Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-477-487
A. Makarova, A. Vakhrameev, N. Dementieva, Z. Fedorova
Recently, the demand for organic products has been increasing in the world. Organic poultry farming requires additional costs due to the extensive method of poultry housing, low planting density, availability of paddocks and other requirements for production of organic products. Therefore, creation of specialized breeds is especially relevant today. The paper presents the experience of creating an autosex population of the Leningrad Golden-Gray (LZS) in the bioresource collection “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens” RRIFAGB - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. The accuracy of separation by sex of day-old chickens reaches 98%. To create autosex chicken breed, we used breeds and populations of the bioresource collection that have marker genes of plumage color linked to the gender in the genotype. To obtain the breed status, a genome-wide study of the LZS population was conducted. Assessment of the genome homozygosity level showed compliance with the average level characteristic of consolidated groups. The study of genetic variability characterizes the population of LZS as numerous. The inbreeding coefficient of LZS chickens is at a safe level and is a consequence of intensive selection. As a result, an autosex population of LZS was created and tested, which meets the conditions for obtaining the status of a breed and allows to meet the increased requirements of organic poultry farming in the best way. The expediency of using autosex breeds for organic poultry farming has been 478 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 477–487 substantiated by saving feed and growing areas. The principles of creating an autosex breed from the genetic material of gene pool herds can be applied in other breeding programs.
{"title":"Creation of autosex chicken breeds for organic poultry farming","authors":"A. Makarova, A. Vakhrameev, N. Dementieva, Z. Fedorova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-477-487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-477-487","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the demand for organic products has been increasing in the world. Organic poultry farming requires additional costs due to the extensive method of poultry housing, low planting density, availability of paddocks and other requirements for production of organic products. Therefore, creation of specialized breeds is especially relevant today. The paper presents the experience of creating an autosex population of the Leningrad Golden-Gray (LZS) in the bioresource collection “Genetic collection of rare and endangered breeds of chickens” RRIFAGB - Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry. The accuracy of separation by sex of day-old chickens reaches 98%. To create autosex chicken breed, we used breeds and populations of the bioresource collection that have marker genes of plumage color linked to the gender in the genotype. To obtain the breed status, a genome-wide study of the LZS population was conducted. Assessment of the genome homozygosity level showed compliance with the average level characteristic of consolidated groups. The study of genetic variability characterizes the population of LZS as numerous. The inbreeding coefficient of LZS chickens is at a safe level and is a consequence of intensive selection. As a result, an autosex population of LZS was created and tested, which meets the conditions for obtaining the status of a breed and allows to meet the increased requirements of organic poultry farming in the best way. The expediency of using autosex breeds for organic poultry farming has been 478 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 477–487 substantiated by saving feed and growing areas. The principles of creating an autosex breed from the genetic material of gene pool herds can be applied in other breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76152039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-501-512
V. A. Sharshunou, A. M. Ourbantchik, L. Sapunova, A. I. Masaltsava, M. M. Haldova, A. М. Pauliuk
