Eylem Burcu Kahraman Ozlu, Ali Erhan Kayalar, Y. Ertan
Abstract The aim of our study is to investigate the importance of arachnoid granulation in cerebrospinal fluid physiology in fetuses and early infancy. Using the random sampling method, postmortem fetuses more than 26 weeks of gestation age and the children under the age of 1 year were chosen from the autopsy materials. Two male and two female intrauterine dead fetus; three male and three female, totally six children under the age of 1 year and one 3-year-old male were included in this study. In cases of intrauterine fetuses more than 26 weeks of gestation and children under the age of 1 year, complete invagination of arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus was examined histologically. In the intrauterine period and in the first 6 months of life, arachnoid villi structures were not found in histologic preparations although in preparations taken after the 6 months of life samples showed similarities to arachnoid granulations. These structures were considered as arachnoid villi drafts after immunohistochemical analysis. In the control case who were 3 years old, maturation of arachnoid villi was complete and the arachnoid villi were invaginated into the superior sagittal sinus as fingerlike extensions. In our study, we think that the failure after E3V intervention in the treatment of hydrocephalus in cases under the age of 1 years may be related to the completion of arachnoid granulation development after the 18th month of life and the immature resorption capacity in this period.
{"title":"Investigation of the Presence of Arachnoid Granulation in Fetuses and Early Infancy","authors":"Eylem Burcu Kahraman Ozlu, Ali Erhan Kayalar, Y. Ertan","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758451","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of our study is to investigate the importance of arachnoid granulation in cerebrospinal fluid physiology in fetuses and early infancy. Using the random sampling method, postmortem fetuses more than 26 weeks of gestation age and the children under the age of 1 year were chosen from the autopsy materials. Two male and two female intrauterine dead fetus; three male and three female, totally six children under the age of 1 year and one 3-year-old male were included in this study. In cases of intrauterine fetuses more than 26 weeks of gestation and children under the age of 1 year, complete invagination of arachnoid villi into the superior sagittal sinus was examined histologically. In the intrauterine period and in the first 6 months of life, arachnoid villi structures were not found in histologic preparations although in preparations taken after the 6 months of life samples showed similarities to arachnoid granulations. These structures were considered as arachnoid villi drafts after immunohistochemical analysis. In the control case who were 3 years old, maturation of arachnoid villi was complete and the arachnoid villi were invaginated into the superior sagittal sinus as fingerlike extensions. In our study, we think that the failure after E3V intervention in the treatment of hydrocephalus in cases under the age of 1 years may be related to the completion of arachnoid granulation development after the 18th month of life and the immature resorption capacity in this period.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45836171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate reported family language policies (quy tắc sử dụng ngôn ngữ cho gia đình) and language maintenance practices among Vietnamese–Australian parents. This mixed-methods study collected 151 Vietnamese–Australian parents' responses to close- and open-ended questions within an online questionnaire that was available both in English and Vietnamese. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to explore associations between family language policies and factors related to demographics and Spolsky's language policy theory. Content analysis was undertaken in NVivo to investigate family language policies. One-third of the participants (35.6%) reported to have a family language policy and 72.5% of those with a policy indicated that they consistently implemented their policy. Significant factors associated with having a family language policy were parents' higher Vietnamese proficiency, more Vietnamese language use with their children, and intention of future residence in Vietnam. The four identified language policies were as follows: (1) using Vietnamese with the nuclear family (FLP1), (2) Vietnamese outside the nuclear family (FLP2), (3) English at home (FLP3), and (4) English outside the home (FLP4). Some families used more than one of these concurrently. This is one of the first large-scale mixed-method studies to explore family language policies, and the first to explore this issue with Vietnamese-speaking families in Australia. Many Vietnamese–Australian families do not explicitly have a family language policy aimed at maintaining Vietnamese at home; therefore, the Vietnamese–Australian community is at risk of a shift toward English language dominance and home language loss. As a result, the benefits of multilingualism within the Vietnamese–Australian community may be lost without support from the government and community to maintain their home language.
