Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-115-128
V. Grudanov, A. B. Torgan, V. Barsukov
One of efficient directions for pasta press designs modernization is installation of special conical-andcylindrical inserts in the pre-matrix space and matrix wells in front of the dies having, like Venturi tubes, narrowing zones (convergent), expansion (divergent) and a cylindrical path located between them. However, rheological aspects of such method of forming tool modernizing in relation to pasta presses have not been studied, recommendations for structural elements calculation and design have not been developed. All this is a significant obstacle for using the method in engineering and industrial practice. The research purpose is to develop rheological models the pasta dough flow in the conical-cylindrical channels of convergent-divergent inserts and to evaluate with their help the impact of structural dimensions and rheological properties on resistance to pasta dough flow. Pasta dough was considered as a rheological complex nonlinearly viscous plastic material. In technical calculations contribution of shear strength was neglected and a rheological analysis was performed using the Oswald-de-Ville power law equation. Analytical dependences obtained make it possible to calculate the pressure drops in the convergent-divergent insert and its elements. Numerical modeling was performed and calculated data were obtained regarding the impact of dimensions of structural elements of the insert and rheological parameters of pasta dough on its resistance to viscous flow. The results obtained can form the basis of engineering and technological calculations in design of convergent-divergent inserts for laboratory and industrial pasta presses.
{"title":"Technological and rheological bases for molding pasta in press houses with preliminary two-stage compaction, plasticization and warming of dough","authors":"V. Grudanov, A. B. Torgan, V. Barsukov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-115-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-115-128","url":null,"abstract":"One of efficient directions for pasta press designs modernization is installation of special conical-andcylindrical inserts in the pre-matrix space and matrix wells in front of the dies having, like Venturi tubes, narrowing zones (convergent), expansion (divergent) and a cylindrical path located between them. However, rheological aspects of such method of forming tool modernizing in relation to pasta presses have not been studied, recommendations for structural elements calculation and design have not been developed. All this is a significant obstacle for using the method in engineering and industrial practice. The research purpose is to develop rheological models the pasta dough flow in the conical-cylindrical channels of convergent-divergent inserts and to evaluate with their help the impact of structural dimensions and rheological properties on resistance to pasta dough flow. Pasta dough was considered as a rheological complex nonlinearly viscous plastic material. In technical calculations contribution of shear strength was neglected and a rheological analysis was performed using the Oswald-de-Ville power law equation. Analytical dependences obtained make it possible to calculate the pressure drops in the convergent-divergent insert and its elements. Numerical modeling was performed and calculated data were obtained regarding the impact of dimensions of structural elements of the insert and rheological parameters of pasta dough on its resistance to viscous flow. The results obtained can form the basis of engineering and technological calculations in design of convergent-divergent inserts for laboratory and industrial pasta presses.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74797045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-7-22
N. Kireyenka, M. A. Arnatovich
Formation of a competitive national economy in the Republic of Belarus in conditions of international economic relations should be based on a stably functioning and well-developed system of commodity markets, with food market taking a key place in their structure. One of the most important segments of the latter is the vegetable market, which is developing dynamically at the present stage, providing population with valuable food products, and industry - with raw materials for processing. At the same time, specificity of domestic vegetable market of the Republic of Belarus in the context of ensuring national food security is determined by new tasks, objectively generated by the development of modern trends in domestic and global agricultural economy. The paper substantiates theoretical foundations of the mechanism of its balanced development in the food supply system, which contain scientific approaches, conditions and factors of the internal and external market environments, as well as modern trends in the vegetable market and its main segments in foreign countries. In the context of national food security, new directions of organizational and economic mechanism for the vegetable market functioning, effective measures of economic regulation of production and sale of products based on international rules, a mechanism of marketing support for domestic producers have been developed. Scientific novelty of this development lies in application of an integrated approach to balancing the vegetable market, increasing efficiency of the subjects functioning in the value chain and ensuring competitiveness of these products in the domestic and foreign markets. These developments can be used to substantiate the priority directions for development of food markets, as well as to fulfill medium- and longterm forecasts of provision level of the population of the republic with vegetable products. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Research Program “Agricultural Technologies and Food Security” for 2021-2025, subprogram 9.7 “Economy of agro-industrial complex”.
