady of China” that at last effectively visualized the specific Chinese notion of taking Madonna as “Mother Emperor”, which pursuit could trace back to the centuries-long Sinicization of the western icon of “Maria Regina”. The conclusion is that the icon of “Our lady of China” conveys both realistic and Christianized modernity, while at the same time it also distinguishes with several current typical narratives of modernity. In this sense, the icon of “Our lady of China” provides us a kind of so-called “alternative visual modernity” in the process of visual enlightenment in China in the early 20th century.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42960070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cosmopolitanism is an ideal, not a reality. It's a decentralized theory, not a systematic theory. It has many different names. From the ancient to the modern times, it has been increasingly perfect and close to realization. It has been partially fulfilled in the world. Confucius once advocated "great harmony with the world". Sun Yat-sen carried forward the concept of "the world for the common good"，and he absorbed the "universal ideas" of Western socialists. The idea of "world government" was formed in recent times. It was the ideal of our sages to organize a "union of sovereign states" to jointly maintain peace and eliminate war. This article is just to sort out the idea of the unity of the world, without any practical suggestions. This is a theoretical idea, not a practical one. Chinese scholars in modern times studied western ideas and then used them to examine Chinese classics to find new ideas. By combing through old papers, they gained a lot and were able to enlighten the people. We should have a grand vision, facing the world more advanced thinkers broad spirit.
{"title":"Chinese Cultural Tradition and Cosmopolitanism","authors":"AN Ximeng","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.318","url":null,"abstract":"Cosmopolitanism is an ideal, not a reality. It's a decentralized theory, not a systematic theory. It has many different names. From the ancient to the modern times, it has been increasingly perfect and close to realization. It has been partially fulfilled in the world. Confucius once advocated \"great harmony with the world\". Sun Yat-sen carried forward the concept of \"the world for the common good\"，and he absorbed the \"universal ideas\" of Western socialists. The idea of \"world government\" was formed in recent times. It was the ideal of our sages to organize a \"union of sovereign states\" to jointly maintain peace and eliminate war. This article is just to sort out the idea of the unity of the world, without any practical suggestions. This is a theoretical idea, not a practical one. Chinese scholars in modern times studied western ideas and then used them to examine Chinese classics to find new ideas. By combing through old papers, they gained a lot and were able to enlighten the people. We should have a grand vision, facing the world more advanced thinkers broad spirit.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on the comparison between Augustine’s and Luther’s understanding of the bondage of the will. As a philosopher of will, Augustine establishes the independence of the will in his earlier work. In his debate with Julian of Eclanum that comes from his later period, Augustine emphasizes grace and original sin. The salvation and freedom of humans rely on the Holy Spirit. In the debate with Erasmus, Luther introduced the conception of the necessity of will. However, both thinkers have different understandings of faith. Augustine has an intellectual understanding of faith, while Luther is a fideist.
{"title":"Augustine and Martin Luther on Free Will","authors":"Teng He","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the comparison between Augustine’s and Luther’s understanding of the bondage of the will. As a philosopher of will, Augustine establishes the independence of the will in his earlier work. In his debate with Julian of Eclanum that comes from his later period, Augustine emphasizes grace and original sin. The salvation and freedom of humans rely on the Holy Spirit. In the debate with Erasmus, Luther introduced the conception of the necessity of will. However, both thinkers have different understandings of faith. Augustine has an intellectual understanding of faith, while Luther is a fideist.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a brand new attempt to examine the thoughts of the religious reformer Martin Luther and the Enlightenment thinker Rousseau from the grand vision of modernity. Although the ideological theories of the theologian Luther and the Enlightenment philosopher Rousseau are substantially different in terms of their own position and method, in the context of modernity, they two touch upon some key themes of the Enlightenment movement such as “reason”, “nature”, “autonomy”, “freedom”, “personality”, “belief” and etc., and have made a profound discussion. Meanwhile, they two have some reflective and critical insights into Enlightenment movement, which in turn provide useful enlightenment for thinking about the crisis of modernity in our times.