There is nearly no production of legume seedlings rich in protein, aminoacids, crude fiber, micro- and macro-elements, bioactive agents as well as the derived balanced foodstuffs in Belarus. Due to this fact, the local market is dominated by the imported premium price commodities. The purpose of the research is to develop optimal temperature and humidity conditions for germinating seeds of mung bean, chickpea and soybeans, obtaining high-protein concentrates and assessing their consumer properties. Mathematical modeling experiments have enabled to optimize temperature and humidity parameters of scarcely studied seed germination process of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) organoleptic, physicochemical, biochemical characteristics, and microbiology safety of sprouts were evaluated. Laboratory resource-saving technology of producing protein enriched concentrates from legume grain feedstock has been developed, and it may lay the basis for large-scale manufacture thereof. Germinated seed concentrates of mung bean, 502 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 501–512 chickpea and soybean are likely to be in sharp demand as ingredients of novel healthy nutrition recipes and natural cosmetic formulas intended to enlarge the range of offered commercial products. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out as part of the state program of scientific research “Biotechnologies” (2016-2020), subprogram “Microbial biotechnology”
白俄罗斯几乎不生产富含蛋白质、氨基酸、粗纤维、微量元素和大量元素、生物活性剂以及衍生的均衡食品的豆科植物幼苗。由于这一事实，当地市场被进口高价商品所主导。研究的目的是为绿豆、鹰嘴豆和大豆种子的发芽，获得高蛋白浓缩物，并评估其消费特性，制定最佳的温度和湿度条件。数学建模实验可以优化绿豆种子萌发过程的温度和湿度参数。R.Wilczek)、鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)和大豆(Glycine max (L.))评价了豆芽的感官、理化、生化特性和微生物安全性。开发了以豆科颗粒原料为原料生产富含蛋白质浓缩物的实验室资源节约型技术，为豆科颗粒原料大规模生产奠定了基础。发芽的绿豆种子浓缩物，白俄罗斯国家科学院院刊，农业系列，2021，卷59，第502期。4рр。鹰嘴豆和大豆作为新型健康营养配方和天然化妆品配方的原料，可能会有很大的需求，以扩大提供的商业产品的范围。致谢该研究是国家科学研究计划“生物技术”(2016-2020)子项目“微生物生物技术”的一部分。
{"title":"Improving modes of germination of seeds of mung bean, chickpea and soybeans for obtaining high-protein concentrates","authors":"V. A. Sharshunou, A. M. Ourbantchik, L. Sapunova, A. I. Masaltsava, M. M. Haldova, A. М. Pauliuk","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-501-512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-501-512","url":null,"abstract":"There is nearly no production of legume seedlings rich in protein, aminoacids, crude fiber, micro- and macro-elements, bioactive agents as well as the derived balanced foodstuffs in Belarus. Due to this fact, the local market is dominated by the imported premium price commodities. The purpose of the research is to develop optimal temperature and humidity conditions for germinating seeds of mung bean, chickpea and soybeans, obtaining high-protein concentrates and assessing their consumer properties. Mathematical modeling experiments have enabled to optimize temperature and humidity parameters of scarcely studied seed germination process of mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) organoleptic, physicochemical, biochemical characteristics, and microbiology safety of sprouts were evaluated. Laboratory resource-saving technology of producing protein enriched concentrates from legume grain feedstock has been developed, and it may lay the basis for large-scale manufacture thereof. Germinated seed concentrates of mung bean, 502 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, agrarian Series, 2021, vol. 59, no. 4 рр. 501–512 chickpea and soybean are likely to be in sharp demand as ingredients of novel healthy nutrition recipes and natural cosmetic formulas intended to enlarge the range of offered commercial products. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out as part of the state program of scientific research “Biotechnologies” (2016-2020), subprogram “Microbial biotechnology”","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76466954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-410-424
N. V. Artyushevskiy
Information of the real cost price of milk and cattle meat production directly affects the accuracy and timeliness of management decisions in agricultural organizations. This led to the main objective of this study - with the help of an inclusive approach of calculating costs, to display the actual situation with costs and efficiency in cattle breeding, to develop a methodology for applying this approach in practice. The second objective of this longitudinal study is to look at the dynamics of the evolution of costs and prices for milk and cattle meat, since their change is closely related to understanding the past and present problems faced by agricultural producers. The paper describes the method developed by the author to distribution of costs in cattle breeding, the scale for determining the residual value of animal has been presented, depending on the period of its useful use. The method is based on a more accurate distribution of the company’s expenses by types of products obtained and complements the current cost price calculation methodology. Approbation of the developed inclusive approach to calculating costs in cattle breeding made it possible to assess the actual situation in the industry: cattle fattening is not that unprofitable (calculations have shown that fattening is effective in one third of the thousand surveyed agricultural organizations), and milk production is not as efficient as it is commonly believed (only a quarter of enterprises receive actual profits from milk sale).