{"title":"Organizational and economic mechanism of balanced development of the vegetable market in the Republic of Belarus","authors":"N. Kireyenka, M. A. Arnatovich","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-7-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-7-22","url":null,"abstract":"Formation of a competitive national economy in the Republic of Belarus in conditions of international economic relations should be based on a stably functioning and well-developed system of commodity markets, with food market taking a key place in their structure. One of the most important segments of the latter is the vegetable market, which is developing dynamically at the present stage, providing population with valuable food products, and industry - with raw materials for processing. At the same time, specificity of domestic vegetable market of the Republic of Belarus in the context of ensuring national food security is determined by new tasks, objectively generated by the development of modern trends in domestic and global agricultural economy. The paper substantiates theoretical foundations of the mechanism of its balanced development in the food supply system, which contain scientific approaches, conditions and factors of the internal and external market environments, as well as modern trends in the vegetable market and its main segments in foreign countries. In the context of national food security, new directions of organizational and economic mechanism for the vegetable market functioning, effective measures of economic regulation of production and sale of products based on international rules, a mechanism of marketing support for domestic producers have been developed. Scientific novelty of this development lies in application of an integrated approach to balancing the vegetable market, increasing efficiency of the subjects functioning in the value chain and ensuring competitiveness of these products in the domestic and foreign markets. These developments can be used to substantiate the priority directions for development of food markets, as well as to fulfill medium- and longterm forecasts of provision level of the population of the republic with vegetable products. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Research Program “Agricultural Technologies and Food Security” for 2021-2025, subprogram 9.7 “Economy of agro-industrial complex”.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88006635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-60-1-23-34
S. Semenov, N. Semenov
Information relations in agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) needs further development based on the digitalization processes taking place in the society. Spread of COVID-19 pandemic introduced a number of economic adjustments to the country’s digital interactions, which significantly influenced the development of information and consulting services in the industry. Cooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union presupposes close interaction on issues of regulation of the common agricultural market and development of international trade in the field of agriculture, which also affects digitalization of the country’s economy. The paper presents the results of methodological study on development of information and consulting services in the agricultural sector, analysis of organizational structure of the country’s agriculture according to categories of farms, and entities requiring these services have been determined. Recommendations are proposed for digitalization of the industry, taking into account development of information and consulting services, based on the current state of agricultural production, as son as the main consumers of information services turn to be peasant (farmer) households as the main producers of agricultural products. Building a system of information and consulting services will contribute to development of its own market for agricultural products, processing information from agricultural producers and consumers of agricultural products, creating profitable trade relations and marketing of agricultural products.
{"title":"Development of information and consulting services in the system of information relations in the agricultural industry of the Kyrgyz Republic","authors":"S. Semenov, N. Semenov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-60-1-23-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-60-1-23-34","url":null,"abstract":"Information relations in agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) needs further development based on the digitalization processes taking place in the society. Spread of COVID-19 pandemic introduced a number of economic adjustments to the country’s digital interactions, which significantly influenced the development of information and consulting services in the industry. Cooperation of the Kyrgyz Republic with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union presupposes close interaction on issues of regulation of the common agricultural market and development of international trade in the field of agriculture, which also affects digitalization of the country’s economy. The paper presents the results of methodological study on development of information and consulting services in the agricultural sector, analysis of organizational structure of the country’s agriculture according to categories of farms, and entities requiring these services have been determined. Recommendations are proposed for digitalization of the industry, taking into account development of information and consulting services, based on the current state of agricultural production, as son as the main consumers of information services turn to be peasant (farmer) households as the main producers of agricultural products. Building a system of information and consulting services will contribute to development of its own market for agricultural products, processing information from agricultural producers and consumers of agricultural products, creating profitable trade relations and marketing of agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-35-45
