Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics最新文献

英文中文

Corrigendum to “γ-γ fast timing with high-performance LaBr3(Ce) scintillators” [Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics 141 (2025) 104152 1-47] “高性能LaBr3（Ce）闪烁体的γ-γ快速定时”的勘误表[粒子与核物理进展141 (2025)104152 -47]

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104161

J.-M. Régis , L.M. Fraile , M. Rudigier

引用次数: 0

γ-γ fast timing with high-performance LaBr3(Ce) scintillators 使用高性能 LaBr[式略](Ce)闪烁体进行[式略]-[式略]快速计时

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104152

J.-M. Régis , L.M. Fraile , M. Rudigier

<div><div>We present a review of the electronic <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> “fast-timing” technique in combination with LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) scintillator detectors. The <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> fast-timing technique has increased in popularity since the commercial introduction of the LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) scintillators in 2005. The use of LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) for measurements of lifetimes of nuclear excited states has rapidly spread out over the world and also the setups have grown from a few detectors to large-scale fast-timing arrays. The LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) is one of the fastest scintillators available with good relative energy resolution of about 3%. Due to high energy selectivity, lifetimes of nuclear excited states down to 1 ps in the best case can be determined directly via electronic <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> time-difference measurements. The use of the high-performance LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) detectors made it possible to systematically investigate the <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> fast-timing technique over the total dynamic range corresponding to <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-ray energies of 40 keV up to 6.8 MeV with precision of 2(1) ps. A non-linear energy-dependent time difference between the signals of full-energy peak and Compton events is given. Related to this finding, a new procedure to calibrate the time response of full-energy peak events has been introduced as well as time-correction formulae to account for the Compton contributions in the total experimental <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> time-difference distribution. We present a review of the <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> fast-timing technique including the performance of the LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) detectors, the electronic timing principles, the methods to analyze the experimental <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> time-difference distributions and the possible energy-dependent time deviations that can be observed using the <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-<math><mi>γ</mi></math> fast-timing technique with many LaBr<math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math>(Ce) detectors. The use of a centrally symmetric detector arrangement with respect to the center of an extended <math><mi>γ</mi></math>-ray emission area reduces any possible en

本文综述了结合LaBr3（Ce）闪烁体探测器的电子γ-γ“快速计时”技术。自2005年LaBr3（Ce）闪烁体商业化以来，γ-γ快速计时技术越来越受欢迎。使用LaBr3（Ce）来测量核激发态的寿命已经迅速在世界范围内传播开来，而且这些装置也从几个探测器发展到大规模的快速计时阵列。LaBr3（Ce）是目前最快的闪烁体之一，具有良好的相对能量分辨率，约为3%。由于高能量选择性，在最好的情况下，核激发态的寿命低至1ps，可以通过电子γ-γ时差测量直接确定。利用高性能的LaBr3（Ce）探测器，可以系统地研究γ-γ快速定时技术在40 keV到6.8 MeV的γ射线能量对应的总动态范围内，精度为2(1)ps。给出了全能量峰和康普顿事件信号之间的非线性能量依赖的时间差异。与这一发现相关，引入了一种校准全能量峰值事件时间响应的新方法，以及时间校正公式，以解释康普顿贡献在总实验γ-γ时差分布中的作用。本文综述了γ-γ快速定时技术，包括LaBr3（Ce）探测器的性能、电子定时原理、实验γ-γ时差分布的分析方法以及使用许多LaBr3（Ce）探测器的γ-γ快速定时技术可以观察到的可能的能量依赖时间偏差。相对于扩展的γ射线发射区域中心的中心对称探测器安排的使用减少了任何可能的能量相关时移，随着探测器数量的增加，可以迅速地忽略不计。此外，在世界范围内，从传统的模拟定时技术向数字定时技术的过渡被观察到。我们介绍了目前可用的数字化仪的有希望的结果，其中可编程时序算法用于板载提取时序信息，其精度与使用模拟电子时序模块相当甚至更好。

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引用次数: 0

QCD with background electromagnetic fields on the lattice: A review 晶格上具有背景电磁场的QCD：综述

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104153

Gergely Endrődi

This review provides a comprehensive summary of results on the physics of strongly interacting matter in the presence of background electromagnetic fields, obtained via numerical lattice simulations of the underlying theory, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Lattice QCD has guided our understanding of magnetized quarks and gluons via landmark results on the phase diagram, the equation of state, the confinement mechanism, anomalous transport phenomena as well as many more fascinating effects. Some of the lattice results lead to completely new paradigms in the description of hot magnetized quark matter and provided useful insights to a broad high-energy particle physics community. Since the first lattice QCD simulations with background fields, this field has been established as an independent research direction. We present the current status and recent developments of this field, together with an outlook including open questions to be answered in the near future.

