The association of sentence imitation with other language domains has been of interest to researchers and clinicians for decades. Sentence imitation taps both working memory and linguistic competence. Working memory refers to the ability to recall and manipulate linguistic information making sentence imitation a clinical marker for language ability. Meanwhile, research on the application of sentence imitation with bilingual language pairs is still emerging. This article reports a study on a large sample of Maltese children brought up in an early bilingual language acquisition context. It analyses correlations between a sentence imitation task, verbal comprehension, narrative (story retelling), phonological awareness, and two measures of a phonology test: percentage consonants correct and the inconsistency score. Data were collected from a total of 241 children, aged 24 to 72 months, who were selected randomly from the public birth register. The subtests administered were part of a test battery, namely, the Maltese–English Speech Assessment (MESA) and the Language Assessment for Maltese Children (LAMC). Correlations were calculated for the sentence imitation scores with specific language subtest scores; significant correlations were identified as well as with chronological age. Regression analysis indicated that the sentence imitation subtest of LAMC is a predictor for verbal comprehension and even stronger predictor for phonological awareness. It was concluded that performance on a sentence imitation task is a valid and reliable indication of Maltese bilingual children's language ability.
{"title":"The Association of Sentence Imitation with Other Language Domains in Bilingual Children","authors":"H. Grech","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743528","url":null,"abstract":"The association of sentence imitation with other language domains has been of interest to researchers and clinicians for decades. Sentence imitation taps both working memory and linguistic competence. Working memory refers to the ability to recall and manipulate linguistic information making sentence imitation a clinical marker for language ability. Meanwhile, research on the application of sentence imitation with bilingual language pairs is still emerging. This article reports a study on a large sample of Maltese children brought up in an early bilingual language acquisition context. It analyses correlations between a sentence imitation task, verbal comprehension, narrative (story retelling), phonological awareness, and two measures of a phonology test: percentage consonants correct and the inconsistency score. Data were collected from a total of 241 children, aged 24 to 72 months, who were selected randomly from the public birth register. The subtests administered were part of a test battery, namely, the Maltese–English Speech Assessment (MESA) and the Language Assessment for Maltese Children (LAMC). Correlations were calculated for the sentence imitation scores with specific language subtest scores; significant correlations were identified as well as with chronological age. Regression analysis indicated that the sentence imitation subtest of LAMC is a predictor for verbal comprehension and even stronger predictor for phonological awareness. It was concluded that performance on a sentence imitation task is a valid and reliable indication of Maltese bilingual children's language ability.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43027303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usame Rakip, Ihsan Canbek, Serhat Yıldızhan, M. Boyacı, Akın Cengiz, Adem Aslan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to examine tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and terminal syringomyelia (TS). Additionally, there is increasing evidence of an association between congenital anomalies and TCS. We aimed to identify the clinical and radiological characteristics of syringomyelia and other anomalies in pediatric and adult patients with TCS. This study included 54 TCS patients (mean age, 17.37 ± 15.83 years; 31 females) admitted to our department between 2010 and 2019. The patients were divided into two age groups: pediatric (<18 years; 63%) and adult (>18 years). Clinical findings, direct vertebrae radiographs, lower extremity radiographs, and spinal/cranial MRI findings were used to evaluate all patients. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to reveal the structure of the septum in patients with Diastematomyelia. Cranial ultrasonography or CT was performed if the fontanel was open or closed, respectively, in pediatric hydrocephalus cases. Pelvic ultrasonography and urodynamic tests were performed to evaluate other comorbid anomalies and urinary system pathologies. A thick filum terminale (73.3%) and diastematomyelia (44.4%) were found to cause spinal tension. The most common accompanying pathology was syringomyelia (78%). The common symptoms were urinary incontinence and bowel problems (71%), scoliosis (68%), and progressive lower extremity weakness (64.4%). It is difficult to distinguish the exact cause of symptoms in patients with TCS and TS. Due to the greater occurrence of other congenital spinal anomalies accompanying TCS, both preoperative symptoms and clinical findings are more severe in the pediatric group than in the adult group, and postoperative results may be more negative.
