Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-320-331
I. Kruk, O. V. Gordeenko, T. P. Kot, A. Markevich, W. Romaniuk
{"title":"IMPROVMENT OF PESTICIDE APPLICATION QUALITY IN WINDY WEATHER","authors":"I. Kruk, O. V. Gordeenko, T. P. Kot, A. Markevich, W. Romaniuk","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-320-331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-320-331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88862399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-312-319
O. Maslennikova, T. Shikhova
{"title":"PARAFASCIOLOPSOSIS INFESTATION OF YOUNG MOOSE (ALCES ALCES) DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS","authors":"O. Maslennikova, T. Shikhova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-312-319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-312-319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79142187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-279-295
A. Likhatsevich
. Based on the mathematical model of the crop, an algorithm for quantitative assessment of the agricultural risk for crops cultivated in specific soil and climatic conditions has been developed. Classification of agricultural risks according to crop losses is proposed, similar to the gradation adopted in the assessment of insurance payments, but more detailed. It has been established that quantitative indicators of agricultural risk do not depend on the level of crop nutrition, and for each year are determined only by precipitation and air temperatures during the active growing season. Calculations of agricultural risk for grain crops cultivated in Belarusian Polesye are made. Of the was obtained. Cultivation under weather conditions in 2006 and 2008 characterized as low-risk farming, and 2009 conditions should be attributed to high-risk barley cultivation. According to the average indicator of the risk rate of barley cultivation for five years of research, which amounted to 28.6 %, the region, in terms of its weather and climate conditions, corresponds to agriculture with an average risk. For winter triticale, out of four years of cultivation, one year (2007) can be characterized as critical in terms of heat and moisture supply during the growing season. Crop yield losses exceeded 50 %. In 2008, crop losses were in line with sustainable farming. Cultivation in 2006 for winter triticale was of a high risk, and in 2009 – low risk. On average for 4 years, the indicator of risk rate of cultivation of crops amounted to 28.1%. Consequently, for winter triticale, the region of Belarusian Polesye, in terms of its weather and climatic conditions, as well as for barley, corresponds to agriculture with an average risk.
{"title":"RISKS IN AGRICULTURE: ASSESSMENT OF INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE GRAIN CROPS YIELD IN BELARUSIAN POLESYE","authors":"A. Likhatsevich","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-279-295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-279-295","url":null,"abstract":". Based on the mathematical model of the crop, an algorithm for quantitative assessment of the agricultural risk for crops cultivated in specific soil and climatic conditions has been developed. Classification of agricultural risks according to crop losses is proposed, similar to the gradation adopted in the assessment of insurance payments, but more detailed. It has been established that quantitative indicators of agricultural risk do not depend on the level of crop nutrition, and for each year are determined only by precipitation and air temperatures during the active growing season. Calculations of agricultural risk for grain crops cultivated in Belarusian Polesye are made. Of the was obtained. Cultivation under weather conditions in 2006 and 2008 characterized as low-risk farming, and 2009 conditions should be attributed to high-risk barley cultivation. According to the average indicator of the risk rate of barley cultivation for five years of research, which amounted to 28.6 %, the region, in terms of its weather and climate conditions, corresponds to agriculture with an average risk. For winter triticale, out of four years of cultivation, one year (2007) can be characterized as critical in terms of heat and moisture supply during the growing season. Crop yield losses exceeded 50 %. In 2008, crop losses were in line with sustainable farming. Cultivation in 2006 for winter triticale was of a high risk, and in 2009 – low risk. On average for 4 years, the indicator of risk rate of cultivation of crops amounted to 28.1%. Consequently, for winter triticale, the region of Belarusian Polesye, in terms of its weather and climatic conditions, as well as for barley, corresponds to agriculture with an average risk.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81139267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-263-278
A. Pilipuk, G. Gusakov, A. I. Chaikouski, P. Rastorgouev, N. Karpovich, S. Makrak, I. Pochtovaya
. Original and elite seeds of agricultural plants are the basis for production of reproductive seeds and contribute to an increase in the production of vegetable products, providing raw materials to processing companies of the republic. Greenhouse varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops have a high potential, have a complex of economically valuable features and can occupy a certain niche in professional and especially amateur vegetable growing. However, implementation of the potential of the created varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is largely determined by the conditions of seed production. It has been determined, that the situation in the country is when over 85 % of the seeds of vegetable crops used for the production of vegetables are imported. At the same time, the production of the necessary volumes of seeds, which will ensure the standard production of vegetable products for consumption by the population and the manufacturing industry, is not only a factor in the development of the vegetable market, but also a condition for helping to guarantee the country’s food security. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify domestic selection and seed production in the vegetable sector. The article substantiates a practice-oriented system of measures for the development of the market of seeds of vegetable crops in the Republic of Belarus, including the following blocks of regulatory action: stimulating the development of the sphere of reproduction of vegetable seeds; improving the accounting of the movement of commodity flows in the market of vegetable seeds; integration of the country into the world system of commodity seed production of vegetable crops; ensuring traceability of seed turnover based on digitalization; development of an integrated technical and economic approach to the implementation of production activities; monitoring of the market of seeds of vegetable crops. The development contains a set of systematized tools, the use of which allows justifying effective management decisions in the field of agro-industrial complex for the effective formation of a favorable organizational and economic environment for the production and sale of competitive seeds of vegetable crops of domestic selection.
{"title":"SYSTEM OF MEASURES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VEGETABLE SEED MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS","authors":"A. Pilipuk, G. Gusakov, A. I. Chaikouski, P. Rastorgouev, N. Karpovich, S. Makrak, I. Pochtovaya","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-263-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-263-278","url":null,"abstract":". Original and elite seeds of agricultural plants are the basis for production of reproductive seeds and contribute to an increase in the production of vegetable products, providing raw materials to processing companies of the republic. Greenhouse varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops have a high potential, have a complex of economically valuable features and can occupy a certain niche in professional and especially amateur vegetable growing. However, implementation of the potential of the created varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops is largely determined by the conditions of seed production. It has been determined, that the situation in the country is when over 85 % of the seeds of vegetable crops used for the production of vegetables are imported. At the same time, the production of the necessary volumes of seeds, which will ensure the standard production of vegetable products for consumption by the population and the manufacturing industry, is not only a factor in the development of the vegetable market, but also a condition for helping to guarantee the country’s food security. In this regard, it is necessary to intensify domestic selection and seed production in the vegetable sector. The article substantiates a practice-oriented system of measures for the development of the market of seeds of vegetable crops in the Republic of Belarus, including the following blocks of regulatory action: stimulating the development of the sphere of reproduction of vegetable seeds; improving the accounting of the movement of commodity flows in the market of vegetable seeds; integration of the country into the world system of commodity seed production of vegetable crops; ensuring traceability of seed turnover based on digitalization; development of an integrated technical and economic approach to the implementation of production activities; monitoring of the market of seeds of vegetable crops. The development contains a set of systematized tools, the use of which allows justifying effective management decisions in the field of agro-industrial complex for the effective formation of a favorable organizational and economic environment for the production and sale of competitive seeds of vegetable crops of domestic selection.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85483667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-296-311
F. I. Privalov, A. A. Zaprudsky, D. V. Voytka, A. Yakovenko, D. F. Privalov
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS IN AGROCENOSIS OF FABA BEANS IN BELARUS","authors":"F. I. Privalov, A. A. Zaprudsky, D. V. Voytka, A. Yakovenko, D. F. Privalov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-296-311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-3-296-311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85031695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-135-145
S. Makrak
Development of the circular and green economy, including its individual areas, makes certain adjustments to the national management model, bringing the development of alternative energy sources to the forefront, taking into account the possibilities of their application in specific regions while respecting the effectiveness of commercial activities. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the use of fuel and energy resources in agriculture (2000–2020), gives a brief description of the existing installations in terms of energy types. Taking into account the peculiarities of alternative energy sources development (availability of a number of benefits when using alternative energy generation plants; quotas for the size of energy in the context of business entities; lack of recommendations on the establishment and distribution of limits, etc.) methodological provisions are proposed to substantiate the effective consumer of energy from alternative sources, which are based on scientifically sound approaches to assessing energy consumers within quotas, taking into account the importance of their products and with a focus on strengthening food security in conjunction with strengthening the energy security of regions. It has been determined that quotas should be considered as a method of increasing the efficiency of using alternative energy sources, which takes into account the effectiveness of the application of installations, transferred to the final product. The scientific novelty of the development lies in substantiation and development of scientific and theoretical provisions for the management of alternative energy sources at the regional level in relation to agricultural sectors in conjunction with other sectors of the economy, practical implementation of those will contribute to development of solutions agreed between individual economic entities for sustainable development of regions, taking into account formation of optimal levels of use of alternative energy sources.