{"title":"The Institute of System Researches in the Agro-Industrial Complex of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus","authors":"N. V. Artyushevskiy","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-410-424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-410-424","url":null,"abstract":" Information of the real cost price of milk and cattle meat production directly affects the accuracy and timeliness of management decisions in agricultural organizations. This led to the main objective of this study - with the help of an inclusive approach of calculating costs, to display the actual situation with costs and efficiency in cattle breeding, to develop a methodology for applying this approach in practice. The second objective of this longitudinal study is to look at the dynamics of the evolution of costs and prices for milk and cattle meat, since their change is closely related to understanding the past and present problems faced by agricultural producers. The paper describes the method developed by the author to distribution of costs in cattle breeding, the scale for determining the residual value of animal has been presented, depending on the period of its useful use. The method is based on a more accurate distribution of the company’s expenses by types of products obtained and complements the current cost price calculation methodology. Approbation of the developed inclusive approach to calculating costs in cattle breeding made it possible to assess the actual situation in the industry: cattle fattening is not that unprofitable (calculations have shown that fattening is effective in one third of the thousand surveyed agricultural organizations), and milk production is not as efficient as it is commonly believed (only a quarter of enterprises receive actual profits from milk sale).","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81926124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-488-500
P. Kazakevich, A. Yurin, G. Prokopovich
The most rational method for identifying the quality of fruits is the optical method using PPE, which has the accuracy and stability of measurement, as well as distance and high productivity. The paper presents classification of fruit quality recognition systems and substantiates the design and technological scheme of the vision system for sorting them, consisting of an optical module with installed structural illumination and a video camera, an electronic control unit with an interface and actuators for the sorter and conveyor for fruits. In the course of the study, a single-stream type of fruit flow in PPE with forced rotation was substantiated, a structural and technological scheme of an STZ with a feeding conveyor, an optical module and a control unit, an algorithm for functioning of the STZ software was developed based on algorithm for segmentation of fruit colors, tracking algorithm, etc. deep learning ANN, which provide recognition of the size and color of fruits, as well as damage from mechanical stress, pests and diseases. The developed STZ has been introduced into the processing line for sorting and packing apples, LSP-4 has successfully passed preliminary tests and production tests at OJSC Ostromechevo. In the course of preliminary tests of the LSP-4 line, it was found that it provided fruit recognition with a probability of at least 95%, while the labor productivity made 2.5 t/h.
{"title":"Technical vision system for apple defects recognition: justification, development, testing","authors":"P. Kazakevich, A. Yurin, G. Prokopovich","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-488-500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-488-500","url":null,"abstract":"The most rational method for identifying the quality of fruits is the optical method using PPE, which has the accuracy and stability of measurement, as well as distance and high productivity. The paper presents classification of fruit quality recognition systems and substantiates the design and technological scheme of the vision system for sorting them, consisting of an optical module with installed structural illumination and a video camera, an electronic control unit with an interface and actuators for the sorter and conveyor for fruits. In the course of the study, a single-stream type of fruit flow in PPE with forced rotation was substantiated, a structural and technological scheme of an STZ with a feeding conveyor, an optical module and a control unit, an algorithm for functioning of the STZ software was developed based on algorithm for segmentation of fruit colors, tracking algorithm, etc. deep learning ANN, which provide recognition of the size and color of fruits, as well as damage from mechanical stress, pests and diseases. The developed STZ has been introduced into the processing line for sorting and packing apples, LSP-4 has successfully passed preliminary tests and production tests at OJSC Ostromechevo. In the course of preliminary tests of the LSP-4 line, it was found that it provided fruit recognition with a probability of at least 95%, while the labor productivity made 2.5 t/h.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87243441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-292-303
V. Lapa, A. Pilipuk, G. Gusakov, Jason Brechko
The paper presents a comprehensive study on development of soil fertility management system in the Republic of Belarus. The history of development, as well as the modern scheme of functioning of services for agro-chemical and radiological examination of soils of agricultural lands has been studied in detail, including the sources of their financing, services provided, the list of provided consolidated analytical materials as a result, etc. Special attention is paid to the republican databank of agro-chemical and radiation indicators of agricultural soil, which, through automated information system, is considered an information basis for modeling soil fertility in order to develop recommendations for using mineral fertilizers in individual fields and working plots, farms, districts, regions calculated under requirements for agricultural crops. The authors concluded that the data bank of agro-chemical and radiological properties of soils of agri-cultural lands of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the analytical information system functioning on its basis, were of high practical value and of an applied nature for the country’s economy. However, in the modern world, digital solutions, on the basis of which the data bank functions, are worn out morally. Studies indicate that the technical requirements for functioning and use of electronic databank of agro-chemical and radiological monitoring of soils of agricultural lands in the Republic of Belarus should be formalized in the form of regulations (or rules) and enshrined in the national regulatory framework. In addition, it is necessary to develop a scheme for information content of the databank by optimizing organizational interaction of agro-chemical services of the Republic of Belarus. It is feasible to give access to a huge array of analytical information in the form of geographic information system, which will make it possible to maintain electronic register of agricultural land soils, as well as electronic certification of fields and elementary plots. Implementation of a number of measures to develop the soil fertility management system in the Republic of Belarus may lead to increase in demand for work related to agro-chemical services for agriculture by 50-60 % by 2030.
