Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-151-161
A. Makarova, A. Vakhrameev, Z. Fedorova
{"title":"Dynamics of the growth of exterior and interior indicators in ontogenesis in chickens of gene pool populations and broilers","authors":"A. Makarova, A. Vakhrameev, Z. Fedorova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-151-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-151-161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84304527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-05DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-120-132
S. L. Krautsou, I. Volchkevich, N. Krupenko, V. I. Khalaeva, D. V. Golubtsov, K. A. Romanovich
Digitalization, or digital transformation, is an innovative approach to solving the key task of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus – increasing / maintaining the profitability of crop production. Digitalization makes it possible to bring crop production to a new level of development, providing a fundamental restructuring of the decision-making and implementation of agro-technological operations, reducing risks and expanding possibilities of sustainable and efficient crop production. Efficiency of digitalization of crop production is considered in relation to certain aspects of an average agricultural organization in the Republic of Belarus. The following main interrelated areas of digitalization in crop production have been identified: soil-and-agrochemical analysis, precision arable farming, prediction of the diseases and pests of crops. Due to significant growth of energy prices nowadays (basic elements in the formation of the final cost of crop production), efficiency of digitalization was assessed not directly in terms of value, but in reducing the costs of growing products and in saved crops. The greatest effect, according to the results of the assessment, is expected from such areas of digitalization as soiland-agrochemical analysis, as well as prediction of the diseases and pests of agricultural crops. The results of soil-and-agrochemical analysis can be used to improve the soil fertility – a vital condition for long-term increase of crop yields. Prediction of the diseases and pests of crops is one of the main elements of comprehensive protection of crops – a large reserve for increasing crop production. At the same time, despite the positive aspect of digitalization in agricultural branch of the Republic of Belarus, it is rather a labor-intensive process together with the high cost of necessary equipment and software, as well as the use complexity.
{"title":"Certain aspects of efficiency of crop production digitalization in the Republic of Belarus","authors":"S. L. Krautsou, I. Volchkevich, N. Krupenko, V. I. Khalaeva, D. V. Golubtsov, K. A. Romanovich","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-120-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-120-132","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization, or digital transformation, is an innovative approach to solving the key task of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus – increasing / maintaining the profitability of crop production. Digitalization makes it possible to bring crop production to a new level of development, providing a fundamental restructuring of the decision-making and implementation of agro-technological operations, reducing risks and expanding possibilities of sustainable and efficient crop production. Efficiency of digitalization of crop production is considered in relation to certain aspects of an average agricultural organization in the Republic of Belarus. The following main interrelated areas of digitalization in crop production have been identified: soil-and-agrochemical analysis, precision arable farming, prediction of the diseases and pests of crops. Due to significant growth of energy prices nowadays (basic elements in the formation of the final cost of crop production), efficiency of digitalization was assessed not directly in terms of value, but in reducing the costs of growing products and in saved crops. The greatest effect, according to the results of the assessment, is expected from such areas of digitalization as soiland-agrochemical analysis, as well as prediction of the diseases and pests of agricultural crops. The results of soil-and-agrochemical analysis can be used to improve the soil fertility – a vital condition for long-term increase of crop yields. Prediction of the diseases and pests of crops is one of the main elements of comprehensive protection of crops – a large reserve for increasing crop production. At the same time, despite the positive aspect of digitalization in agricultural branch of the Republic of Belarus, it is rather a labor-intensive process together with the high cost of necessary equipment and software, as well as the use complexity.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90419126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-109-119
T. Tsetsiarynets
In the current conditions of development of the agrarian economy the problem of increasing the efficiency of human capital use is brought to the forefront. It’s happening due to the limited resources of extensive growth on the one hand, and the need for predominant use of intensive factors on the other hand. The above-mentioned circumstances increase importance of the task of developing methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of human capital functioning in the agrarian sector of the Belarusian economy, and finding reserves and searching directions based on it for increasing the efficiency of its use. According to the above mentioned, the main purpose of the study is to form a new methodological approach to the measurement of human capital functioning efficiency in the agrarian sector, allowing to assess the probability of risk occurrence and determine the amount of lost profit due to a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators. The methodology of scientific search is based on application of economic and mathematical methods based on statistical analysis of studied indicators. The study of literary sources made it possible to determine the list of indicators allowing to comprehensively measure the efficiency of the agrarian human capital functioning. Comprehensive analysis of this process’s indicators shows a decrease in the efficiency of human resource use. Increase of gross calculated markers does not correlate with the dynamics of point indicators, thus, not confirming the growth of human capital functioning efficiency in the agrarian field. The calculations made it possible to outline the lines of intensive capitalization of human potential, including intellectual, social and institutional vectors of development. The proposed directions act as one of the most effective ways of intellectualization of human capital in the conditions of modern innovative transformations and can be used by public administration, scientific community and local initiative groups to develop policy documents on the national and regional level.