{"title":"Clinical Significance of Terminal Syringomyelia and Accompanying Congenital Anomalies of Neurosurgical Interest in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Tethered Cord Syndrome","authors":"Usame Rakip, Ihsan Canbek, Serhat Yıldızhan, M. Boyacı, Akın Cengiz, Adem Aslan","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757142","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to examine tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and terminal syringomyelia (TS). Additionally, there is increasing evidence of an association between congenital anomalies and TCS. We aimed to identify the clinical and radiological characteristics of syringomyelia and other anomalies in pediatric and adult patients with TCS. This study included 54 TCS patients (mean age, 17.37 ± 15.83 years; 31 females) admitted to our department between 2010 and 2019. The patients were divided into two age groups: pediatric (<18 years; 63%) and adult (>18 years). Clinical findings, direct vertebrae radiographs, lower extremity radiographs, and spinal/cranial MRI findings were used to evaluate all patients. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to reveal the structure of the septum in patients with Diastematomyelia. Cranial ultrasonography or CT was performed if the fontanel was open or closed, respectively, in pediatric hydrocephalus cases. Pelvic ultrasonography and urodynamic tests were performed to evaluate other comorbid anomalies and urinary system pathologies. A thick filum terminale (73.3%) and diastematomyelia (44.4%) were found to cause spinal tension. The most common accompanying pathology was syringomyelia (78%). The common symptoms were urinary incontinence and bowel problems (71%), scoliosis (68%), and progressive lower extremity weakness (64.4%). It is difficult to distinguish the exact cause of symptoms in patients with TCS and TS. Due to the greater occurrence of other congenital spinal anomalies accompanying TCS, both preoperative symptoms and clinical findings are more severe in the pediatric group than in the adult group, and postoperative results may be more negative.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than half the world’s population is bilingual.1 About 20% of the population in the United States and Canada speak a language at home other than English.1,2 Bilingualism is far more prevalent in Europe, with approximately 56% of the population across all the European Union countries reporting functionally bilingual.3 Although bilinguals make up a significant percentage of the world’s population, the topic of bilingualism has been a baffling area of research for many years. It is mainly due to the misconceptions about children/ individuals who are bilingual. Speaking two or more languages affects the developing minds, or bilingual children find it confusing to learn two languages are some popular misconceptions about bilinguals that continue to persist.4 But research in this area has suggested otherwise. For example, Peal and Lambert compared the performance of French monolinguals to English-French bilinguals on a battery of tests.5 The authors found that the bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on language tasks. Although surprising, this finding has been confirmed in several follow-up studies that suggest bilingual children are at an advantage across a range of linguistic and nonlinguistic skills.6 The advantages of bilingualism do not just stop in childhood. It continues well past into adulthood as well.7 Unfortunately, despite the surmounting evidence concerning the advantages of bilingualism, the misconceptions surrounding bilingualism have continued to gain ground, leading people to believe that a monolingual approach is a better way to raise not only typically developing children but also children with language deficits. In many countries where bilingualism or even multilingualism is the norm (e. g., India), there is a biased perspective that children with language disorders cannot learn multiple languages. Thus, children with language disorders in such countries are often made to choose amonolingual approach to their educational instruction and intervention. The area of research is further complicated by several external variables such as the interaction of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) in bilingual children, the age of the exposure to L2, the amount of exposure to L2, and so on. As researchers, we must continue to untangle these myths and misconceptions to understand the true nature of bilingualism. In this special issue of “Language Development and Disorders inMultilingual Children,”wehave assembled a total of six articles, including original research, case studies, and reviews that highlight the different facets of bilingualism and multilingualism. Tran et al surveyed the language practices at home among 151 Vietnamese-Australian parents.8 The survey findings revealed that about a third of the participants (35.6%) had a family language policy, and 72.5% of those consistently implemented their policy. The authors emphasize that without support from the government, most of the Vietnamese-English bilingual children i