{"title":"Matin Luther and Rousseau in the light of Modernity","authors":"Shiying Zhang","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.317","url":null,"abstract":"It is a brand new attempt to examine the thoughts of the religious reformer Martin Luther and the Enlightenment thinker Rousseau from the grand vision of modernity. Although the ideological theories of the theologian Luther and the Enlightenment philosopher Rousseau are substantially different in terms of their own position and method, in the context of modernity, they two touch upon some key themes of the Enlightenment movement such as “reason”, “nature”, “autonomy”, “freedom”, “personality”, “belief” and etc., and have made a profound discussion. Meanwhile, they two have some reflective and critical insights into Enlightenment movement, which in turn provide useful enlightenment for thinking about the crisis of modernity in our times.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45974429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luther saw from his monastic ascetic experience and the corruption and external ostentation reflected in the sacraments of the Catholic Church at that time that Catholicism had not solved the most critical problem – “How can man continue to stand before God”,that is, the question of why humans can be justified.The doctrine of justification by faith is regarded as the cornerstone and yardstick of Luther's entire theology, the “sun that illuminates God's Holy Church,” and is concerned with the rise and fall of the entire church. This paper combs the historical background of Luther's Reformation and the five theological sources of the doctrine of justification by faith, expounds the essential attributes of "faith" and "justification" as well as the relationship between "faith" and "justification", and intends to make a more comprehensive and in-depth interpretation and analysis of Luther's core doctrine of justification by faith by using the current relatively new literature.
{"title":"Luther’s Reformatory Discovery: Justification by Faith","authors":"Zhao Weirong","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.315","url":null,"abstract":"Luther saw from his monastic ascetic experience and the corruption and external ostentation reflected in the sacraments of the Catholic Church at that time that Catholicism had not solved the most critical problem – “How can man continue to stand before God”,that is, the question of why humans can be justified.The doctrine of justification by faith is regarded as the cornerstone and yardstick of Luther's entire theology, the “sun that illuminates God's Holy Church,” and is concerned with the rise and fall of the entire church. This paper combs the historical background of Luther's Reformation and the five theological sources of the doctrine of justification by faith, expounds the essential attributes of \"faith\" and \"justification\" as well as the relationship between \"faith\" and \"justification\", and intends to make a more comprehensive and in-depth interpretation and analysis of Luther's core doctrine of justification by faith by using the current relatively new literature. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47771380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the midst of the dilemmas facing the history of contemporary Western theory, Martin Luther's concept of love and his theology of the Decalogue have been given more and more attention by more and more researchers. The interpretation of Luther's concept of love by the Finnish school in contemporary Lutheran studies has also been increasingly recognized. In this paper, we will discuss the interpretation of Luther's view of love by Mannermaa, the father of the Finnish school. The first two sections of the paper will deal with Luther's critique of the view of love ruled by the Greek philosophical tradition and the Catholic ‘theology of Glory’ in Mannermaa’s interpretation. The third section will introduce the important themes of faith and salvation in Luther's ‘theology of the Cross’ by discussing Mannermaa’s interpretation about love, thus highlighting the importance of the theme of love in theology. The last section will further discuss the inheritance of Luther's view of love and his theology in contemporary phenomenological philosophical thinking, which can then comprehensively show the important position of Luther in the history of contemporary theory and its research value.
{"title":"Two Kinds of Love: On the Interpretation of Luther's View of Love by the Finnish School Mannermaa","authors":"Ruixiang Li, P. Huang","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.309","url":null,"abstract":"In the midst of the dilemmas facing the history of contemporary Western theory, Martin Luther's concept of love and his theology of the Decalogue have been given more and more attention by more and more researchers. The interpretation of Luther's concept of love by the Finnish school in contemporary Lutheran studies has also been increasingly recognized. In this paper, we will discuss the interpretation of Luther's view of love by Mannermaa, the father of the Finnish school. The first two sections of the paper will deal with Luther's critique of the view of love ruled by the Greek philosophical tradition and the Catholic ‘theology of Glory’ in Mannermaa’s interpretation. The third section will introduce the important themes of faith and salvation in Luther's ‘theology of the Cross’ by discussing Mannermaa’s interpretation about love, thus highlighting the importance of the theme of love in theology. The last section will further discuss the inheritance of Luther's view of love and his theology in contemporary phenomenological philosophical thinking, which can then comprehensively show the important position of Luther in the history of contemporary theory and its research value.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47184281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The “Black Death” in the Middle Ages has become an painful memory of European society that cannot be erased. On the basis of inheriting the medical thought of ancient Greece, the Catholic Church extended its unique concept of epidemic prevention with the concept of Christian theology, and urged the Christian Church (Catholicism and Protestantism) to take medical epidemic prevention and improve the level of public health as an important means to spread the Christian gospel to the world after the religious reform. On one hand, it has expanded the influence and affinity of Christianity in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and on the other hand, it has promoted the development of modern medical and health care all over the world. It has also become a major force in building China’s modern medical and health system, and its influence continues to this day.