本文综述了背景电磁场下强相互作用物质的物理结果，这些结果是通过量子色动力学（QCD）理论的数值点阵模拟获得的。晶格QCD通过在相图、状态方程、约束机制、异常输运现象以及许多更迷人的效应上的里程碑式的结果，指导我们对磁化夸克和胶子的理解。晶格的一些结果导致了热磁化夸克物质描述的全新范式，并为广泛的高能粒子物理学界提供了有用的见解。自第一次有背景场的晶格QCD模拟以来，该领域已成为一个独立的研究方向。我们介绍了这一领域的现状和最新发展，并展望了在不久的将来需要回答的开放性问题。

引用次数: 0

Physics case for quarkonium studies at the Electron Ion Collider 电子离子对撞机中夸克粒子研究的物理案例

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104162

Daniël Boer , Chris A. Flett , Carlo Flore , Daniel Kikoła , Jean-Philippe Lansberg , Maxim Nefedov , Charlotte Van Hulse , Shohini Bhattacharya , Jelle Bor , Mathias Butenschoen , Federico Ceccopieri , Longjie Chen , Vincent Cheung , Umberto D’Alesio , Miguel Echevarria , Yoshitaka Hatta , Charles E. Hyde , Raj Kishore , Leszek Kosarzewski , Cédric Lorcé , Shinsuke Yoshida

The physics case for quarkonium-production studies accessible at the US Electron Ion Collider is described.

描述了在美国电子离子对撞机上进行夸克生产研究的物理情况。

引用次数: 0

The 18F(p,α)15O reaction: A textbook case in nuclear astrophysics 18F([公式省略])15O反应：核天体物理学的教科书案例

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2025.104154

F. de Oliveira Santos

Nuclear astrophysics recently celebrated its 100th anniversary and remains an active field of science. This article reviews several contemporary experimental techniques used to determine nuclear-reaction rates. Additionally, it presents some theoretical aspects directly related to these experimental techniques, providing an introduction to the fundamental principles underlying them. The ¹⁸F(

p, α

)¹⁵O reaction, which is associated with

γ

-ray emission from classical novae during the first hours after expansion, is used as a central theme throughout the article. Several examples of recent experiments are highlighted, particularly those conducted in nuclear facilities utilizing radioactive beams.

核天体物理学最近庆祝了它的100周年纪念日，它仍然是一个活跃的科学领域。本文综述了几种用于测定核反应速率的当代实验技术。此外，它提出了与这些实验技术直接相关的一些理论方面，提供了对它们的基本原理的介绍。18F(p,α)15O反应与经典新星在膨胀后最初几个小时的γ射线发射有关，这是整篇文章的中心主题。文中着重介绍了最近的几个实验例子，特别是在核设施中利用放射性光束进行的实验。

引用次数: 0

From density response to energy functionals and back: An ab initio perspective on matter under extreme conditions 从密度响应到能量函数，再回到密度响应：从ab initio角度看极端条件下的物质

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104144

Zhandos Moldabekov , Jan Vorberger , Tobias Dornheim

Energy functionals serve as the basis for different models and methods in quantum and classical many-particle physics. Arguably, one of the most successful and widely used approaches in material science at both ambient and extreme conditions is density functional theory (DFT). Various flavors of DFT methods are being actively used to study material properties at extreme conditions, such as in warm dense matter, dense plasmas, and nuclear physics applications. In this review, we focus on the warm dense matter regime, which occurs in the core of giant planets and stellar atmospheres, and as a transient state in inertial confinement fusion experiments. We discuss the connection between linear density response functions and free energy functionals as well as the utility of the linear response formalism for the construction of advanced functionals. As a new result, we derive the stiffness theorem linking the change in the intrinsic free energy to the density response properties of electrons. We review and summarize recent works that assess various exchange–correlation (XC) functionals for an inhomogeneous electron gas that is perturbed by a harmonic external field and for warm dense hydrogen using exact path integral quantum Monte Carlo data as an unassailable benchmark. This constitutes a valuable guide for selecting an appropriate XC functional for DFT calculations in the context of investigating the inhomogeneous electronic structure of warm dense matter. We stress that correctly simulating the strongly perturbed electron gas necessitates the correct UEG limit of the XC and non-interacting free-energy functionals.