G. Ganush, T. Tsetsiarynets
Human capital is a factor and a result of the agrarian economy development at the same time, which determines peculiarities of its formation and use. Managing the development of human capital in agricultural sector of the economy is a complex problem, requiring development of theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations in order to ensure food security, improve in competitiveness of agricultural products and living standards of the rural population, stimulate innovative activities and innovative development of agro-industrial complex, and ensuring the growth rate of agricultural labor productivity. Social and economic, technical and technological and institutional transformations in the agricultural sector contribute to the emergence of scientific schools, defining theoretical directions and methodological approaches of management. Aggregation of conducted researches and refracting them into the plane of agro-industrial production makes it possible to identify the main stages of transformation of conceptual aspects of human capital management, depending on the stages of social and economic and technical and technological development of the agricultural sector. Study of genesis and evolution of human capital management allows to substantiate a single concept, revealing features of transformation of theoretical and methodological ideas about this process within the framework of scientific paradigm corresponding to a certain historical stage in society development. Considering the previous stages, this makes it possible to develop the concept of the essence, content and structure of human capital, taking into account industry specifications, to determine the features of its management in the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Evolution of the theory and practices of human capital management in the agricultural sector","authors":"G. Ganush, T. Tsetsiarynets","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-35-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-35-45","url":null,"abstract":"Human capital is a factor and a result of the agrarian economy development at the same time, which determines peculiarities of its formation and use. Managing the development of human capital in agricultural sector of the economy is a complex problem, requiring development of theoretical, methodological and practical recommendations in order to ensure food security, improve in competitiveness of agricultural products and living standards of the rural population, stimulate innovative activities and innovative development of agro-industrial complex, and ensuring the growth rate of agricultural labor productivity. Social and economic, technical and technological and institutional transformations in the agricultural sector contribute to the emergence of scientific schools, defining theoretical directions and methodological approaches of management. Aggregation of conducted researches and refracting them into the plane of agro-industrial production makes it possible to identify the main stages of transformation of conceptual aspects of human capital management, depending on the stages of social and economic and technical and technological development of the agricultural sector. Study of genesis and evolution of human capital management allows to substantiate a single concept, revealing features of transformation of theoretical and methodological ideas about this process within the framework of scientific paradigm corresponding to a certain historical stage in society development. Considering the previous stages, this makes it possible to develop the concept of the essence, content and structure of human capital, taking into account industry specifications, to determine the features of its management in the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75815835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-46-58
N. Krupenko, A. Zhukovsky, A. N. Khalaev, N. V. Komarаva, I. Pochitskaya
Mycotoxins accumulation in grain is one of the most widely analyzed problem nowadays, as soon as these metabolites are of high danger to health of warm-blooded animals and humans. Producing mycotoxins with Fusarium fungi beaing causal agents of Fusarium head blight, depends on range of factors, and among measures for their accumulation decrease, chemical method is one of the most effective ones. The paper presents the results of study on factors affecting mycotoxins accumulation under the field conditions. During the experiment with artificial inoculation of winter wheat heads by F. culmorum fungi, the influence of triazole fungicides on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins content had been estimated. Higher biological efficiency (83,2-79,2 %) for disease severity decrease was higher with fungicide Osiris, EC. Use of fungicides led to increase in indicators of economic efficiency in comparison with the option with no treatment, including the yield, by 12.3-12.8%. In the variants with head protection, the DON content was 2.0-2.1 times lower than in the control. Under conditions of natural damage to various varieties of grain crops (winter wheat and triticale, spring barley) by Fusarium head blight, its depressive manifestation had been determined. It had been determined that spring barley, regardless of the variety, was more resistant to accumulation of mycotoxins, in particular ZEN. Level of mycotoxins in winter wheat and triticale grain varied depending on variety and storage duration. The data obtained will serve as the basis for substantiating measures to reduce the level of mycotoxins in grain. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out with the financial support of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research as a part of the scientific research project “Comprehensive assessment of mycotoxins accumulation during foodstuff storage” (treaty N Б19МЛДГ-009).