{"title":"The Theory and Practice of the Development of Healthcare and Epidemic Prevention in the Christian Church since the Middle Ages","authors":"Y. Tao","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.24.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.24.311","url":null,"abstract":"The “Black Death” in the Middle Ages has become an painful memory of European society that cannot be erased. On the basis of inheriting the medical thought of ancient Greece, the Catholic Church extended its unique concept of epidemic prevention with the concept of Christian theology, and urged the Christian Church (Catholicism and Protestantism) to take medical epidemic prevention and improve the level of public health as an important means to spread the Christian gospel to the world after the religious reform. On one hand, it has expanded the influence and affinity of Christianity in Asia, Africa and Latin America, and on the other hand, it has promoted the development of modern medical and health care all over the world. It has also become a major force in building China’s modern medical and health system, and its influence continues to this day.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Catholicism spread from foreign countries to China. Missionaries conformed to women’s role of "Social Marginality" at that time and adopted adaptive women's group missionary strategy, which provided suitable soil and favorable conditions for the formation of "Half the Sky" phenomenon of female believers. With further investigation, it is found that female believers are the main basis for the prosperity and sustainable development of the "Half the Sky" phenomenon, which is closely related to the special religious space that ancient women had under the positioning of "Social Marginality". Among the female believers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the most exemplary character is "Female Pillar" Candida Xu, who is well-known in both China and the West. Her historical records are the most comprehensive and detailed, making up for the collective "Aphasia" of female believers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to a certain extent. Candida Xu made full use of her different kind of free religious activity space, built a women's religious network with herself as the axis, and promoted the establishment of a sizable nursery for girls, which became a key part and an important support of "Half the Sky", and finally made outstanding contributions to the formation of "Half the Sky" of Catholicism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the expansion of its religious space.
{"title":"The Formation of \"Half the Sky\" of Catholicism in the Ming-Qing Dynasties and Its Religious Space: Take Candida Xu as Center","authors":"Jianxun Ji, Ying Yang","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.23.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.23.235","url":null,"abstract":"During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Catholicism spread from foreign countries to China. Missionaries conformed to women’s role of \"Social Marginality\" at that time and adopted adaptive women's group missionary strategy, which provided suitable soil and favorable conditions for the formation of \"Half the Sky\" phenomenon of female believers. With further investigation, it is found that female believers are the main basis for the prosperity and sustainable development of the \"Half the Sky\" phenomenon, which is closely related to the special religious space that ancient women had under the positioning of \"Social Marginality\". Among the female believers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the most exemplary character is \"Female Pillar\" Candida Xu, who is well-known in both China and the West. Her historical records are the most comprehensive and detailed, making up for the collective \"Aphasia\" of female believers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties to a certain extent. Candida Xu made full use of her different kind of free religious activity space, built a women's religious network with herself as the axis, and promoted the establishment of a sizable nursery for girls, which became a key part and an important support of \"Half the Sky\", and finally made outstanding contributions to the formation of \"Half the Sky\" of Catholicism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the expansion of its religious space.","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45660490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zha Changping saw the lack of true belief in traditional culture from the group loss of intellectuals and the humanistic spirit aphasia phenomenon of artistic criticism. He transformed the Christian humanistic tradition and founded the contemporary art criticism theory of "Humanist Criticism".This paper summarizes the ideological characteristics of the Christian humanism tradition after the Reformation and the core attention of the contemporary Christian humanism tradition.The article points out that the Humanist Criticism shows the tradition of Christian humanism after the Reformation, and its theme "the renewal of human nature" properly responds to the core concerns of the contemporary Christian humanism tradition.On this basis, this paper holds that "Humanist Criticism" is an attempt to transform the tradition of Christian humanism in the Chinese intelligentsia (especially in the field of contemporary art criticism).
{"title":"\"Humanist Criticism\": the contemporary transformation attempt of the Christian humanistic tradition","authors":"Shi Chenggang","doi":"10.37819/ijsws.23.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37819/ijsws.23.234","url":null,"abstract":"Zha Changping saw the lack of true belief in traditional culture from the group loss of intellectuals and the humanistic spirit aphasia phenomenon of artistic criticism. He transformed the Christian humanistic tradition and founded the contemporary art criticism theory of \"Humanist Criticism\".This paper summarizes the ideological characteristics of the Christian humanism tradition after the Reformation and the core attention of the contemporary Christian humanism tradition.The article points out that the Humanist Criticism shows the tradition of Christian humanism after the Reformation, and its theme \"the renewal of human nature\" properly responds to the core concerns of the contemporary Christian humanism tradition.On this basis, this paper holds that \"Humanist Criticism\" is an attempt to transform the tradition of Christian humanism in the Chinese intelligentsia (especially in the field of contemporary art criticism).","PeriodicalId":41113,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sino-Western Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48256473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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