{"title":"National system of soil fertility management of the Republic of Belarus: current state and development prospects. Vestsі Natsyyanal’nay akademіі navuk Belarusі","authors":"V. Lapa, A. Pilipuk, G. Gusakov, Jason Brechko","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-292-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-292-303","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a comprehensive study on development of soil fertility management system in the Republic of Belarus. The history of development, as well as the modern scheme of functioning of services for agro-chemical and radiological examination of soils of agricultural lands has been studied in detail, including the sources of their financing, services provided, the list of provided consolidated analytical materials as a result, etc. Special attention is paid to the republican databank of agro-chemical and radiation indicators of agricultural soil, which, through automated information system, is considered an information basis for modeling soil fertility in order to develop recommendations for using mineral fertilizers in individual fields and working plots, farms, districts, regions calculated under requirements for agricultural crops. The authors concluded that the data bank of agro-chemical and radiological properties of soils of agri-cultural lands of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the analytical information system functioning on its basis, were of high practical value and of an applied nature for the country’s economy. However, in the modern world, digital solutions, on the basis of which the data bank functions, are worn out morally. Studies indicate that the technical requirements for functioning and use of electronic databank of agro-chemical and radiological monitoring of soils of agricultural lands in the Republic of Belarus should be formalized in the form of regulations (or rules) and enshrined in the national regulatory framework. In addition, it is necessary to develop a scheme for information content of the databank by optimizing organizational interaction of agro-chemical services of the Republic of Belarus. It is feasible to give access to a huge array of analytical information in the form of geographic information system, which will make it possible to maintain electronic register of agricultural land soils, as well as electronic certification of fields and elementary plots. Implementation of a number of measures to develop the soil fertility management system in the Republic of Belarus may lead to increase in demand for work related to agro-chemical services for agriculture by 50-60 % by 2030.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76176223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-277-291
N. Batova, I. Tochitskaya, P. V. Sachek
Achieving sustainable economic growth has become an important point on the global agenda today. Harmonious coordination of sustainable development components, ensuring economic growth, social stability and ecological balance, can be achieved in the long term using the concept of circular economy, which, in turn, serves as a practical tool for transition to green economy. Despite the fact that implementation of circular economy is becoming global and competitive advantages of implementing this concept are becoming more obvious, in general, it has not been widely developed in Belarus yet. The paper reviews conceptual basis of circular agriculture, reveals peculiarities and principal differences from the traditional production model. Based on study of world experience, the importance of state support and scientific support for circular transformation of the industry has been substantiated. Sectoral specifics of plant production and livestock waste use is revealed. The results of agricultural producers survey regarding use of waste in various areas are presented: transfer for processing, sale, use of third-party secondary raw materials. Information, economic and technological barriers retaining circular transformation of Belarusian agriculture are revealed. Prospects of implementing principles of circular economy for large agricultural producers and small farm households have been substantiated. The issues covered in the paper are of interest when preparing projects of state social and economic development programs, sectoral programs for development of agro-industrial complex, strategies for ensuring environmentally safe production and efficient use of natural resources for the period until 2025. Practical use of the proposed results and proposals for implementation of circular economy principles in agriculture will ensure more efficient use of raw materials within production cycles and achieve sustainable development of agriculture in general.
{"title":"Circular economics in agriculture: conceptual bases and implementation possibilities in Belarus","authors":"N. Batova, I. Tochitskaya, P. V. Sachek","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-277-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-277-291","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving sustainable economic growth has become an important point on the global agenda today. Harmonious coordination of sustainable development components, ensuring economic growth, social stability and ecological balance, can be achieved in the long term using the concept of circular economy, which, in turn, serves as a practical tool for transition to green economy. Despite the fact that implementation of circular economy is becoming global and competitive advantages of implementing this concept are becoming more obvious, in general, it has not been widely developed in Belarus yet. The paper reviews conceptual basis of circular agriculture, reveals peculiarities and principal differences from the traditional production model. Based on study of world experience, the importance of state support and scientific support for circular transformation of the industry has been substantiated. Sectoral specifics of plant production and livestock waste use is revealed. The results of agricultural producers survey regarding use of waste in various areas are presented: transfer for processing, sale, use of third-party secondary raw materials. Information, economic and technological barriers retaining circular transformation of Belarusian agriculture are revealed. Prospects of implementing principles of circular economy for large agricultural producers and small farm households have been substantiated. The issues covered in the paper are of interest when preparing projects of state social and economic development programs, sectoral programs for development of agro-industrial complex, strategies for ensuring environmentally safe production and efficient use of natural resources for the period until 2025. Practical use of the proposed results and proposals for implementation of circular economy principles in agriculture will ensure more efficient use of raw materials within production cycles and achieve sustainable development of agriculture in general.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88540228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-319-329