{"title":"Factors affecting the level of Fusarium mycotoxins in grain. Vestsі Natsyyanal’nay akademіі navuk Belarusі","authors":"N. Krupenko, A. Zhukovsky, A. N. Khalaev, N. V. Komarаva, I. Pochitskaya","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-46-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2022-60-1-46-58","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins accumulation in grain is one of the most widely analyzed problem nowadays, as soon as these metabolites are of high danger to health of warm-blooded animals and humans. Producing mycotoxins with Fusarium fungi beaing causal agents of Fusarium head blight, depends on range of factors, and among measures for their accumulation decrease, chemical method is one of the most effective ones. The paper presents the results of study on factors affecting mycotoxins accumulation under the field conditions. During the experiment with artificial inoculation of winter wheat heads by F. culmorum fungi, the influence of triazole fungicides on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxins content had been estimated. Higher biological efficiency (83,2-79,2 %) for disease severity decrease was higher with fungicide Osiris, EC. Use of fungicides led to increase in indicators of economic efficiency in comparison with the option with no treatment, including the yield, by 12.3-12.8%. In the variants with head protection, the DON content was 2.0-2.1 times lower than in the control. Under conditions of natural damage to various varieties of grain crops (winter wheat and triticale, spring barley) by Fusarium head blight, its depressive manifestation had been determined. It had been determined that spring barley, regardless of the variety, was more resistant to accumulation of mycotoxins, in particular ZEN. Level of mycotoxins in winter wheat and triticale grain varied depending on variety and storage duration. The data obtained will serve as the basis for substantiating measures to reduce the level of mycotoxins in grain. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out with the financial support of the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research as a part of the scientific research project “Comprehensive assessment of mycotoxins accumulation during foodstuff storage” (treaty N Б19МЛДГ-009).","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84687690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-452-463
M. Abramova, S. Zyryanova
Breeding takes the main place in the complex of measures for intensification of dairy cattle breeding. A characteristic feature of breeding work is identification of the most valuable genotypes and their further use in cattle population. The Holstein breed is considered one of the most highly productive breeds, in many countries of the world it is used for the genetic improvement of local breeds. In this regard, a comparative assessment of methods for determining the breeding value of bulls of different genotypes obtained by interbreeding is relevant. The results of assessment of genetic superiority of the used breeding bulls in terms of milk productivity of daughters for the first lactation through interannual deviations of the homogeneous peers are presented, the best producers in all the studied herds are identified, it is established which breeds the best and worst breeding bulls belong to. The research revealed that 18% of bulls had genetic superiority at controlled farms (9% - Holstein breed, 6% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 3% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls), a negative value - 24% including 9% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 9% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls and 6% - Holstein bulls. A comparative evaluation of the two methods showed a high reliable positive correlation between results of Mikhailovsky type bulls and Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls equal to 0.82 and 0.56, respectively, which indicates a high reliability of the method of genetic superiority index, which can be used to evaluate bulls during crossbreeding. It is possible to increase the genetic potential of herds by excluding producers with a negative genetic index. The obtained results are recommended to be used when mating bulls and for development of breeding programs for individual herds or entire population
{"title":"Evaluation of breeding bulls based on quality of offspring considering crossing options","authors":"M. Abramova, S. Zyryanova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-452-463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-452-463","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding takes the main place in the complex of measures for intensification of dairy cattle breeding. A characteristic feature of breeding work is identification of the most valuable genotypes and their further use in cattle population. The Holstein breed is considered one of the most highly productive breeds, in many countries of the world it is used for the genetic improvement of local breeds. In this regard, a comparative assessment of methods for determining the breeding value of bulls of different genotypes obtained by interbreeding is relevant. The results of assessment of genetic superiority of the used breeding bulls in terms of milk productivity of daughters for the first lactation through interannual deviations of the homogeneous peers are presented, the best producers in all the studied herds are identified, it is established which breeds the best and worst breeding bulls belong to. The research revealed that 18% of bulls had genetic superiority at controlled farms (9% - Holstein breed, 6% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 3% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls), a negative value - 24% including 9% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 9% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls and 6% - Holstein bulls. A comparative evaluation of the two methods showed a high reliable positive correlation between results of Mikhailovsky type bulls and Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls equal to 0.82 and 0.56, respectively, which indicates a high reliability of the method of genetic superiority index, which can be used to evaluate bulls during crossbreeding. It is possible to increase the genetic potential of herds by excluding producers with a negative genetic index. The obtained results are recommended to be used when mating bulls and for development of breeding programs for individual herds or entire population","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74663823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-425-439
E. Kovalyova, I. Vagurin, A. Akinchin, O. Kuzmina
Fertility of soils is largely determined by their physical and chemical properties. Response of soil environment is a mobile indicator of soil fertility. Direction and intensity of almost all soil processes that provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassi- um regimes of soils, as well as availability of macro- and microelements for plants, depend on it. The paper presents the result of a field study of acid-alkaline conditions of profiles of black soil of typical and leached different terms of agricultural use of soil cat- ens of the meadow-steppe section of the Belgorod region in 2019. The research object was different-age arable areas with an age of agricultural development of 140 and 240 years, respectively. The steepness of surface in areas corresponding to the meadow-steppe zonal landscape of the forest-steppe did not exceed 4-6 °. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the mead- ow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite expositions did not differ significantly. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern ex- position reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units. The research results can be used in development of agricultural systems in crop industries.
