Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

{"title":"Decay spectroscopy of heavy and superheavy nuclei","authors":"Dieter Ackermann","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After more than half a century since the first predictions of the so-called <em>“island of stability of superheavy nuclei”</em>, exploring the limits of nuclear stability at highest atomic numbers is still one of the most prominent challenges in low-energy nuclear physics. These exotic nuclear species reveal their character and details of some of their properties through their induced or spontaneous disintegration.</div><div>The achievements in the field of superheavy nuclei (SHN) research, which involves studying the production and decay of the heaviest nuclear species, have been reported in a number of review papers. In the introduction of this paper, references are provided to review papers, summarizing the many aspects of SHN research in other disciplines, like chemistry, atomic physics, and earlier work on nuclear structure, including in-beam spectroscopy, and superheavy element (SHE) synthesis.</div><div>This review is an attempt to summarize the experimental progress that has been made in recent years by employing the versatile tool park of Decay Spectroscopy After Separation (DSAS) for the heaviest isotopes from <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 99 (einsteinium) to <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> 118 (oganesson). DSAS, with its major instrumentation components heavy-ion accelerator, separator and decay detection, is the only way to access the heaviest nuclei up to oganesson. While in-beam <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>-spectroscopy has reached ²⁵⁶Rf in terms of the highest atomic number <span><math><mi>Z</mi></math></span> and mass number <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>, SHE chemistry succeeded to sort flerovium (<span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mo>=</mo></mrow></math></span> <!--> <!-->114) as the heaviest element into the periodic table. Laser spectroscopy and precise mass measurements are limited basically to the nobelium/fermium region, with high-precision Penning-trap mass-measurements being performed for ²⁵⁶Lr and ²⁵⁷Rf, and with the ²⁵⁷Db mass obtained, using a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MRToF MS).</div><div>Apart from a brief introduction of the method (DSAS) and some nuclear structure features of SHN, the experimental findings reported in literature are summarized in this review, including a table listing the major decay properties, providing a comprehensive collection of references to experimental publications for each known isotope and isomeric state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104215"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamical coupled-channel models for hadron dynamics","authors":"Michael Döring ,&nbsp;Johann Haidenbauer ,&nbsp;Maxim Mai ,&nbsp;Toru Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dynamical coupled-channel (DCC) approaches parametrize the interactions and dynamics of two and more hadrons and their response to different electroweak probes. The inclusion of unitarity, three-body channels, and other properties from scattering theory allows for a reliable extraction of resonance spectra and their properties from data. We review the formalism and application of the ANL–Osaka, the Juelich–Bonn–Washington, and other DCC approaches in the context of light baryon resonances from meson, (virtual) photon, and neutrino-induced reactions, as well as production reactions, strange baryons, light mesons, heavy meson systems, exotics, and baryon–baryon interactions. Finally, we also provide a connection of the formalism to study finite-volume spectra obtained in Lattice QCD, and review applications involving modern statistical and machine learning tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104213"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of γN and γ∗N interactions on our understanding of nucleon excitations","authors":"Volker Burkert ,&nbsp;Gernot Eichmann ,&nbsp;Eberhard Klempt","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review recent progress in our understanding of the nucleon excitation spectrum. Thanks to dedicated efforts at facilities such as ELSA, MAMI and Jefferson Lab, several new nucleon resonances have been discovered, and evidence for previously elusive states has been significantly improved. Numerous decay channels have been observed for the first time, and resonance properties are being extracted from these data by several groups through coupled-channel analyses of varying complexity. Electroproduction experiments have provided further insights into the internal structure of light baryon resonances — for example, the long-debated Roper resonance <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1440</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> is observed as a three-quark state with a significant meson-cloud component. While the non-relativistic quark model remains a valuable tool for organizing the spectrum of nucleon and <span><math><mi>Δ</mi></math></span> resonances, a variety of theoretical frameworks have emerged to offer deeper understanding, including phenomenological quark models, holographic QCD, functional methods, effective field theories, and lattice QCD. We examine the interplay between these approaches, highlight their respective strengths and explore how they complement each other in shaping our knowledge of light baryon resonances. We address several open questions in baryon spectroscopy, including the nature of the enigmatic <span><math><mrow><mi>Λ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1405</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, ongoing searches for exotic states such as hybrid baryons and pentaquarks, and the dichotomy between microscopic descriptions of baryons in terms of quarks and gluons versus effective hadronic descriptions based on