G. Rabinovich, N. Fomicheva, Yu. D. Smirnova
One of priority directions in cultivation of carrots is development of new techniques in technologies allowing to increase not only the yield, but also the quality of root crops. Treatment of vegetative plants with various biological products, growth regulators and hemin preparations is the most promising technological method for increasing carrots yield and quality. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of liquid-phase biological means of various natures on yield and quality of Karini variety carrots grown on peat soil. The experiment had been carried out in 2015-2016 on peat soil of the Dmitrovsky department of VNIIMZ branch FRC V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (Moscow region). Two microbiological preparations (LPB and Azotovit) and two humic (BoHum and FlorHumat) were tested. Azotovit and FlorHumat are known registered preparations, and LPB and BoHum are the latest developments of VNIIMZ. The biological means were applied three times during growing season against the background of the main fertilizer P40K60. The largest increase in carrot yield was obtained when using LPB and BoHum - 19.4 and 18.3 %. Humic preparations contributed to a higher level of mineralization processes in soil, providing plants with available nutrients. Improvement in quality indicators of carrots for all tested biological means was noted: a higher content of carotene in root crops in the variant with BoHum - 101 mg/kg, dry matter - when using Azotovit - 9.35 %, the minimum content of nitrates when using FlorHumat preparation - 101 mg/kg. In general, the impact mechanism of the biological means used was their complex effect on plants and soil, which is of certain value for fundamental research. The method of cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity in efficiency of bio-means LPB and BoHum in terms of set of indicators (yield, quality of carrots, agro-chemical and microbiological indicators of soil). The most promising is the humic biological mean BoHum. The considered biological means used for cultivation of carrots on peat soils will improve provision of processing industry with a raw material base, and population with high-quality vegetable products.
{"title":"Efficiency of liquid-phase biological preparations when cultivating carrots on peat soils","authors":"G. Rabinovich, N. Fomicheva, Yu. D. Smirnova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-319-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-319-329","url":null,"abstract":"One of priority directions in cultivation of carrots is development of new techniques in technologies allowing to increase not only the yield, but also the quality of root crops. Treatment of vegetative plants with various biological products, growth regulators and hemin preparations is the most promising technological method for increasing carrots yield and quality. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of liquid-phase biological means of various natures on yield and quality of Karini variety carrots grown on peat soil. The experiment had been carried out in 2015-2016 on peat soil of the Dmitrovsky department of VNIIMZ branch FRC V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute (Moscow region). Two microbiological preparations (LPB and Azotovit) and two humic (BoHum and FlorHumat) were tested. Azotovit and FlorHumat are known registered preparations, and LPB and BoHum are the latest developments of VNIIMZ. The biological means were applied three times during growing season against the background of the main fertilizer P40K60. The largest increase in carrot yield was obtained when using LPB and BoHum - 19.4 and 18.3 %. Humic preparations contributed to a higher level of mineralization processes in soil, providing plants with available nutrients. Improvement in quality indicators of carrots for all tested biological means was noted: a higher content of carotene in root crops in the variant with BoHum - 101 mg/kg, dry matter - when using Azotovit - 9.35 %, the minimum content of nitrates when using FlorHumat preparation - 101 mg/kg. In general, the impact mechanism of the biological means used was their complex effect on plants and soil, which is of certain value for fundamental research. The method of cluster analysis showed a high degree of similarity in efficiency of bio-means LPB and BoHum in terms of set of indicators (yield, quality of carrots, agro-chemical and microbiological indicators of soil). The most promising is the humic biological mean BoHum. The considered biological means used for cultivation of carrots on peat soils will improve provision of processing industry with a raw material base, and population with high-quality vegetable products. ","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77629644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-366-377
M. A. Prishchepov, A. I. Zelenkevich, V. M. Zbrodyga
The problem of power quality supply is relevant for rural electrical networks, due to long distance and branching, as well as connection of a large number of single-phase and non-linear loads. Asymmetry of electrical loads causes voltage asymmetry, which adversely affects the operation of all elements of the electrical system, causing additional power losses, reducing the service life of electrical equipment and its economic performance, as well as reliability of operation of individual electrical equipment and power supply system as a whole. Reduction of voltage asymmetry can be ensured by rational construction of electrical network circuit and use of special correcting devices. The authors consider it reasonable to use relatively simple and reliable by design and inexpensive power transformers with a “star - double zigzag with a zero wire” (Y/2Zн) winding connection circuit with a neutral winding connection group. The paper deals with design and processes of converting electrical energy in a transformer. It has been proved that phase EMF of the secondary winding coincides in phase with the same EMF of the primary winding, i.e. the proposed circuit has a neutral windings’ connection group. Results of theoretical studies of transformer operation