{"title":"Being a Bilingual/Multilingual","authors":"R. Kaipa, Roha Kaipa","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743529","url":null,"abstract":"More than half the world’s population is bilingual.1 About 20% of the population in the United States and Canada speak a language at home other than English.1,2 Bilingualism is far more prevalent in Europe, with approximately 56% of the population across all the European Union countries reporting functionally bilingual.3 Although bilinguals make up a significant percentage of the world’s population, the topic of bilingualism has been a baffling area of research for many years. It is mainly due to the misconceptions about children/ individuals who are bilingual. Speaking two or more languages affects the developing minds, or bilingual children find it confusing to learn two languages are some popular misconceptions about bilinguals that continue to persist.4 But research in this area has suggested otherwise. For example, Peal and Lambert compared the performance of French monolinguals to English-French bilinguals on a battery of tests.5 The authors found that the bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on language tasks. Although surprising, this finding has been confirmed in several follow-up studies that suggest bilingual children are at an advantage across a range of linguistic and nonlinguistic skills.6 The advantages of bilingualism do not just stop in childhood. It continues well past into adulthood as well.7 Unfortunately, despite the surmounting evidence concerning the advantages of bilingualism, the misconceptions surrounding bilingualism have continued to gain ground, leading people to believe that a monolingual approach is a better way to raise not only typically developing children but also children with language deficits. In many countries where bilingualism or even multilingualism is the norm (e. g., India), there is a biased perspective that children with language disorders cannot learn multiple languages. Thus, children with language disorders in such countries are often made to choose amonolingual approach to their educational instruction and intervention. The area of research is further complicated by several external variables such as the interaction of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) in bilingual children, the age of the exposure to L2, the amount of exposure to L2, and so on. As researchers, we must continue to untangle these myths and misconceptions to understand the true nature of bilingualism. In this special issue of “Language Development and Disorders inMultilingual Children,”wehave assembled a total of six articles, including original research, case studies, and reviews that highlight the different facets of bilingualism and multilingualism. Tran et al surveyed the language practices at home among 151 Vietnamese-Australian parents.8 The survey findings revealed that about a third of the participants (35.6%) had a family language policy, and 72.5% of those consistently implemented their policy. The authors emphasize that without support from the government, most of the Vietnamese-English bilingual children i","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48045339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study includes a case report of a 9-year-old boy who came to our center with jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and palpable liver. He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, but no improvement in symptoms was seen. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and liver biopsy were positive for hepatitis C virus. He was treated with daclatasvir/sofosbuvir for 3 months. Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir might be effective against the treatment of hepatitis in children, with no report of remission and minimal side effects.
{"title":"Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection Treated with Daclatasvir/Sofosbuvir in a 9-Year-Old Boy","authors":"P. Rahmani, F. Farahmand, Ghobad Heidari","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1751269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1751269","url":null,"abstract":"The present study includes a case report of a 9-year-old boy who came to our center with jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, and palpable liver. He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, but no improvement in symptoms was seen. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and liver biopsy were positive for hepatitis C virus. He was treated with daclatasvir/sofosbuvir for 3 months. Daclatasvir/sofosbuvir might be effective against the treatment of hepatitis in children, with no report of remission and minimal side effects.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45128960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anas Abdallah, Meliha Gündağ Papaker, Gökhan Baloğlu
Abstract Craniosynostosis is a skull malformation occurring due to the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. This pathological entity is a relatively commonly observed congenital malformation and is reportedly seen in 1/1,700–1,900 live births. The study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of the open cranial vault remodeling (OCVR) in children with craniosynostosis. Medical records of 76 children with craniosynostosis who were diagnosed at the neurosurgery departments of our centers for 11 years (from January 2010 to December 2020) were retrospectively examined. Among them, 54 consecutive children who underwent OCVR were included in this study. Surgical outcomes were discussed with a related literature review. Fifty-four (32 males and 22 females) consecutive children received OCVR for craniosynostosis with a mean age of 12.6 ± 7.1 months. Eight children were syndromic. Three children were shunt-induced craniosynostosis. Syndromic children were four with Apert, two with Pfeiffer, and two with Crouzon syndrome. Twelve children were brothers/sisters. The misshapen skull was the most commonly recorded symptom in 49 children (90.7%). The most affected sutures were bicoronal craniosynostosis found in 20 children. The complication rate was 9.3% ( n = 5). Two of these five children needed reoperation for optimal remodeling. One child died postoperatively in the intensive care unit due to cardiac arrest. These findings demonstrated that the OCVR approach is an efficient surgical method to get good outcomes. Satisfactory results with an acceptable complication rate can be obtained with expert hands. Further studies are warranted to support these findings.