{"title":"Study of acid-alkaline conditions of different-age arable soils of landscape catens of Central Forest-Steppe","authors":"E. Kovalyova, I. Vagurin, A. Akinchin, O. Kuzmina","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-425-439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-425-439","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility of soils is largely determined by their physical and chemical properties. Response of soil environment is a mobile indicator of soil fertility. Direction and intensity of almost all soil processes that provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassi- um regimes of soils, as well as availability of macro- and microelements for plants, depend on it. The paper presents the result of a field study of acid-alkaline conditions of profiles of black soil of typical and leached different terms of agricultural use of soil cat- ens of the meadow-steppe section of the Belgorod region in 2019. The research object was different-age arable areas with an age of agricultural development of 140 and 240 years, respectively. The steepness of surface in areas corresponding to the meadow-steppe zonal landscape of the forest-steppe did not exceed 4-6 °. As a result of field studies, 32 incisions were studied in the mead- ow-steppe section (6 incisions on background catens and 12 incisions on open catens). Each incision was provided with layered values of morphometric indicators of soil horizons. For background steppe soils, shade slopes are characterized by more alkaline conditions, in comparison with southern slopes. For 140-year-old arable land, the situation is opposite: shadow slopes have a more acidic reaction of the medium, in comparison with insoluble ones; for 240-year-old arable land, alkaline-acid conditions on the slopes of opposite expositions did not differ significantly. In the first 140 years of plowing, acidification of the soil profile occurs; the difference in the pH value between the background and arable land values of 140 years of age on the slope of the northern ex- position reaches 1.6 on the surface, gradually decreasing to 0.2 at depth. Further plowing leads to alkalization of the soil profile by 0.6-0.9 pH units. The research results can be used in development of agricultural systems in crop industries.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91132008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-440-451
I. A. Golub, A. L. Andronik, A. Ivanova
Use of computer technology allows to quickly analyze and use subject, technological, analytical and other information. Biometric statistics in plant breeding is aimed at optimizing (increasing efficiency, reliability, acceleration and cheapening) the process of breeding varieties of agricultural crops. Therefore, creation and study of new varieties of oil flax requires widespread introduction of modern computer information technologies that provide information support of the breeding process at all its stages. Methods of multi-criteria mathematical statistics - factor and cluster analyses - were used in the studies for a comprehensive assessment of hybrid populations of oil flax by productivity elements (plant height, technical length, inflorescence length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds in a box, weight of 100 seeds, and oil content in seeds). Effectiveness of selection of hybrids of the third cycle of breeding has been evaluated, and also the distinctive features of hybrid combinations in a number of generations have been established. As a result of selection and technological cycle of the analysis, 31 highly productive hybrids (or 6.9%) were identified for further reproduction. Despite the high level of the breeding differential determined in hybrid combinations during the F2-F3 generation change, their response to traits based selection according to “number of seeds in a box” and “weight of 100 seeds” was weak, and selection by the number of boxes and seeds from the plant turned out to be ineffective. The selection method used makes it possible to cull low-yielding plants that have fallen into the worst groups of clusters. Culling by the method of multidimensional analysis should be used in later generations (fourth-fifth cycle of selection) as homozygosity of traits is established.