{"title":"Regional Energy efficiency management of alternative energy sources in the context of strengthening food security of Republic of Belarus","authors":"S. Makrak","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-135-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-135-145","url":null,"abstract":"Development of the circular and green economy, including its individual areas, makes certain adjustments to the national management model, bringing the development of alternative energy sources to the forefront, taking into account the possibilities of their application in specific regions while respecting the effectiveness of commercial activities. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the use of fuel and energy resources in agriculture (2000–2020), gives a brief description of the existing installations in terms of energy types. Taking into account the peculiarities of alternative energy sources development (availability of a number of benefits when using alternative energy generation plants; quotas for the size of energy in the context of business entities; lack of recommendations on the establishment and distribution of limits, etc.) methodological provisions are proposed to substantiate the effective consumer of energy from alternative sources, which are based on scientifically sound approaches to assessing energy consumers within quotas, taking into account the importance of their products and with a focus on strengthening food security in conjunction with strengthening the energy security of regions. It has been determined that quotas should be considered as a method of increasing the efficiency of using alternative energy sources, which takes into account the effectiveness of the application of installations, transferred to the final product. The scientific novelty of the development lies in substantiation and development of scientific and theoretical provisions for the management of alternative energy sources at the regional level in relation to agricultural sectors in conjunction with other sectors of the economy, practical implementation of those will contribute to development of solutions agreed between individual economic entities for sustainable development of regions, taking into account formation of optimal levels of use of alternative energy sources. ","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80492522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-234-242
A. Ratko, Yu. V. Duko, V. V. Shevchuk
During operation of livestock complexes in small spaces, a large amount of animal excretions (feces, urine and undigested food) is generated, which can lead to air pollution, constant smell and release of toxic gases. With increase in productivity of complexes, complaints from residents of settlements located in the immediate vicinity of the facility increase, and pig breeding complexes in this case are no exception. Unpleasant odor is a powerful irritating factor having a significant negative impact on the life and health of people living near livestock complexes, which reduces their living standards. Often, the need to constantly monitor presence of unpleasant odor is the limiting factor for modification, expansion of existing pig farms or creation of new ones, as well as for increasing their productivity and profitability. In this research, studies were carried out for selection of chemical reagents composition for the purpose of deodorization and neutralization of liquid manure runoff at pig-breeding complex. It has been determined that composition based on ammonium persulfate with peracetic acid and formalin, as well as a composition based on sodium nitrite with ammonium molybdate (a high deodorizing effect was maintained after 21 days of exposure to the moment of introduction of reagents into manure) was the most preferable in terms of maintaining the disinfecting effect and suppressing bad odor over the long term. The manure mixtures obtained as a result of such treatment do not pose danger to the environment and can be used as the main component of complex organomineral fertilizers.