{"title":"An Open Cranial Vault Remodeling Procedure for Craniosynostosis: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Anas Abdallah, Meliha Gündağ Papaker, Gökhan Baloğlu","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Craniosynostosis is a skull malformation occurring due to the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. This pathological entity is a relatively commonly observed congenital malformation and is reportedly seen in 1/1,700–1,900 live births. The study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of the open cranial vault remodeling (OCVR) in children with craniosynostosis. Medical records of 76 children with craniosynostosis who were diagnosed at the neurosurgery departments of our centers for 11 years (from January 2010 to December 2020) were retrospectively examined. Among them, 54 consecutive children who underwent OCVR were included in this study. Surgical outcomes were discussed with a related literature review. Fifty-four (32 males and 22 females) consecutive children received OCVR for craniosynostosis with a mean age of 12.6 ± 7.1 months. Eight children were syndromic. Three children were shunt-induced craniosynostosis. Syndromic children were four with Apert, two with Pfeiffer, and two with Crouzon syndrome. Twelve children were brothers/sisters. The misshapen skull was the most commonly recorded symptom in 49 children (90.7%). The most affected sutures were bicoronal craniosynostosis found in 20 children. The complication rate was 9.3% ( n = 5). Two of these five children needed reoperation for optimal remodeling. One child died postoperatively in the intensive care unit due to cardiac arrest. These findings demonstrated that the OCVR approach is an efficient surgical method to get good outcomes. Satisfactory results with an acceptable complication rate can be obtained with expert hands. Further studies are warranted to support these findings.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"e212 - e223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46787165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives Lexical breadth of knowledge is the quantity of words that the individual knows with regard to vocabulary size of the learner; while lexical depth is the learner's knowledge and mastery level of various semantic relations of a given word. Both measures have been used in the assessment of speaking/writing skills of first (L1) and second (L2) language users. The current study aims to explore the lexical knowledge of typically developing school going bilingual Indian children. Methods Seventy-two Konkani (L1) and English (L2) speaking children (between 5 and 11 years of age) were recruited in the study. The study was performed in three phases. Phase 1 comprised of developing the experimental tasks (lexical breadth and lexical depth); phase 2 included the data collection; and phase 3 focused on data and statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the total number of words and total number of different words were analyzed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance test was done to assess the level of significance (p < 0.05) across the groups for both tasks. Paired t-test was done to assess the interaction effect between age and language. Results The results indicated an overall increase in lexical breadth and depth across age for L1 and L2. The interaction between the two languages has been discussed in detail. Conclusion The findings of this study may help pave way toward future explorations to address issues pertaining to the complex interaction of L1 and L2 languages in bilinguals.
{"title":"Estimating the Lexical Breadth and Depth in Bilingual Indian Children Aged between 5 and 11 Years of Age","authors":"Priya Pauline Rego, Sudhin Karuppali, J. Bhat","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743493","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Objectives Lexical breadth of knowledge is the quantity of words that the individual knows with regard to vocabulary size of the learner; while lexical depth is the learner's knowledge and mastery level of various semantic relations of a given word. Both measures have been used in the assessment of speaking/writing skills of first (L1) and second (L2) language users. The current study aims to explore the lexical knowledge of typically developing school going bilingual Indian children.\u0000 Methods Seventy-two Konkani (L1) and English (L2) speaking children (between 5 and 11 years of age) were recruited in the study. The study was performed in three phases. Phase 1 comprised of developing the experimental tasks (lexical breadth and lexical depth); phase 2 included the data collection; and phase 3 focused on data and statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the total number of words and total number of different words were analyzed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance test was done to assess the level of significance (p < 0.05) across the groups for both tasks. Paired t-test was done to assess the interaction effect between age and language.\u0000 Results The results indicated an overall increase in lexical breadth and depth across age for L1 and L2. The interaction between the two languages has been discussed in detail.\u0000 Conclusion The findings of this study may help pave way toward future explorations to address issues pertaining to the complex interaction of L1 and L2 languages in bilinguals.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measles virus infection is a common infectious disease of childhood, incidence of which is still high in developing countries. Other than the morbidity associated with the acute systemic infection, the measles virus can cause serious fatal neural complications. It can either enter the brain leading to acute encephalitis like primary measles encephalitis and acute post infectious measles encephalomyelitis or it may persist in brain cells (as mutated virus) leading to long-term neurodegenerative diseases like measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis. The patho-clinical features, treatment, and the outcomes of these complications are different and should be identified in time for early diagnosis and management.