with an asymmetric and non-linear load are presented. Decrease in voltage asymmetry is due to the neutral sequence components compensation. Decrease of the higher harmonic voltage components level occurs due to the compensation of the higher harmonics multiplied three times. It is theoretically substantiated that transformer will not emit higher harmonic components of zero sequence voltages into the supply network. Experimental studies have confirmed the theoretical conclusions that a transformer with Y/2Zн winding connection circuit allows obtaining the highest level of voltage symmetry with an asymmetric load. In single-phase load mode, the values of voltage unbalance factor in reverse sequence do not exceed 1.7 %, in neutral sequence - 2.9 %. The transformer allows obtaining 1.2-1.5 times lower value of total harmonic components factor at non-linear load, which is the best result among circuits studied. This power transformer is resistant to load effects that distort voltage quality and is capable to provide a high level of symmetry and sinusoidal voltage as well as parallel operation with commercially available transformers. This makes it possible to use it in rural electrical networks to reduce power losses, increase service life and efficiency of electrical equipment, and increase reliability of the power supply system.
{"title":"Advanced power transformer with improved parameters for rural electrical networks","authors":"M. A. Prishchepov, A. I. Zelenkevich, V. M. Zbrodyga","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-366-377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-366-377","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of power quality supply is relevant for rural electrical networks, due to long distance and branching, as well as connection of a large number of single-phase and non-linear loads. Asymmetry of electrical loads causes voltage asymmetry, which adversely affects the operation of all elements of the electrical system, causing additional power losses, reducing the service life of electrical equipment and its economic performance, as well as reliability of operation of individual electrical equipment and power supply system as a whole. Reduction of voltage asymmetry can be ensured by rational construction of electrical network circuit and use of special correcting devices. The authors consider it reasonable to use relatively simple and reliable by design and inexpensive power transformers with a “star - double zigzag with a zero wire” (Y/2Zн) winding connection circuit with a neutral winding connection group. The paper deals with design and processes of converting electrical energy in a transformer. It has been proved that phase EMF of the secondary winding coincides in phase with the same EMF of the primary winding, i.e. the proposed circuit has a neutral windings’ connection group. Results of theoretical studies of transformer operation with an asymmetric and non-linear load are presented. Decrease in voltage asymmetry is due to the neutral sequence components compensation. Decrease of the higher harmonic voltage components level occurs due to the compensation of the higher harmonics multiplied three times. It is theoretically substantiated that transformer will not emit higher harmonic components of zero sequence voltages into the supply network. Experimental studies have confirmed the theoretical conclusions that a transformer with Y/2Zн winding connection circuit allows obtaining the highest level of voltage symmetry with an asymmetric load. In single-phase load mode, the values of voltage unbalance factor in reverse sequence do not exceed 1.7 %, in neutral sequence - 2.9 %. The transformer allows obtaining 1.2-1.5 times lower value of total harmonic components factor at non-linear load, which is the best result among circuits studied. This power transformer is resistant to load effects that distort voltage quality and is capable to provide a high level of symmetry and sinusoidal voltage as well as parallel operation with commercially available transformers. This makes it possible to use it in rural electrical networks to reduce power losses, increase service life and efficiency of electrical equipment, and increase reliability of the power supply system.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88069733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-330-339
I. E. Bayeva, I. G. Puhachova, M. M. Dabrodzkin, A. Kilchevsky
Varieties and hybrids which are stable in yield and suitable for cultivation in various soil and climatic zones have a particular value within the conditions of industrial production. New varieties created by breeders should be characterized by the highest yield in favorable conditions, and, at the same time, by the stable yield in other conditions, i.e. be highly accommodative. The aim of the research was to assess environmental stability and plasticity parameters of tomato hybrids according to the main characteristics of yield and then to select the hybrids F1 with high productivity and stability in soil greenhouses. The calculation of adaptive ability and ecological stability indexes was carried out according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva using the ADIS program. As a result, some hybrids were identified as heavy yielding and with high general adaptive ability according to the following parameters: early fruit yield - NikolaçLine‑2, Line‑4×Line‑2, NikolaçLine 19/3, NikolaçLine-9, Line TX-144×Irishka, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line C-9464×Line 19/0; on the basis of “commercial fruit yield” - NikolaçLine-2, TX-144×Line-2, Line TX-144×Irishka, TX140×Line-2, Line TX-140×Line 19/3, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line C-9464×Line 19/0; by the weight of commercial fruit - NikolaçLine 19/3, Line TX-144çLine 19/3, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0. Greater part of yield parameters was stable for hybrids NikolaçLine-2, Line-4×Line-2, TX-140×Line-2, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line TX-144×Irishka. Hybrids combinations Azart and Vityaz have successfully passed the test and were recommended for planting on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Thus, feasibility of ecological stability and plasticity assessment at the final stage of breeding process has been proven. It reduces possibility of errors in choosing hybrids for State testing procedures. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Program “Innovative Biotechnologies” for 2010-2012 and for the period up to 2015”, as well as the Interstate Target Program of the Eurasian Economic Community “Innovative Biotechnologies” for 2011-2015.