{"title":"Study of effect of pig manure treatment method on emission of odor-forming substances","authors":"A. Ratko, Yu. V. Duko, V. V. Shevchuk","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-234-242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-234-242","url":null,"abstract":"During operation of livestock complexes in small spaces, a large amount of animal excretions (feces, urine and undigested food) is generated, which can lead to air pollution, constant smell and release of toxic gases. With increase in productivity of complexes, complaints from residents of settlements located in the immediate vicinity of the facility increase, and pig breeding complexes in this case are no exception. Unpleasant odor is a powerful irritating factor having a significant negative impact on the life and health of people living near livestock complexes, which reduces their living standards. Often, the need to constantly monitor presence of unpleasant odor is the limiting factor for modification, expansion of existing pig farms or creation of new ones, as well as for increasing their productivity and profitability. In this research, studies were carried out for selection of chemical reagents composition for the purpose of deodorization and neutralization of liquid manure runoff at pig-breeding complex. It has been determined that composition based on ammonium persulfate with peracetic acid and formalin, as well as a composition based on sodium nitrite with ammonium molybdate (a high deodorizing effect was maintained after 21 days of exposure to the moment of introduction of reagents into manure) was the most preferable in terms of maintaining the disinfecting effect and suppressing bad odor over the long term. The manure mixtures obtained as a result of such treatment do not pose danger to the environment and can be used as the main component of complex organomineral fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75546508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-213-222
A. N. Mikhaljuk
In modern conditions, effective breeding work in animal husbandry is impossible without DNA technologies. The search for selective marker genes that determine the dairy productivity of animals allows us to more reliably assess the genetic potential of breeds, adjust breeding processes, and select animals of desirable genotypes. In the Republic of Belarus, almost no work was carried out to identify genetic markers that affect the fat content, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and as a result, the yield and quality of the finished product (butter). In this regard, a special interest is the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene, which determines the fat content. The paper presents a comparative assessment of the fatty acid composition and organoleptic properties of butter samples produced from the milk of cows of natural selection according to the gene marker of fatty milk diacylglycerol o-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1). The results of tests of the fatty acid composition of butter from cow’s milk obtained from cows of different breeds and pedigreed its balance, compliance with the established values for volatile and unsaturated fatty acids, absence of phytosterols and adulteration of the fatty phase of the oil were emphasised. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the use of the results obtained to carry out targeted breeding of dairy cattle according to the gene marker of fat content of diacylglycerol o-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1) in order to increase the mass fraction of fat in milk and the yield of the finished product, as well as to improve the technology of making butter from cow’s milk and the formation of an evidence base in case of disagreement when evaluating the fatty acid composition of the product.
{"title":"Effect of the fatty acid marker gene diacylglycerol o-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1) on the fatty acid composition and organoleptic properties of samples of butter produced from the milk of domestic breeds of cows","authors":"A. N. Mikhaljuk","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-213-222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-213-222","url":null,"abstract":"In modern conditions, effective breeding work in animal husbandry is impossible without DNA technologies. The search for selective marker genes that determine the dairy productivity of animals allows us to more reliably assess the genetic potential of breeds, adjust breeding processes, and select animals of desirable genotypes. In the Republic of Belarus, almost no work was carried out to identify genetic markers that affect the fat content, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and as a result, the yield and quality of the finished product (butter). In this regard, a special interest is the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene, which determines the fat content. The paper presents a comparative assessment of the fatty acid composition and organoleptic properties of butter samples produced from the milk of cows of natural selection according to the gene marker of fatty milk diacylglycerol o-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1). The results of tests of the fatty acid composition of butter from cow’s milk obtained from cows of different breeds and pedigreed its balance, compliance with the established values for volatile and unsaturated fatty acids, absence of phytosterols and adulteration of the fatty phase of the oil were emphasised. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the use of the results obtained to carry out targeted breeding of dairy cattle according to the gene marker of fat content of diacylglycerol o-acyl transferase 1 (DGAT1) in order to increase the mass fraction of fat in milk and the yield of the finished product, as well as to improve the technology of making butter from cow’s milk and the formation of an evidence base in case of disagreement when evaluating the fatty acid composition of the product.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"64 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83625590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-160-170
E. Urban, S. Hardzei, D. U. Artjukh, I. S. Hardzei
At the present stage of science development, breeding of new varieties of plants using modern, including molecular methods, is one of the main links in the intensification of the agricultural industry. Rye is no exception in this respect. This is a traditional strategic crop for Belarus, that largely determines the country’s food security. In the paper, in a historical context, the main achievements in breeding of rye varieties for different uses are outlined. The main approaches are described, including: screening of the world diversity of winter rye in the conditions of Belarus; use of methods of experimental polyploidy, hybridization, stabilizing selection, molecular-genetic methods and techniques. Development and application of modern methods have allowed a number of genetic mechanisms and regularities to be discovered, which, in turn, has significantly increased the efficiency of rye breeding in different directions (population and heterosis). At present, RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming”, State Scientific Institution “Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the NAS of Belarus”, as well as jointly with other institutions have developed new breeding methods, including molecular-genetic ones, which is especially important for increasing the efficiency of obtaining competitive varieties. Significant results have been achieved on the use of the effect of heterosis based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To date, a system of highly productive competitive rye varieties has been created for soils of different levels of fertility: population tetraploid and diploid, as well as F1 hybrids – LoBel-103, Galinka, Plisa, and Belgi.