{"title":"Selection of productive hybrid oil flax plants by methods of multivariate analysis","authors":"I. A. Golub, A. L. Andronik, A. Ivanova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-440-451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-440-451","url":null,"abstract":"Use of computer technology allows to quickly analyze and use subject, technological, analytical and other information. Biometric statistics in plant breeding is aimed at optimizing (increasing efficiency, reliability, acceleration and cheapening) the process of breeding varieties of agricultural crops. Therefore, creation and study of new varieties of oil flax requires widespread introduction of modern computer information technologies that provide information support of the breeding process at all its stages. Methods of multi-criteria mathematical statistics - factor and cluster analyses - were used in the studies for a comprehensive assessment of hybrid populations of oil flax by productivity elements (plant height, technical length, inflorescence length, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds in a box, weight of 100 seeds, and oil content in seeds). Effectiveness of selection of hybrids of the third cycle of breeding has been evaluated, and also the distinctive features of hybrid combinations in a number of generations have been established. As a result of selection and technological cycle of the analysis, 31 highly productive hybrids (or 6.9%) were identified for further reproduction. Despite the high level of the breeding differential determined in hybrid combinations during the F2-F3 generation change, their response to traits based selection according to “number of seeds in a box” and “weight of 100 seeds” was weak, and selection by the number of boxes and seeds from the plant turned out to be ineffective. The selection method used makes it possible to cull low-yielding plants that have fallen into the worst groups of clusters. Culling by the method of multidimensional analysis should be used in later generations (fourth-fifth cycle of selection) as homozygosity of traits is established.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85319751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-464-476
Н. Кипень, В. Снытков, В. Иванова, V. Kipen, M. Mikhailova, E. V. Snytkov, E. Romanishko, Ekaterina V. Ivanova
Determining the purebredity of farm animals in a breeding system is of key importance for the entire livestock industry. Purebred breeding of plant breeds is designed to ensure the production of high-value improving breeding material for commercial livestock breeding. Determination of purebredity of pigs can be carried out using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The multiplexing technology today has reached a level that makes it possible to characterize tens and hundreds of thousands of polymorphic variants simultaneously for hundreds of animals in one run of the device. For the first time, using bioinformatics methods, an analysis of genome-wide projects was carried out for 264 individuals of the species Sus scrofa located in the Sequence Read Archive (NCBI-SRA). The in silico genotype was determined for 692 SNPs, of which 59 SNPs showed a significant potential for differentiation of four commercial breeds: large white (the most significant SNPs are Chr. 6: g.85845403T> G and Chr.16: g.74053569T> C), duroc (Chr. 4: g.55661608A> G, Chr. 14: g.107689091T> C and Chr. 14: g.107939105T> C), landrace (Chr. 5: g.99925204A> G, Chr. 18: g .40100481A> G and Chr. 18: g.7664624A> G) and pietrain (Chr. 13: g.136017764T> C and Chr.17: g.47595840A> G). For breeds of duroc and pietrain pigs, the accuracy of differentiation was at least 99%, for breeds of large white and landrace pigs - over 80%, however, the sensitivity indicator characterizing the percentage of false positive results of classification was slightly over 65%. Creation of models for molecularand-genetic studies of these breeds will allow for a genetic examination of their purebredity, which will contribute to an increase in their breeding value and preservation of the national gene pool.
在育种系统中确定农场动物的纯种性对整个畜牧业至关重要。植物品种的纯种育种旨在确保生产高价值的改良育种材料，用于商业性牲畜育种。用单核苷酸多态性(SNP)测定猪的纯种性。今天的多路复用技术已经达到了一个水平，可以在一次运行的设备中同时表征数百只动物的数万和数十万个多态性变体。利用生物信息学方法，首次对序列读取档案(Sequence Read Archive, NCBI-SRA)中264个苏氏scrofa个体的全基因组项目进行了分析。其中59个snp对4个商品品种具有显著的分化潜力:大白(最显著的snp为Chr. 6: G . 85845403t > G和Chr.16: G . 74053569t > C)、杜洛克(Chr. 4: G . 55661608a > G、Chr. 14: G . 107689091t > C和Chr. 14: G . 107939105t > C)、长白(Chr. 5: G . 99925204a > G、Chr. 18: G . 40100481a > G和Chr. 18: G . 7664624a > G)和pietrain (Chr. 13: G . 136017764t > C和Chr.17)。G . 47595840a > G)。杜洛克猪和彼得列猪品种的分类准确率至少为99%，大白猪和长白猪品种的分类准确率超过80%，但分类误报率的敏感性指标略高于65%。为这些品种的分子遗传学研究建立模型将允许对其纯种性进行遗传检查，这将有助于提高其育种价值和保存国家基因库。