本研究旨在调查已报道的家庭语言政策（quy tắc sử dụng ngôn ngữ cho gia djình）和越南-澳大利亚父母的语言维护实践。这项混合方法研究收集了151名越南裔和澳大利亚裔父母对英语和越南语在线问卷中的封闭式和开放式问题的回答。采用双变量分析和逻辑回归方法探讨了家庭语言政策与人口统计和斯波尔斯基语言政策理论相关因素之间的关系。NVivo进行了内容分析，以调查家庭语言政策。三分之一的参与者（35.6%）报告有家庭语言政策，72.5%的参与者表示他们一贯执行政策。与制定家庭语言政策相关的重要因素是父母的越南语水平更高，子女更多地使用越南语，以及未来在越南居住的意愿。已确定的四项语言政策如下：（1）在核心家庭中使用越南语（FLP1），（2）核心家庭以外的越南语（FL P2），（3）在家英语（FLP3），以及（4）在家外英语（FLP4）。一些家庭同时使用了不止一个。这是第一个探索家庭语言政策的大规模混合方法研究之一，也是第一个与澳大利亚讲越南语的家庭探讨这一问题的研究。许多越南人-澳大利亚家庭没有明确的家庭语言政策，旨在将越南人留在家中；因此，越南-澳大利亚社区面临着向英语主导地位转变和母语丧失的风险。因此，如果没有政府和社区的支持来维持其母语，越澳社区使用多种语言的好处可能会丧失。
{"title":"Family Language Policies of Vietnamese–Australian Families","authors":"Van H. Tran, Sarah Verdon, S. Mcleod, Cen Wang","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743490","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate reported family language policies (quy tắc sử dụng ngôn ngữ cho gia đình) and language maintenance practices among Vietnamese–Australian parents. This mixed-methods study collected 151 Vietnamese–Australian parents' responses to close- and open-ended questions within an online questionnaire that was available both in English and Vietnamese. Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were conducted to explore associations between family language policies and factors related to demographics and Spolsky's language policy theory. Content analysis was undertaken in NVivo to investigate family language policies. One-third of the participants (35.6%) reported to have a family language policy and 72.5% of those with a policy indicated that they consistently implemented their policy. Significant factors associated with having a family language policy were parents' higher Vietnamese proficiency, more Vietnamese language use with their children, and intention of future residence in Vietnam. The four identified language policies were as follows: (1) using Vietnamese with the nuclear family (FLP1), (2) Vietnamese outside the nuclear family (FLP2), (3) English at home (FLP3), and (4) English outside the home (FLP4). Some families used more than one of these concurrently. This is one of the first large-scale mixed-method studies to explore family language policies, and the first to explore this issue with Vietnamese-speaking families in Australia. Many Vietnamese–Australian families do not explicitly have a family language policy aimed at maintaining Vietnamese at home; therefore, the Vietnamese–Australian community is at risk of a shift toward English language dominance and home language loss. As a result, the benefits of multilingualism within the Vietnamese–Australian community may be lost without support from the government and community to maintain their home language.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49593682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A continuously challenging issue in the field of speech–language pathology is accurately identifying and diagnosing a language disorder in school-aged (pre-kindergarten through 5th grade) bilingual children, as bilingual children are disproportionately under- and overidentified with a language disorder. The current review focuses on the assessment of bilingual children in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, aimed to inform teachers, pediatricians, parents, and other relevant professionals of issues surrounding assessment of these dual-language learners. We examine the barriers to assessing bilingual children for language disorders, such as the lack of availability of bilingual tests, underinformative current best practice guidelines, lack of speech–language pathologist (SLP) training/knowledge of bilingualism, and use of interpreters. We discuss the necessary considerations when SLPs use norm-referenced tests with bilingual children, such as norming samples, accurate identification of a language disorder, reliability and validity, test administration, and potential solutions to using otherwise poorly suited norm-referenced tests. We also consider research on several alternative measures to norm-referenced assessments, including dynamic assessment, nonword repetition, language sampling, nonlinguistic cognition, and parent report. We conclude by synthesizing the information in this review to offer six principles of best practices for bilingual assessment.