meson–baryon dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104214"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields","authors":"Prabal Adhikari ,&nbsp;Martin Ammon ,&nbsp;Sidney S. Avancini ,&nbsp;Alejandro Ayala ,&nbsp;Aritra Bandyopadhyay ,&nbsp;David Blaschke ,&nbsp;Fabio L. Braghin ,&nbsp;Pavel Buividovich ,&nbsp;Rafael P. Cardoso ,&nbsp;Casey Cartwright ,&nbsp;Jorge David Castaño-Yepes ,&nbsp;Maxim N. Chernodub ,&nbsp;Máximo Coppola ,&nbsp;Mayusree Das ,&nbsp;Mariana Dutra ,&nbsp;Gergely Endrődi ,&nbsp;Jianjun Fang ,&nbsp;Ricardo L.S. Farias ,&nbsp;Eduardo S. Fraga ,&nbsp;Arthur Frazon ,&nbsp;Zenia Zuraiq","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic fields are ubiquitous across different physical systems of current interest; from the early Universe, compact astrophysical objects, and heavy-ion collisions to condensed matter systems. A proper treatment of the effects produced by magnetic fields during the dynamical evolution of these systems can help to understand observables that otherwise show puzzling behavior. Furthermore, when these fields are comparable to or stronger than <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mtext>QCD</mtext></mrow></msub></math></span>, they serve as excellent probes to help elucidate the physics of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of temperature and density. This work provides a detailed report that contains in-depth analysis and expert insights into the specific topic of the effects of strong magnetic fields on QED and QCD systems. In this sense, the report is intended as a white paper contribution to the field. The subjects developed include the modification of meson static properties such as masses and form factors, the chiral magnetic effect, the description of anomalous transport coefficients, superconductivity in extreme magnetic fields, the properties of neutron stars, the evolution of heavy-ion collisions, as well as effects on the QCD phase diagram. We describe recent theory and phenomenological developments using effective models as well as LQCD methods. The work was motivated by presentations and discussions during the “Workshop on Strongly Interacting Matter in Strong Electromagnetic Fields” that took place in the European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*) in the city of Trento, Italy, September 25–29, 2023.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104199"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relativistic atomic structure calculations in support of spectroscopy","authors":"L.F. Pašteka ,&nbsp;E. Eliav ,&nbsp;M.L. Reitsma ,&nbsp;A. Borschevsky","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Theory can provide important support at all the stages of spectroscopic experiments, from planning the measurements to the interpretation of the results. Such support is particularly valuable for the challenging experiments on heavy, unstable, and superheavy elements and for precision measurements aimed at testing the Standard Model of particle physics. To be reliable and useful in experimental context, theoretical predictions should be based on high-accuracy calculations. For heavy elements, such calculations must treat both relativistic effects and electron correlation on the highest possible level. Relativistic coupled cluster is considered one of the most powerful methods for accurate calculations on heavy many-electron atoms and molecules. This approach is highly accurate and versatile and can be used to obtain energies and a variety of atomic and molecular properties. Furthermore, its robust and transparent formulation allows for systematic improvement of the accuracy of the calculated results and for assigning uncertainties on theoretical values. The Fock-space coupled cluster (FSCC) variant of this method is particularly useful in the context of spectroscopic measurements as it provides access to atomic spectra and properties of the excited states. In this review, we present in detail the relativistic coupled cluster approach and its FSCC variant. We provide a description of the computational procedure used for accurate calculations and for assigning uncertainties. Outstanding recent examples of application to atomic properties, focusing on the experimental context, are presented. Finally, we provide a brief discussion of the perspectives for future developments and applications of the CC approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 104200"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-cold atoms as quantum simulators for relativistic phenomena","authors":"Ralf Schützhold","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of this article is to review developments regarding the use of ultra-cold atoms as quantum simulators. Special emphasis is placed on relativistic quantum phenomena, which are presumably most interesting for the audience of this journal. After a brief introduction into the main idea of quantum simulators and the basic physics of ultra-cold atoms, relativistic quantum phenomena of linear fields are discussed, including Hawking radiation, the Unruh effect, cosmological particle creation, the Gibbons–Hawking and Ginzburg effects, super-radiance, Sauter–Schwinger and Breit–Wheeler pair creation, as well as the dynamical Casimir effect. After that, the focus is shifted to phenomena of non-linear fields, such as the sine–Gordon model, the Kibble–Zurek mechanism, false-vacuum decay, and quantum back-reaction. In order to place everything into proper context, the basic underlying mechanisms of these phenomena are briefly recapitulated before their simulators are discussed. Even though effort is made to provide a review as fair as possible, there can be no claim of completeness and the selection as well as the relative weights of the topics may well reflect the personal view and taste of the author.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 104198"},"PeriodicalIF":17.