{"title":"Directions, methods and results of rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding in Belarus","authors":"E. Urban, S. Hardzei, D. U. Artjukh, I. S. Hardzei","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-160-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-160-170","url":null,"abstract":"At the present stage of science development, breeding of new varieties of plants using modern, including molecular methods, is one of the main links in the intensification of the agricultural industry. Rye is no exception in this respect. This is a traditional strategic crop for Belarus, that largely determines the country’s food security. In the paper, in a historical context, the main achievements in breeding of rye varieties for different uses are outlined. The main approaches are described, including: screening of the world diversity of winter rye in the conditions of Belarus; use of methods of experimental polyploidy, hybridization, stabilizing selection, molecular-genetic methods and techniques. Development and application of modern methods have allowed a number of genetic mechanisms and regularities to be discovered, which, in turn, has significantly increased the efficiency of rye breeding in different directions (population and heterosis). At present, RUE “Scientific and Practical Center of the NAS of Belarus for Arable Farming”, State Scientific Institution “Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the NAS of Belarus”, as well as jointly with other institutions have developed new breeding methods, including molecular-genetic ones, which is especially important for increasing the efficiency of obtaining competitive varieties. Significant results have been achieved on the use of the effect of heterosis based on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To date, a system of highly productive competitive rye varieties has been created for soils of different levels of fertility: population tetraploid and diploid, as well as F1 hybrids – LoBel-103, Galinka, Plisa, and Belgi.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88367453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-2-171-181
D. Ivanov, Yaroslav S. Lisitsyn
Biodiversity is the cornerstone of modern agro-phytocinology. Based on its records, the ecological sustainability of agricultural landscapes is predicted. The aim of the research was to study the influence of soils and the topography of the terminal moraine hill, as well as the age of phytocenoses, on the value of the coefficient of floristic similarity of oat communities with over-sowing of grasses (2019) and clover-and-timothy herbage of 1 year of use (2020). Monitoring of the botanical composition of phytocenoses was carried out on a transect – a field crossing slopes of different exposures and soils of varying degrees of swampiness, located at the agroecological station All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ; Tver region, Russia). The standing density of oats, red clover, timothy grass, weed species, as well as other environmental parameters were taken into account on 30 systematically located land plots. It is shown that only a few plant species affect the Jaccard coefficient. The topography and soil features of the agricultural landscape, as well as the age of the plant community, have a significant impact on the stability and productivity of the agrocenosis. The main factor affecting the variability of the floristic similarity indicator is soil hydromorphism. An increase in the index of the floristic similarity coefficient is observed on all soils and slopes as the herbage matures. Productivity of grasses depends to the greatest extent on the nature of the interaction of the relief and soils – on the southern slope of the hill, a low hay yield was noted (on average, 5.34 t/ha), the minimum of which was observed on highly swampy soils (4.92 t/ha), on the northern slope, the yield of hay was higher (on average 6.57 t/ha), the minimum of which was noted on moderately swampy soils (6.26 t/ha). Based on the revealed patterns, it is possible to develop measures to adapt technologies for growing perennial grasses to the natural conditions of farms in the mode of adaptive landscape fodder production.
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