{"title":"Assessing Language Skills in Bilingual Children: Current Trends in Research and Practice","authors":"Max R. Freeman, Scott R. Schroeder","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1743575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743575","url":null,"abstract":"A continuously challenging issue in the field of speech–language pathology is accurately identifying and diagnosing a language disorder in school-aged (pre-kindergarten through 5th grade) bilingual children, as bilingual children are disproportionately under- and overidentified with a language disorder. The current review focuses on the assessment of bilingual children in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, aimed to inform teachers, pediatricians, parents, and other relevant professionals of issues surrounding assessment of these dual-language learners. We examine the barriers to assessing bilingual children for language disorders, such as the lack of availability of bilingual tests, underinformative current best practice guidelines, lack of speech–language pathologist (SLP) training/knowledge of bilingualism, and use of interpreters. We discuss the necessary considerations when SLPs use norm-referenced tests with bilingual children, such as norming samples, accurate identification of a language disorder, reliability and validity, test administration, and potential solutions to using otherwise poorly suited norm-referenced tests. We also consider research on several alternative measures to norm-referenced assessments, including dynamic assessment, nonword repetition, language sampling, nonlinguistic cognition, and parent report. We conclude by synthesizing the information in this review to offer six principles of best practices for bilingual assessment.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45447124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Any crisis (personal or collective) brings along an in-built stress. It cripples people from living a normal life; sometimes, it leads people to the extreme condition of permanent damage. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation has brought in unexpected misery-victimizing millions of people.1 COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world.2 Millions of people from almost all cultures around the world have been affected by the COVID-19 crisis not only physical, mental, and psychosocial, but also psychospiritual. Althoughmuchmany studies including understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health have been conducted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, scarce studies have been reported about spiritual dimension of the disease in the literature. Herein, we present the effect of COVID-19 crisis on mental and spiritual health to draw attention to spiritual dimension of COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 can cause several significant neurological disorders and the pandemic has been linked to a rise in people reporting mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Neurocognitive symptoms associated with COVID19 include delirium, both acute and chronic attention and memory impairment related to hippocampal and cortical damage, as well as learning deficits in both adults and children.3 Marroquin et al4 found that stay-at-home order status and personal distancing were independently associated with higher symptoms including depression, generalized anxiety disorder, intrusive thoughts, insomnia, and acute stress, beyond protective effects of available social resources (social support and social network size). In our daily practice, we have also noted many psychosocial symptoms in some people during COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from medicine, one could become strengthened to face the situation. The psychological and spiritual solutions could be focused to face the COVID-19 crisis.1 Examination of the extant literature indicated that populations around the world rely often on support from their loved-ones, closed significant others, outdoor and physical activities, and spirituality to cope with the COVID-19-related distress. Increased sense of meaning/purpose since the COVID-19 pandemic was also reported.5 Current researches reveal the intimate link between health and spirituality. Among vulnerable populations, spirituality serves a critical purpose in a person’s wellbeing. One of themanyestablishedvalues of spirituality is that it helps people to deal with major life stressors. This has become more pronounced as the world grapples with the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.6Roberto et al7 found that the positive influence of spirituality on resilience, hope, optimism, peace, and comfort during the COVID-19 crisis. In another study, spirituality, knowledge, atti
{"title":"A Spiritual View to COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"H. Çaksen","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1758450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758450","url":null,"abstract":"Any crisis (personal or collective) brings along an in-built stress. It cripples people from living a normal life; sometimes, it leads people to the extreme condition of permanent damage. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation has brought in unexpected misery-victimizing millions of people.1 COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world.2 Millions of people from almost all cultures around the world have been affected by the COVID-19 crisis not only physical, mental, and psychosocial, but also psychospiritual. Althoughmuchmany studies including understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health have been conducted since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, scarce studies have been reported about spiritual dimension of the disease in the literature. Herein, we present the effect of COVID-19 crisis on mental and spiritual health to draw attention to spiritual dimension of COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 can cause several significant neurological disorders and the pandemic has been linked to a rise in people reporting mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. Neurocognitive symptoms associated with COVID19 include delirium, both acute and chronic attention and memory impairment related to hippocampal and cortical damage, as well as learning deficits in both adults and children.3 Marroquin et al4 found that stay-at-home order status and personal distancing were independently associated with higher symptoms including depression, generalized anxiety disorder, intrusive thoughts, insomnia, and acute stress, beyond protective effects of available social resources (social support and social network size). In our daily practice, we have also noted many psychosocial symptoms in some people during COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from medicine, one could become strengthened to face the situation. The psychological and spiritual solutions could be focused to face the COVID-19 crisis.1 Examination of the extant literature indicated that populations around the world rely often on support from their loved-ones, closed significant others, outdoor and physical activities, and spirituality to cope with the COVID-19-related distress. Increased sense of meaning/purpose since the COVID-19 pandemic was also reported.5 Current researches reveal the intimate link between health and spirituality. Among vulnerable populations, spirituality serves a critical purpose in a person’s wellbeing. One of themanyestablishedvalues of spirituality is that it helps people to deal with major life stressors. This has become more pronounced as the world grapples with the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.6Roberto et al7 found that the positive influence of spirituality on resilience, hope, optimism, peace, and comfort during the COVID-19 crisis. In another study, spirituality, knowledge, atti","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44157642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nida Mirza, R. Bharadwaj, Smita Malhotra, A. Sibal
Abstract Wilson disease (WD) is a disorder of copper metabolism resulting in accumulation of copper in vital organs of the human body, predominantly in the liver and the brain. Acute liver failure in WD has a bad prognosis, especially with a score ≥11 in the revised WD prognostic index; emergency liver transplantation is considered the only life-saving option in this scenario. Here, we reported a girl patient with WD-induced liver failure and poor prognostic score who was rescued by plasmapheresis. She also manifested severe Coombs negative hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury. This case report highlights the utility of an adjunctive modality besides liver transplantation for the management of fulminant liver failure caused by WD.