{"title":"Measuring the efficiency of human capital in the agricultural sector of Belarus","authors":"T. Tsetsiarynets","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-109-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-109-119","url":null,"abstract":"In the current conditions of development of the agrarian economy the problem of increasing the efficiency of human capital use is brought to the forefront. It’s happening due to the limited resources of extensive growth on the one hand, and the need for predominant use of intensive factors on the other hand. The above-mentioned circumstances increase importance of the task of developing methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of human capital functioning in the agrarian sector of the Belarusian economy, and finding reserves and searching directions based on it for increasing the efficiency of its use. According to the above mentioned, the main purpose of the study is to form a new methodological approach to the measurement of human capital functioning efficiency in the agrarian sector, allowing to assess the probability of risk occurrence and determine the amount of lost profit due to a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators. The methodology of scientific search is based on application of economic and mathematical methods based on statistical analysis of studied indicators. The study of literary sources made it possible to determine the list of indicators allowing to comprehensively measure the efficiency of the agrarian human capital functioning. Comprehensive analysis of this process’s indicators shows a decrease in the efficiency of human resource use. Increase of gross calculated markers does not correlate with the dynamics of point indicators, thus, not confirming the growth of human capital functioning efficiency in the agrarian field. The calculations made it possible to outline the lines of intensive capitalization of human potential, including intellectual, social and institutional vectors of development. The proposed directions act as one of the most effective ways of intellectualization of human capital in the conditions of modern innovative transformations and can be used by public administration, scientific community and local initiative groups to develop policy documents on the national and regional level.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84852103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-95-108
I. A. Vaitko
Currently, most of the world’s countries are pursuing an active agrarian policy in order to support national agricultural producers. At the same time, the ongoing changes in the global and domestic food markets, due to rising prices, reduction in the product range, and social tension in society require optimization of costs of the country’s budgets and development of proposals for the most effective measures. The paper presents an analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of direct budget support for agricultural production used in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Taking into account the identified advantages and disadvantages of applying these approaches in practice in the Republic of Belarus, as well as using the experience of the EAEU member states, methodological approaches have been developed to assess the efficiency of state support measures aimed at subsidizing of: 1) compensation for the cost of production resources; 2) price support; 3) losses of banks related to issuing preferential loans to rural producers; 4) stimulating the volume of output and the efficiency of related types of economic activity by increasing the amount of resources produced by the agriculture. Based on the presented developments, the most rational level of production costs was determined, when each additional ruble (as well as according to types) invested in the production allows to get the maximum increase in performance indicators. In addition, a positive effect of stimulating the growth of agricultural production on the performance of manufacturing (food) industry entities has been determined. These developments can be used to justify the sources and volumes of financing the priority areas for development of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus in the mid- and long-term outlook.
{"title":"Direct budget subsidizing as a factor of sustainable development of agricultural production in the Republic of Belarus","authors":"I. A. Vaitko","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-95-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-2-95-108","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, most of the world’s countries are pursuing an active agrarian policy in order to support national agricultural producers. At the same time, the ongoing changes in the global and domestic food markets, due to rising prices, reduction in the product range, and social tension in society require optimization of costs of the country’s budgets and development of proposals for the most effective measures. The paper presents an analysis of methodological approaches to assessing the efficiency of direct budget support for agricultural production used in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Taking into account the identified advantages and disadvantages of applying these approaches in practice in the Republic of Belarus, as well as using the experience of the EAEU member states, methodological approaches have been developed to assess the efficiency of state support measures aimed at subsidizing of: 1) compensation for the cost of production resources; 2) price support; 3) losses of banks related to issuing preferential loans to rural producers; 4) stimulating the volume of output and the efficiency of related types of economic activity by increasing the amount of resources produced by the agriculture. Based on the presented developments, the most rational level of production costs was determined, when each additional ruble (as well as according to types) invested in the production allows to get the maximum increase in performance indicators. In addition, a positive effect of stimulating the growth of agricultural production on the performance of manufacturing (food) industry entities has been determined. These developments can be used to justify the sources and volumes of financing the priority areas for development of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus in the mid- and long-term outlook.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89261193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-69-77
V. Perednya, N. Bakach, A. Romanovich, E. L. Zhilich, A. Kuvshinov
Technologies and equipment sets for the preparation of whole milk replacer (WMR) for feeding calves of the dairy period are presented in the paper. It is shown that the farms of Russia and Belarus mainly use imported milk replacer. Studies have established that it is more relevant to produce milk replacer in our countries based on local leguminous crops. The grains of these crops contain the necessary components, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. only in hard-to-digest forms for calves of the dairy period with gastrointestinal not being yet formed. It is shown that the effect of heat and moisture in combination with the use of cavitation treatment of a mixture of leguminous crops can be used to obtain high-quality whole milk replacers. In order to reduce the metal and energy capacities of the milk replacer preparation process, electromagnetic waves were used, which also made it possible to reduce the processing time of the components. Analytical studies made it possible to establish that the cavitation phenomenon occurs in the liquid when the pressure decreases in it to the limit, when the stream ruptures occur. Based on the studies, the parameters of the structural elements of the cavitator-hydrodispergator are established, which ensure the mode of the destruction of grain forces.