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise muon detection with novel micropattern gaseous detectors","authors":"Kerstin Hoepfner","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The luminosity frontier in particle physics, in particular the high-luminosity LHC, poses a new level of challenges for the detection of muons. In consequence, muon systems had to evolve into large-scale tracking systems with high spatial and time resolution. Especially the forward regions of the LHC experiments ATLAS and CMS will be challenged by high particle rates and the resulting irradiation, while they need to identify and efficiently trigger the muons from signal events. A new type of gaseous detectors – micro-pattern gas detectors – plays a crucial role in the quest of meeting these goals. This next generation of muon systems had to overcome several technological challenges, like mass production of large-area detectors and high-voltage stability. Two technologies of micropattern gas detectors were identified for the upgrades of the muon forward systems of ATLAS and CMS. This article focuses on their development, implementation and performance. At the end, examples of promising R&amp;D for further developments of future muon systems are summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 104187"},"PeriodicalIF":14.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear physics at BRIF","authors":"Wei Nan (南巍) ,&nbsp;Bing Guo (郭冰) ,&nbsp;Jie Chen (陈洁) ,&nbsp;Baoqun Cui (崔保群) ,&nbsp;Wei Fu (付伟) ,&nbsp;Xianlu Jia (贾先禄) ,&nbsp;Chaoxin Kan (阚朝新) ,&nbsp;Jiayinghao Li (李家英豪) ,&nbsp;Yunju Li (李云居) ,&nbsp;Chengjian Lin (林承键) ,&nbsp;Yihui Liu (刘亦晖) ,&nbsp;Nanru Ma (马南茹) ,&nbsp;Zhaohua Peng (彭朝华) ,&nbsp;Yangping Shen (谌阳平) ,&nbsp;Guofang Song (宋国芳) ,&nbsp;Jun Su (苏俊) ,&nbsp;Bing Tang (唐兵) ,&nbsp;Haorui Wang (王浩睿) ,&nbsp;Youbao Wang (王友宝) ,&nbsp;Lei Yang (杨磊) ,&nbsp;Weiping Liu (柳卫平)","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Beijing Radioactive Ion-beam Facility (BRIF), based on the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) technique, consists of a 100 MeV proton cyclotron as the driving accelerator, a two-stage ISOL system for ion separation, a 13-MV tandem accelerator for post-acceleration, a superconducting linac for further boosting beam energies. It is capable of providing ISOL beams in the energy range from 60 to 300 keV, and post-accelerated beams in the energy range from 3 to 10 MeV/u for nuclei with mass numbers of <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 80. For nuclei with <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span> up to 170, energies are still able to reach 3 MeV/u. This facility offers opportunities to address key questions of current interest in nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure and reactions of unstable nuclei. In this review we present a comprehensive introduction to the BRIF and the typical experimental instruments installed on it, and then summarize current experimental results on unstable Na and Rb isotopes and future plan for development of the BRIF to improve its performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 104188"},"PeriodicalIF":14.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gluon mass scale through the Schwinger mechanism","authors":"M.N. Ferreira ,&nbsp;J. Papavassiliou","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has long been argued that the action of the Schwinger mechanism in the gauge sector of Quantum Chromodynamics leads to the generation of a gluon mass scale. Within this scenario, the analytic structure of the fundamental vertices is modified by the creation of scalar colored excitations with vanishing mass. In the limit of zero momentum transfer, these terms act as massless poles, providing the required conditions for the infrared stabilization of the gluon propagator, and producing a characteristic displacement to the associated Ward identities. In this article we offer an extensive overview of the salient notions and techniques underlying this dynamical picture. We place particular emphasis on recent developments related to the exact renormalization of the mass, the nonlinear nature of the pole equation, and the key role played by the Fredholm alternative theorem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104186"},"PeriodicalIF":14.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144481248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping parton distributions of hadrons with lattice QCD","authors":"Huey-Wen Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strong force which binds hadrons is described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Determining the character and manifestations of QCD is one of the most important and challenging outstanding issues necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the structure of hadrons. Within the context of the QCD parton picture, the parton distribution functions (PDFs) have been remarkably successful in describing a wide variety of processes. However, these PDFs have generally been confined to the description of collinear partons within the hadron. New experiments and facilities provide the opportunity to additionally explore the three-dimensional structure of hadrons, which can be described by generalized parton distributions (GPDs), for example.</div><div>In recent years, a breakthrough was made in calculating the Bjorken-<span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span> dependence of PDFs in lattice QCD by using large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) and other similar frameworks. The breakthrough has led to the emergence and rapid development of direct calculations of Bjorken-<span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-dependent structure. In this review article, we show some of the recent progress made in lattice QCD in PDFs and GPDs and discuss future challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":412,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104177"},"PeriodicalIF":14.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}