产量稳定，适合在各种土壤和气候带栽培的品种和杂交种，在工业生产条件下具有特殊的价值。育种家创造的新品种应具有在有利条件下产量最高，同时在其他条件下产量稳定的特点，即具有高度适应性。本研究的目的是根据番茄产量的主要特征，对番茄杂交种的环境稳定性和可塑性参数进行评价，从而筛选出高产稳定的土壤大棚杂交种F1。采用ADIS程序，参照A.V. Kilchevsky和L.V. Khotyleva的方法计算了适应能力和生态稳定性指标。结果，根据以下参数，鉴定了一些高产和高一般适应能力的杂交种:早果产量- nikola Line‑2、nikola Line‑2、nikola Line 19/3、nikola Line‑9、TX-144×Irishka、B-3-1-8×Line 19/0、C-9464×Line 19/0;基于“商品水果产量”- nikola Line-2、TX-144×Line-2、TX-144×Irishka、TX140×Line-2、TX-140×Line 19/3、B-3-1-8×Line 19/0、C-9464×Line 19/0;按商品水果的重量- nikola线19/3，线tx -144 线19/3，线B-3-1-8×Line 19/0。杂种nikola Line-2、Line-4×Line-2、TX-140×Line-2、B-3-1-8×Line 19/0、TX-144×Irishka的产量参数大部分稳定。杂交组合Azart和Vityaz已经成功地通过了测试，并被推荐在白俄罗斯共和国境内种植。从而证明了在养殖后期进行生态稳定性和可塑性评价的可行性。它减少了为国家测试程序选择混合动力车时出现错误的可能性。致谢该研究是在2010-2012年国家“创新生物技术”计划和2011-2015年欧亚经济共同体“创新生物技术”州际目标计划的框架内进行的。
{"title":"Adaptivity and stability parameters of heterotic tomato hybrids (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in soil greenhouses","authors":"I. E. Bayeva, I. G. Puhachova, M. M. Dabrodzkin, A. Kilchevsky","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-330-339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-330-339","url":null,"abstract":"Varieties and hybrids which are stable in yield and suitable for cultivation in various soil and climatic zones have a particular value within the conditions of industrial production. New varieties created by breeders should be characterized by the highest yield in favorable conditions, and, at the same time, by the stable yield in other conditions, i.e. be highly accommodative. The aim of the research was to assess environmental stability and plasticity parameters of tomato hybrids according to the main characteristics of yield and then to select the hybrids F1 with high productivity and stability in soil greenhouses. The calculation of adaptive ability and ecological stability indexes was carried out according to the method of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva using the ADIS program. As a result, some hybrids were identified as heavy yielding and with high general adaptive ability according to the following parameters: early fruit yield - NikolaçLine‑2, Line‑4×Line‑2, NikolaçLine 19/3, NikolaçLine-9, Line TX-144×Irishka, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line C-9464×Line 19/0; on the basis of “commercial fruit yield” - NikolaçLine-2, TX-144×Line-2, Line TX-144×Irishka, TX140×Line-2, Line TX-140×Line 19/3, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line C-9464×Line 19/0; by the weight of commercial fruit - NikolaçLine 19/3, Line TX-144çLine 19/3, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0. Greater part of yield parameters was stable for hybrids NikolaçLine-2, Line-4×Line-2, TX-140×Line-2, Line B-3-1-8×Line 19/0, Line TX-144×Irishka. Hybrids combinations Azart and Vityaz have successfully passed the test and were recommended for planting on the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Thus, feasibility of ecological stability and plasticity assessment at the final stage of breeding process has been proven. It reduces possibility of errors in choosing hybrids for State testing procedures. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Program “Innovative Biotechnologies” for 2010-2012 and for the period up to 2015”, as well as the Interstate Target Program of the Eurasian Economic Community “Innovative Biotechnologies” for 2011-2015.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80045296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-361-365
N. Mokhnachova