{"title":"Wilson Disease-Induced Acute Liver Failure (NWI = 13) Salvaged without Liver Transplant by Plasmapheresis","authors":"Nida Mirza, R. Bharadwaj, Smita Malhotra, A. Sibal","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1731079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731079","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wilson disease (WD) is a disorder of copper metabolism resulting in accumulation of copper in vital organs of the human body, predominantly in the liver and the brain. Acute liver failure in WD has a bad prognosis, especially with a score ≥11 in the revised WD prognostic index; emergency liver transplantation is considered the only life-saving option in this scenario. Here, we reported a girl patient with WD-induced liver failure and poor prognostic score who was rescued by plasmapheresis. She also manifested severe Coombs negative hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury. This case report highlights the utility of an adjunctive modality besides liver transplantation for the management of fulminant liver failure caused by WD.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0041-1731079","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49312628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nongrum, Anuragsingh Chandel, R. Varma, S. Jategaonkar, Manish Jain
Mothballs are a common household item used as repellents and deodorizers. They are potential hazards and rare agents of poisoning in children. They are composed mainly of naphthalene, camphor, and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene in varying amounts depending on the manufacturers. It is essential to rule out poisoning by naphthalene in children presenting with hemolysis by eliciting a proper history. Since mothballs are readily available at home, children are drawn to it because of its attractive color and its consumption is a likely possibility. This is a case of ingestional naphthalene poisoning in a 1-year-old glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase nondeficient male child who presented with altered sensorium and hemolytic anemia. The child developed methemoglobinemia and sustained hypoxic brain injury. He was successfully managed by oral ascorbic acid, blood transfusion, and requisite supportive treatments. We report a case of naphthalene toxicity with hemolytic anemia and hypoxic brain damage to highlight the possibility of naphthalene poisoning in young children presenting with hemolytic anemia.
{"title":"Hemolytic Anemia and Hypoxic Brain Injury following Mothball Ingestion in a G6PD Nondeficient Infant: A Case Report","authors":"S. Nongrum, Anuragsingh Chandel, R. Varma, S. Jategaonkar, Manish Jain","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1736477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736477","url":null,"abstract":"Mothballs are a common household item used as repellents and deodorizers. They are potential hazards and rare agents of poisoning in children. They are composed mainly of naphthalene, camphor, and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene in varying amounts depending on the manufacturers. It is essential to rule out poisoning by naphthalene in children presenting with hemolysis by eliciting a proper history. Since mothballs are readily available at home, children are drawn to it because of its attractive color and its consumption is a likely possibility. This is a case of ingestional naphthalene poisoning in a 1-year-old glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase nondeficient male child who presented with altered sensorium and hemolytic anemia. The child developed methemoglobinemia and sustained hypoxic brain injury. He was successfully managed by oral ascorbic acid, blood transfusion, and requisite supportive treatments. We report a case of naphthalene toxicity with hemolytic anemia and hypoxic brain damage to highlight the possibility of naphthalene poisoning in young children presenting with hemolytic anemia.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42589931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazeem Fathima A., Radha Kumar, D. V., D. Chaudhary
Abstract The association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and bone health in individuals with epilepsy has been recognized for more than 30 years. Several studies indicate an increased risk for bone loss in patients on antiepileptic medication as well as low levels of serum 25(OH)D. Patients on polytherapy AED are at a higher risk of adverse drug effects compared with those on monotherapy. The present study assessed serum 25(OH)D levels in children receiving AED and compares those children receiving monotherapy versus polytherapy. This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital setting on children with seizures receiving AEDs for period of more than 6 months. Participants were enrolled in three groups: 25 children on monotherapy, 25 children on polytherapy, and 25 healthy controls. Serum 25(OH)D level was performed for all children and analyzed. Serum 25(OH)D levels were normal in 52%, insufficient levels in 43.3%, and deficient in 6.7% of children. Vitamin D level was insufficient in 40% of children receiving monotherapy and 52% receiving polytherapy AED. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 4% in monotherapy group and 16% in polytherapy group which was statistically significant (p-value 0.047). Vitamin D deficiency was higher in children receiving AED compared with normal controls. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were higher in children on polytherapy. Our study emphasized the importance of monitoring vitamin D levels in children receiving AED to detect abnormalities in vitamin D levels.