能量函数是量子和经典多粒子物理学中不同模型和方法的基础。可以说，密度泛函理论（DFT）是在常温和极端条件下材料科学领域最成功和最广泛应用的方法之一。各种形式的密度泛函理论方法正被积极用于研究极端条件下的材料特性，如温致密物质、致密等离子体和核物理应用。在这篇综述中，我们将重点讨论发生在巨行星内核和恒星大气中的暖致密物质体系，以及惯性约束聚变实验中的瞬态。我们讨论了线性密度响应函数和自由能函数之间的联系，以及线性响应形式主义在构建高级函数方面的实用性。作为一项新成果，我们推导出了将本征自由能变化与电子密度响应特性联系起来的刚度定理。我们回顾并总结了最近的研究成果，这些成果以精确路径积分量子蒙特卡洛数据为无可辩驳的基准，评估了针对受谐波外场扰动的非均质电子气体和暖致密氢的各种交换相关（XC）函数。这对于在研究暖致密物质的非均质电子结构时为 DFT 计算选择合适的 XC 函数提供了宝贵的指导。我们强调，要正确模拟强扰动电子气，就必须正确使用 XC 和非相互作用自由能函数的 UEG 极限。

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引用次数: 0

Lattice perspectives on doubly heavy tetraquarks 双重四夸克的晶格视角

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104143

Anthony Francis

Doubly heavy tetraquarks have emerged as new probes to study the heavy hadron spectrum. With the experimental observation of the

J^{P} = 1^{+}

T_{c c}^{+}

, they pose a unique opportunity to bring together efforts in experiment, phenomenology, and lattice QCD. In lattice calculations they are accessible as ground states, unlike hidden flavor tetraquarks, and this enables accurate determinations of the scattering parameters alongside the binding energies of these tetraquarks. Today, lattice calculations firmly predict

J^{P} = 1^{+}

T_{b b}^{u d}

and

T_{b b}^{u s}

as QCD bound states, while recent studies approaching the

J^{P} = 1^{+}

T_{c c}^{u d}

find it to be a virtual bound state at slightly non-physical input quark masses. Studies of the

J^{P} = 1^{+}

T_{b c}^{u d}

are ongoing and a new focus area. In light of these developments the evolution of this field until this point is reviewed. Emphasis is put on the methods in lattice spectroscopy that enable a robust evaluation of the lattice studies gathered. They are further reviewed towards their limitations and achievements. Current challenges and opportunities are discussed, including possibilities to approach the left-hand cut in the scattering analysis of the charm candidates and towards understanding the structure of those including two bottom quarks.

双重四夸克已经成为研究重强子谱的新探针。随着对 JP=1+ Tcc+ 的实验观测，它们为将实验、现象学和格子 QCD 的努力结合在一起提供了一个独特的机会。在晶格计算中，它们可以作为基态存在，而不像隐藏的四夸克，这使得我们能够精确地确定这些四夸克的散射参数和结合能。如今，格子计算已将 JP=1+ Tbbud 和 Tbbus 确切地预测为 QCD 边界态，而最近对 JP=1+ Tccud 的研究发现，在输入夸克质量略微偏离物理的情况下，它是一种虚拟边界态。对 JP=1+ Tbcud 的研究正在进行中，这也是一个新的重点领域。鉴于这些发展，我们回顾了这一领域到目前为止的演变。重点放在晶格光谱学的方法上，这些方法可以对收集到的晶格研究结果进行有力的评估。还进一步回顾了这些方法的局限性和成就。讨论了当前的挑战和机遇，包括在粲候选粒子的散射分析中接近左手切点的可能性，以及了解包括两个底夸克在内的候选粒子结构的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Hard Thermal Loop—Theory and applications 硬热环--理论与应用

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104136

Najmul Haque , Munshi G. Mustafa

In this review, we present the key aspects of modern thermal perturbation theory based on the hard thermal loop (HTL) approximation, including its theoretical foundations and applications within quantum electrodynamics (QED) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) plasmas. To maintain conciseness, we focus on scenarios in thermal equilibrium, examining a variety of physical quantities and settings. Specifically, we explore both bulk thermodynamic properties and real-time observables in high-temperature domains relevant to heavy-ion physics.