{"title":"Innovative technology and equipment for preparing whole milk replacer","authors":"V. Perednya, N. Bakach, A. Romanovich, E. L. Zhilich, A. Kuvshinov","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-69-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-69-77","url":null,"abstract":"Technologies and equipment sets for the preparation of whole milk replacer (WMR) for feeding calves of the dairy period are presented in the paper. It is shown that the farms of Russia and Belarus mainly use imported milk replacer. Studies have established that it is more relevant to produce milk replacer in our countries based on local leguminous crops. The grains of these crops contain the necessary components, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. only in hard-to-digest forms for calves of the dairy period with gastrointestinal not being yet formed. It is shown that the effect of heat and moisture in combination with the use of cavitation treatment of a mixture of leguminous crops can be used to obtain high-quality whole milk replacers. In order to reduce the metal and energy capacities of the milk replacer preparation process, electromagnetic waves were used, which also made it possible to reduce the processing time of the components. Analytical studies made it possible to establish that the cavitation phenomenon occurs in the liquid when the pressure decreases in it to the limit, when the stream ruptures occur. Based on the studies, the parameters of the structural elements of the cavitator-hydrodispergator are established, which ensure the mode of the destruction of grain forces.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75030841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-87-88
A. Editorial
.
．
{"title":"Gusakov Vladimir Grigorievich (To the 70th Anniversary)","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-87-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-87-88","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72929661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-48-60
М. И. Челнокова, Арсений Андреевич Челноков, Ю. В. Аржанкова, Т. И. Скопцова, M. Chelnokova, A. Chelnokov, Julia V. Arzhankova, Tatiana I. Skoptsova
The effect of various photoperiod modes of red LED lighting on eggs under incubation on the growth, development of visceral organs, hematological profile of blood, stress level, metabolism, chicken embryos and results of incubation of egg of Lohmann Brown cross has bee studied. On the 21st day, with a 24-hour light mode, embryos showed an increase in body length and weight, muscle stomach, liver and spleen, and at 18- and 12-hour mode – body weight, muscle stomach, liver and spleen. In the absence of light and 12-hour light mode, embryos showed lymphocytopenia and neutrophilia, and increased stress levels. At the 24- and 18 hours modes, the intensity of respiration and level of basal metabolism in embryos on the 21st day increased compared to developing embryos in the absence of light and with 12-hour light impact. The 24- and 18-hour modes were superior in terms of number of chickens bred compared to control and 12-hour lighting mode. The hatching under prolonged light was significantly higher than in absence of light and under 12-hour illumination by 1.99–2.33 p.p. and 4.99– 5.33 %, and hatchability – by 2.16–3.32 p.p. and 3.68–4.84 %. The highest embryonic viability during 19–21 days was detected with round-the–clock lighting, and the highest fetal death was detected with 12-hour lighting. Thus, in the practice of incubation of eggs of the Lohmann Brown cross, it is advisable to use continuous red LED lighting, which contributes to intensive development of chicken embryos and visceral organs (muscle stomach, liver and spleen), stress resistance, optimization of metabolism, increased hatching and hatchability.