{"title":"Bioinformatic analysis of genomes of commercial breeds of domestic pigs for identification of breed-specific SNPs","authors":"Н. Кипень, В. Снытков, В. Иванова, V. Kipen, M. Mikhailova, E. V. Snytkov, E. Romanishko, Ekaterina V. Ivanova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-464-476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-464-476","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the purebredity of farm animals in a breeding system is of key importance for the entire livestock industry. Purebred breeding of plant breeds is designed to ensure the production of high-value improving breeding material for commercial livestock breeding. Determination of purebredity of pigs can be carried out using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The multiplexing technology today has reached a level that makes it possible to characterize tens and hundreds of thousands of polymorphic variants simultaneously for hundreds of animals in one run of the device. For the first time, using bioinformatics methods, an analysis of genome-wide projects was carried out for 264 individuals of the species Sus scrofa located in the Sequence Read Archive (NCBI-SRA). The in silico genotype was determined for 692 SNPs, of which 59 SNPs showed a significant potential for differentiation of four commercial breeds: large white (the most significant SNPs are Chr. 6: g.85845403T> G and Chr.16: g.74053569T> C), duroc (Chr. 4: g.55661608A> G, Chr. 14: g.107689091T> C and Chr. 14: g.107939105T> C), landrace (Chr. 5: g.99925204A> G, Chr. 18: g .40100481A> G and Chr. 18: g.7664624A> G) and pietrain (Chr. 13: g.136017764T> C and Chr.17: g.47595840A> G). For breeds of duroc and pietrain pigs, the accuracy of differentiation was at least 99%, for breeds of large white and landrace pigs - over 80%, however, the sensitivity indicator characterizing the percentage of false positive results of classification was slightly over 65%. Creation of models for molecularand-genetic studies of these breeds will allow for a genetic examination of their purebredity, which will contribute to an increase in their breeding value and preservation of the national gene pool.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88287580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-391-409
S. A. Kondratenko, G. Gusakov, N. Karpovich, I. V. Gusakova, L. T. Yonchik, A. Ludmila
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the food security problem in many countries around the world. Although agri-food systems were more resilient to shocks than other sectors of the economy, the global economic downturn caused by the pandemic increased unemployment, lowered overall incomes and purchasing power, forcing consumers to switch to cheaper diets. The identified problems are exacerbated by the continuing increase in land degradation and biodiversity and increasingly frequent adverse weather events. In this regard, taking into account the increasing degree of involvement of states in international processes, it seems relevant to study the provision of national food security of the Republic of Belarus in the context of global trends for the timely identification and anticipation of risks and threats. The paper presents the results of study of modern aspects of ensuring food security at the global and national levels. The tendencies of physical and economic accessibility of food in the domestic market are revealed, the assessment of level of nutrition and quality of life of population is presented. Prospective directions for improving the state policy in the field of food security are substantiated, aimed at the optimal use of production potential, maintaining supply of food to population at a level sufficient for healthy nutrition, eliminating dependence on unjustified imports, protecting the interests of domestic producers, as well as enhancing foreign economic activity. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Research Program “Agricultural Technologies and Food Security” (subprogram 9.7 “Economy of agro-industrial complex”).
{"title":"Ensuring food security of the Republic of Belarus in the context of global trends","authors":"S. A. Kondratenko, G. Gusakov, N. Karpovich, I. V. Gusakova, L. T. Yonchik, A. Ludmila","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-391-409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-4-391-409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the food security problem in many countries around the world. Although agri-food systems were more resilient to shocks than other sectors of the economy, the global economic downturn caused by the pandemic increased unemployment, lowered overall incomes and purchasing power, forcing consumers to switch to cheaper diets. The identified problems are exacerbated by the continuing increase in land degradation and biodiversity and increasingly frequent adverse weather events. In this regard, taking into account the increasing degree of involvement of states in international processes, it seems relevant to study the provision of national food security of the Republic of Belarus in the context of global trends for the timely identification and anticipation of risks and threats. The paper presents the results of study of modern aspects of ensuring food security at the global and national levels. The tendencies of physical and economic accessibility of food in the domestic market are revealed, the assessment of level of nutrition and quality of life of population is presented. Prospective directions for improving the state policy in the field of food security are substantiated, aimed at the optimal use of production potential, maintaining supply of food to population at a level sufficient for healthy nutrition, eliminating dependence on unjustified imports, protecting the interests of domestic producers, as well as enhancing foreign economic activity. Acknowledgments. The research was carried out within the framework of the State Research Program “Agricultural Technologies and Food Security” (subprogram 9.7 “Economy of agro-industrial complex”).","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89442252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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