在这篇综述中，我们介绍了基于硬热环（HTL）近似的现代热扰动理论的主要方面，包括其理论基础以及在量子电动力学（QED）和量子色动力学（QCD）等离子体中的应用。为了保持简洁，我们将重点放在热平衡情景上，研究各种物理量和设置。具体来说，我们探讨了与重离子物理学相关的高温领域的体热力学性质和实时观测指标。

引用次数: 0

Relativistic hydrodynamics under rotation: Prospects and limitations from a holographic perspective 旋转下的相对论流体力学：全息视角下的前景与局限性

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104135

Markus A.G. Amano , Casey Cartwright , Matthias Kaminski , Jackson Wu

The AdS/CFT correspondence, or holography, has provided numerous important insights into the behavior of strongly-coupled many-body systems. Crucially, it has provided a testing ground for the construction of new effective field theories, especially those in the low frequency, long wavelength limit known as hydrodynamics. We review the study of strongly-coupled rotating fluids using holography, and we examine the hydrodynamics emerging from the study of rotating Myers–Perry black holes. We discuss three regimes in which holographic rotating fluids display either (1) hydrodynamic behavior of a boosted fluid, (2) hydrodynamic behavior distinct from a boosted fluid, or (3) no obvious hydrodynamic behavior. We describe techniques to obtain hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic modes, and we compute the radius of convergence for the hydrodynamic regimes. The limitations of hydrodynamics under rotation are discussed alongside our findings.

AdS/CFT 对应（或全息）为强耦合多体系统的行为提供了许多重要见解。最重要的是，它为构建新的有效场理论，尤其是低频长波长极限的流体力学理论提供了试验场。我们回顾了利用全息技术对强耦合旋转流体的研究，并考察了旋转迈尔斯-佩里黑洞研究中出现的流体力学。我们讨论了全息旋转流体的三种状态：(1) 助推流体的流体力学行为；(2) 不同于助推流体的流体力学行为；或 (3) 无明显流体力学行为。我们介绍了获得流体力学和非流体力学模式的技术，并计算了流体力学制度的收敛半径。我们的研究结果还讨论了旋转条件下流体力学的局限性。

引用次数: 0

Quantum entanglement and Bell inequality violation at colliders 对撞机上的量子纠缠与贝尔不等式违反

IF 14.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, NUCLEAR

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2024.104134

Alan J. Barr , Marco Fabbrichesi , Roberto Floreanini , Emidio Gabrielli , Luca Marzola

The study of entanglement in particle physics has been gathering pace in the past few years. It is a new field that is providing important results about the possibility of detecting entanglement and testing Bell inequality at colliders for final states as diverse as top-quark, $τ$ -lepton pairs and $Λ$ -baryons, massive gauge bosons and vector mesons. In this review, after presenting definitions, tools and basic results that are necessary for understanding these developments, we summarize the main findings—as published by the beginning of year 2024—including analyses of experimental data in $B$ meson decays and top-quark pair production. We include a detailed discussion of the results for both qubit and qutrits systems, that is, final states containing spin one-half and spin one particles. Entanglement has also been proposed as a new tool to constrain new particles and fields beyond the Standard Model and we introduce the reader to this promising feature as well.

在过去几年里，粒子物理学中的纠缠研究一直在加快步伐。这是一个新领域，它提供了在对撞机上探测纠缠的可能性和检验贝尔不等式的重要结果，其最终状态多种多样，如顶夸克、τ-轻子对和Λ-重子、大质量规管玻色子和矢量介子。在这篇综述中，在介绍了理解这些发展所必需的定义、工具和基本结果之后，我们总结了到2024年初发表的主要发现，包括对B介子衰变和顶夸克对产生的实验数据的分析。我们详细讨论了量子比特和量子三系统的结果，即包含自旋二分之一和自旋一粒子的最终态。纠缠还被提出作为一种新工具，用于约束标准模型之外的新粒子和新场，我们也将向读者介绍这一前景广阔的特征。

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