{"title":"Effect of the photoperiod of red led lighting during incubation on the growth, hematological and physiological parameters of chicken embryos of Lohmann Brown cross","authors":"М. И. Челнокова, Арсений Андреевич Челноков, Ю. В. Аржанкова, Т. И. Скопцова, M. Chelnokova, A. Chelnokov, Julia V. Arzhankova, Tatiana I. Skoptsova","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-48-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-48-60","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of various photoperiod modes of red LED lighting on eggs under incubation on the growth, development of visceral organs, hematological profile of blood, stress level, metabolism, chicken embryos and results of incubation of egg of Lohmann Brown cross has bee studied. On the 21st day, with a 24-hour light mode, embryos showed an increase in body length and weight, muscle stomach, liver and spleen, and at 18- and 12-hour mode – body weight, muscle stomach, liver and spleen. In the absence of light and 12-hour light mode, embryos showed lymphocytopenia and neutrophilia, and increased stress levels. At the 24- and 18 hours modes, the intensity of respiration and level of basal metabolism in embryos on the 21st day increased compared to developing embryos in the absence of light and with 12-hour light impact. The 24- and 18-hour modes were superior in terms of number of chickens bred compared to control and 12-hour lighting mode. The hatching under prolonged light was significantly higher than in absence of light and under 12-hour illumination by 1.99–2.33 p.p. and 4.99– 5.33 %, and hatchability – by 2.16–3.32 p.p. and 3.68–4.84 %. The highest embryonic viability during 19–21 days was detected with round-the–clock lighting, and the highest fetal death was detected with 12-hour lighting. Thus, in the practice of incubation of eggs of the Lohmann Brown cross, it is advisable to use continuous red LED lighting, which contributes to intensive development of chicken embryos and visceral organs (muscle stomach, liver and spleen), stress resistance, optimization of metabolism, increased hatching and hatchability.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83720380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-22-33
I. Bogdevitch
A critical overview of dynamics of agrochemical indices of arable soils fertility over 50-year period is presented. The low-yield sod-podzol and swampy soils of Belarus were relatively poor in available plant nutrients. As a result of the largescale water engineering, liming and the intensive use of fertilizers over the period of 1965–2020 the productivity of arable land increased from 1.5 to 4.6 tons per hectare in grain equivalent. The significant improvement of soil fertility status was also achieved. Data of soil fertility status are based on the large-scale soil test monitoring conducted by State Agrochemical Service every 4–5 years. The share of strongly and moderately acid soils with pH < 5.0, that are harmful for the main crops, decreased from 66.8 % in 1970 to 4.5% of total area of arable land in 2004. However, the share of acid arable soils increased up to 9.8% in 2020, due to insufficient volume of liming that will be increased in the forthcoming years. The average organic matter (O.M.) content had been strongly increased from 1.77 to 2.28 % during the period of 1970–2000, due to high share of perennial grasses in cropping structure and manure application up to 14–15 t/ha per year. About 1 million ha of drained soils with the high O.M. content was also involved to arable land. The average O.M. content in the last two decades had been in mobile equilibrium of 2.23–2.27 % with a tendency to decline in some districts. The average contents of mobile Phosphorous and Potassium in arable soils increased up to 2.4–3.2 times during the experimental period and they are in the optimal range for cultivated crops. Currently balanced fertilization is the most important, with differentiation of fertilizer rates that would be most suitable to crop requirements and soil tests on each field. Formation and maintenance of optimal soil fertility indices, especially pH and mobile Р2О5 and К2О contents, are strictly controlled as protective measures on the land contaminated with radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr after Chernobyl accident. Measures to improve the efficiency of capital investment at fertility reproduction and use of arable soils are discussed currently.
{"title":"Results and prospects of optimization of agrochemical indicies of arable soils fertility in Belarus","authors":"I. Bogdevitch","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-22-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-22-33","url":null,"abstract":"A critical overview of dynamics of agrochemical indices of arable soils fertility over 50-year period is presented. The low-yield sod-podzol and swampy soils of Belarus were relatively poor in available plant nutrients. As a result of the largescale water engineering, liming and the intensive use of fertilizers over the period of 1965–2020 the productivity of arable land increased from 1.5 to 4.6 tons per hectare in grain equivalent. The significant improvement of soil fertility status was also achieved. Data of soil fertility status are based on the large-scale soil test monitoring conducted by State Agrochemical Service every 4–5 years. The share of strongly and moderately acid soils with pH < 5.0, that are harmful for the main crops, decreased from 66.8 % in 1970 to 4.5% of total area of arable land in 2004. However, the share of acid arable soils increased up to 9.8% in 2020, due to insufficient volume of liming that will be increased in the forthcoming years. The average organic matter (O.M.) content had been strongly increased from 1.77 to 2.28 % during the period of 1970–2000, due to high share of perennial grasses in cropping structure and manure application up to 14–15 t/ha per year. About 1 million ha of drained soils with the high O.M. content was also involved to arable land. The average O.M. content in the last two decades had been in mobile equilibrium of 2.23–2.27 % with a tendency to decline in some districts. The average contents of mobile Phosphorous and Potassium in arable soils increased up to 2.4–3.2 times during the experimental period and they are in the optimal range for cultivated crops. Currently balanced fertilization is the most important, with differentiation of fertilizer rates that would be most suitable to crop requirements and soil tests on each field. Formation and maintenance of optimal soil fertility indices, especially pH and mobile Р2О5 and К2О contents, are strictly controlled as protective measures on the land contaminated with radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr after Chernobyl accident. Measures to improve the efficiency of capital investment at fertility reproduction and use of arable soils are discussed currently.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78577961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-78-86
Z. V. Lovkis
The enormous role of water in the life of all living beings, including humans, is due to the fact that it is a universal solvent for a huge number of chemicals. Water was one of the first compounds to attract the attention of scientists, yet its study is still incomplete. Water is the basis of life and the raw material for a huge number of technologies in all industries. The water used for the technological process in the food industry must comply with hygienic requirements and, in addition to cleaning, reducing turbidity and color, requires correction of the salt composition: removal of salts and molecularly soluble compounds, reduction in the content of calcium and magnesium ions (water softening), removal of individual elements (boron, radon, nitrates, silicates, other elements), introduction of a dosed amount of ions (iodides, fluorides, silver, potassium, calcium, acids and alkalis) to achieve the required pH. Drinking and process water treatment is carried out according to different technologies with the use of special equipment for cleaning, iron removal, disinfection, softening and other types of treatment. The paper presents the results of studies of the quality and safety indicators of drinking water for children in the retail chains of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the results of clinical trials of drinking oxygenated water.