Buffalo breeding in Ukraine is an ancient traditional branch of animal husbandry of the Crimean Tatars and Rusyns of Transcarpathia. Basically, "Ukrainian" buffaloes belong to the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and are bred for dairy and meat production. Polymorphism of genes associated with dairy productivity will allow breeding buffaloes taking into account the “desired” genotypes in relation to economically useful traits. The paper dwells on studying allelic polymorphisms of beta-casein (β-CN), kappa-casein (CSN3) and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) genes in population of water buffaloes bred in Ukraine using PCR followed by restriction hydrolysis of the formed fragments (PCR-RFLP). Results of study of the “Ukrainian” population of water buffaloes are discussed, namely: the frequency of genotypes and alleles at the loci of beta-casein, kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin genes. Amplified fragment β-CN with the length of 121 bp was digested with DdeI restriction enzyme. A feature of the allelic spectrum of the beta-casein gene (β-CN) in the studied population was absence of A1 allele. All animals carried the β-CNA2A2 genotype of beta-casein gene, respectively, β-CNA2 allele frequency was 1.0. For the CSN3 gene, an amplified fragment in 273 bp was digested with HinfI restriction enzyme. A 100% predominance of animals with the most preferred homozygous CSN3BB genotype was revealed. During the β-LG gene study process, an amplified fragment with a size of 247 bp was digested with HaeIII. It has been determined that the most frequent was allele βLGA and genotype βLGAA of beta-lactoglobulin gene (0.96 and 0.92, respectively). Heterozygous β-LGAB genotype is present in 8 % of buffaloes. The research results are of interest in the field of molecular genetic analysis of the buffalo genome, which are the source of specific properties. The data obtained can be useful for preserving and increasing the genetic diversity of the “Ukrainian” population of water buffaloes, as well as for obtaining valuable products from buffaloes.
{"title":"Genotyping of “Ukrainian” water buffaloes according β-CN (A2-milk), CSN3 and βLG genes","authors":"N. Mokhnachova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-361-365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-361-365","url":null,"abstract":"Buffalo breeding in Ukraine is an ancient traditional branch of animal husbandry of the Crimean Tatars and Rusyns of Transcarpathia. Basically, \"Ukrainian\" buffaloes belong to the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and are bred for dairy and meat production. Polymorphism of genes associated with dairy productivity will allow breeding buffaloes taking into account the “desired” genotypes in relation to economically useful traits. The paper dwells on studying allelic polymorphisms of beta-casein (β-CN), kappa-casein (CSN3) and beta-lactoglobulin (β-LG) genes in population of water buffaloes bred in Ukraine using PCR followed by restriction hydrolysis of the formed fragments (PCR-RFLP). Results of study of the “Ukrainian” population of water buffaloes are discussed, namely: the frequency of genotypes and alleles at the loci of beta-casein, kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin genes. Amplified fragment β-CN with the length of 121 bp was digested with DdeI restriction enzyme. A feature of the allelic spectrum of the beta-casein gene (β-CN) in the studied population was absence of A1 allele. All animals carried the β-CNA2A2 genotype of beta-casein gene, respectively, β-CNA2 allele frequency was 1.0. For the CSN3 gene, an amplified fragment in 273 bp was digested with HinfI restriction enzyme. A 100% predominance of animals with the most preferred homozygous CSN3BB genotype was revealed. During the β-LG gene study process, an amplified fragment with a size of 247 bp was digested with HaeIII. It has been determined that the most frequent was allele βLGA and genotype βLGAA of beta-lactoglobulin gene (0.96 and 0.92, respectively). Heterozygous β-LGAB genotype is present in 8 % of buffaloes. The research results are of interest in the field of molecular genetic analysis of the buffalo genome, which are the source of specific properties. The data obtained can be useful for preserving and increasing the genetic diversity of the “Ukrainian” population of water buffaloes, as well as for obtaining valuable products from buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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