{"title":"Measles-Associated CNS Complications: A Review","authors":"R. Jain, R. Aulakh","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757914","url":null,"abstract":"Measles virus infection is a common infectious disease of childhood, incidence of which is still high in developing countries. Other than the morbidity associated with the acute systemic infection, the measles virus can cause serious fatal neural complications. It can either enter the brain leading to acute encephalitis like primary measles encephalitis and acute post infectious measles encephalomyelitis or it may persist in brain cells (as mutated virus) leading to long-term neurodegenerative diseases like measles inclusion body encephalitis and subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis. The patho-clinical features, treatment, and the outcomes of these complications are different and should be identified in time for early diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46929228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shreyash Agrawal, Garima Pathania, R. Mittal, S. Mehndiratta, Ashutosh Kumar Singh
We report an unusual case of massive splenomegaly with pancytopenia without ascites, which was referred to us with suspicion of a myeloproliferative disorder in an adolescent boy. The work-up done was noncontributory to a hematological disorder. On further work-up, liver biopsy depicted sinusoidal congestion, with Doppler study suggestive of nonvisualization of hepatic veins. There was hypertrophy of the right lobe and the presence of venovenous collaterals. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation was negative, which confirmed the absence of unidentified myeloproliferative disorder. This was an atypical presentation of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) in children. The absence of ascites could be due to more efficient collateral formation in adolescent age groups due to angiogenesis. Underlying thrombophilia was detected as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation 677C > T with raised serum homocysteine levels. It is imperative to be aware of the diverse clinical manifestations in children for early detection and appropriate intervention to prevent catastrophic results in pediatric BCS.
{"title":"An Unusual Clinical Presentation of Budd–Chiari Syndrome in an Adolescent Boy","authors":"Shreyash Agrawal, Garima Pathania, R. Mittal, S. Mehndiratta, Ashutosh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757153","url":null,"abstract":"We report an unusual case of massive splenomegaly with pancytopenia without ascites, which was referred to us with suspicion of a myeloproliferative disorder in an adolescent boy. The work-up done was noncontributory to a hematological disorder. On further work-up, liver biopsy depicted sinusoidal congestion, with Doppler study suggestive of nonvisualization of hepatic veins. There was hypertrophy of the right lobe and the presence of venovenous collaterals. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation was negative, which confirmed the absence of unidentified myeloproliferative disorder. This was an atypical presentation of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) in children. The absence of ascites could be due to more efficient collateral formation in adolescent age groups due to angiogenesis. Underlying thrombophilia was detected as methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation 677C > T with raised serum homocysteine levels. It is imperative to be aware of the diverse clinical manifestations in children for early detection and appropriate intervention to prevent catastrophic results in pediatric BCS.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Where Do Deceased Children Go? A Spiritual View","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49129394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Varol, Tulin Ogreten, Tutku Ozdogan, S. Cömert, N. Samancı
Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the most frequent problem which causes blindness in preterm babies. In our study we evaluate the frequency of retinopathy, the risk factors, and their effects on disease development in premature newborns admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods A total of 139 premature infants with gestational ages less than 34 weeks followed in our NICU between January 1, 2008 and January 1, 2011. The infants were divided into two groups as group 1 (no ROP/mild ROP) and as group 2 (severe ROP). Results The demographics of 139 patients were as follows: 79 (56.83%) were female and 60 (43.17%) were male. Overall, 104 (74.8%) patients were found to have no or mild ROP and 35 (25.2%) had severe ROP. Among the patients in the severe ROP group, 25 of them had plus disease. With logistic regression analysis, lower gestational age (odds ratio [OR]: 4.1, confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–9.2), the central catheter usage (OR: 13.4, CI: 1.2–146.6), hypotension (OR: 7.5, CI: 1.1–49.6), perinatal asphyxia (OR: 261.3, CI: 8.8–7725.4), apnea (OR: 18.1, CI: 1.6–202.6), and high FiO2 (OR: 1.2 CI: 1.0–1.5) were found to be related to severe ROP. Conclusion Among the preterms with very low body weight included in our study, we found that the frequency of severe ROP requiring treatment was low. The most important factors related to severe ROP were found to be low gestational age and birth weight. Being aware of the risk factors related to severe ROP in addition to screening every preterm infant carrying these risk factors is extremely important for the early diagnosis and treatment to prevent blindness due to severe retinopathy.
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