{"title":"Assessment of quality and safety indicators of drinking and process water","authors":"Z. V. Lovkis","doi":"10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-78-86","url":null,"abstract":"The enormous role of water in the life of all living beings, including humans, is due to the fact that it is a universal solvent for a huge number of chemicals. Water was one of the first compounds to attract the attention of scientists, yet its study is still incomplete. Water is the basis of life and the raw material for a huge number of technologies in all industries. The water used for the technological process in the food industry must comply with hygienic requirements and, in addition to cleaning, reducing turbidity and color, requires correction of the salt composition: removal of salts and molecularly soluble compounds, reduction in the content of calcium and magnesium ions (water softening), removal of individual elements (boron, radon, nitrates, silicates, other elements), introduction of a dosed amount of ions (iodides, fluorides, silver, potassium, calcium, acids and alkalis) to achieve the required pH. Drinking and process water treatment is carried out according to different technologies with the use of special equipment for cleaning, iron removal, disinfection, softening and other types of treatment. The paper presents the results of studies of the quality and safety indicators of drinking water for children in the retail chains of the Republic of Belarus, as well as the results of clinical trials of drinking oxygenated water.","PeriodicalId":41146,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus-Agrarian Series","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85396032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.29235/1817-7204-2023-61-1-61-68
M. Mikailov, O. Chernykh, S. Gunashev, E. Yanikova, A. A. Khalikov, G. Nurlygayanova, O. Sklyarov, V. Lemiasheuski
The results of comparative brucellosis diagnostic studies of blood sera from cattle at farms with different epizootic situations, performed in 2021 in the laboratory of the Caspian Zonal Research Veterinary Institute – a branch of the Dagestan Agriculture Science Centre, are presented in the paper. The diagnostic efficiency of the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) was studied in comparison with enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), agglutination test (RA), complement fixation test (CFR), rose-bengal test (RBP) and immunodiffusion reaction with O-PS antigen (RID with O-PS antigen). The specificity of these serological tests was confirmed by the negative results of studies of 40 samples of blood serum of non-vaccinated against brucellosis animals at a brucellosis-safe farm. The sensitivity of the tested diagnostic tools was determined using 46 blood serum samples from cows immunized with the B. abortus 82 vaccine at a brucellosis-prone farm. According to the results obtained, in particular, according to a significant percentage of animals positively reacting to brucellosis in RID with O-PS antigen and high titers of RNHA, RA and RSK, it can be stated that the infection in the herd proceeds in an acute form. Thus, positive results were obtained in RNGA in the study of 18 (39.1%), ELISA (LLC NPF “Sibbiotest”) – 29 (63 %), in RSK – 18 (39.1 %), in RA – 15 (32.6 %), RBP – 15 (32.6 %) and RID with O-PS antigen – 7 (15.2 %) blood serum samples. The conducted studies have shown that RNHA is one of the most sensitive tests, which makes it possible to detect a high percentage of animals with brucellosis at a brucellosis-prone farm (39.1% of those studied) in the early stages after infection and surpasses the results of most other serological methods. The results of comparative serological studies of blood serum samples of cattle in RNHA, IEA, RSK, RA, RBP and RID with O-PS confirmed the specificity of the tests and the high sensitivity of RNHA with brucellosis erythrocyte antigen.
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