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Children with Seizures Receiving Monotherapy and Polytherapy","authors":"Nazeem Fathima A., Radha Kumar, D. V., D. Chaudhary","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1740467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740467","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and bone health in individuals with epilepsy has been recognized for more than 30 years. Several studies indicate an increased risk for bone loss in patients on antiepileptic medication as well as low levels of serum 25(OH)D. Patients on polytherapy AED are at a higher risk of adverse drug effects compared with those on monotherapy. The present study assessed serum 25(OH)D levels in children receiving AED and compares those children receiving monotherapy versus polytherapy. This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital setting on children with seizures receiving AEDs for period of more than 6 months. Participants were enrolled in three groups: 25 children on monotherapy, 25 children on polytherapy, and 25 healthy controls. Serum 25(OH)D level was performed for all children and analyzed. Serum 25(OH)D levels were normal in 52%, insufficient levels in 43.3%, and deficient in 6.7% of children. Vitamin D level was insufficient in 40% of children receiving monotherapy and 52% receiving polytherapy AED. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 4% in monotherapy group and 16% in polytherapy group which was statistically significant (p-value 0.047). Vitamin D deficiency was higher in children receiving AED compared with normal controls. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were higher in children on polytherapy. Our study emphasized the importance of monitoring vitamin D levels in children receiving AED to detect abnormalities in vitamin D levels.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47717690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With an increasing number of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing corrective treatments, improved pediatric intensive care, better antimicrobial treatments, and a relative decrease in rheumatic heart disease over the years, the epidemiology of pediatric infective endocarditis in India may be undergoing a change. The study was done in the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India. A retrospective analysis of case records of children (<12 years) admitted with a diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) from January 2013 to April 2019 was performed. Modified Duke's criteria were used to diagnose IE. There were 21 children diagnosed with infective endocarditis during this period. The mean age at presentation was 70 months (range: 2.5–144 months). CHD (n = 13/21, 61.9%) was the most common predisposing condition. A total of 28% (6/21) patients had no preexisting structural heart disease. Nine percent (2/21) had rheumatic heart disease. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common etiological agent in those with a structurally normal heart. Most patients had blood culture–negative infective endocarditis (n = 12, 57.1%). Only one patient fulfilled Duke's major microbiological criteria. Six patients (28.57%) died during the hospital stay. Increasingly younger children are being diagnosed with infective endocarditis in India and a significant number of them are in the setting of a structurally normal heart. In view of high percentage of culture-negative endocarditis, the Duke criteria may need to be revised to retain their sensitivity in such settings.
{"title":"Contemporary Pattern of Pediatric Infective Endocarditis from Tertiary Care Centre of Northern India: A Single Centre Experience","authors":"Dinesh Kumar, S. Garg, D. Bhatt","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1735881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735881","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With an increasing number of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing corrective treatments, improved pediatric intensive care, better antimicrobial treatments, and a relative decrease in rheumatic heart disease over the years, the epidemiology of pediatric infective endocarditis in India may be undergoing a change. The study was done in the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital of North India. A retrospective analysis of case records of children (<12 years) admitted with a diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) from January 2013 to April 2019 was performed. Modified Duke's criteria were used to diagnose IE. There were 21 children diagnosed with infective endocarditis during this period. The mean age at presentation was 70 months (range: 2.5–144 months). CHD (n = 13/21, 61.9%) was the most common predisposing condition. A total of 28% (6/21) patients had no preexisting structural heart disease. Nine percent (2/21) had rheumatic heart disease. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common etiological agent in those with a structurally normal heart. Most patients had blood culture–negative infective endocarditis (n = 12, 57.1%). Only one patient fulfilled Duke's major microbiological criteria. Six patients (28.57%) died during the hospital stay. Increasingly younger children are being diagnosed with infective endocarditis in India and a significant number of them are in the setting of a structurally normal heart. In view of high percentage of culture-negative endocarditis, the Duke criteria may need to be revised to retain their sensitivity in such settings.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45700098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Ankathil, Foong Eva, Z. A. Bakar, Nazihah Mohd Yunus, Nurul Alia Nawi, A. A. Annuar, Cheng Yi Ting, S. Sulong
Abstract Our objective is to report one rare case of dual gender chimerism involving abnormal male trisomy 18 and normal female karyotype. The baby was born full term with birth weight of 1.8 kg, not vigorous with light meconium stained liquor and Apgar score of 51, 85 and 910. Parents are 40 years old and mother is G6P5 + 1. The baby had clinical features of Edwards syndrome, and a blood sample was sent to Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia for cytogenetic analysis. Conventional cytogenetic analysis results showed two distinct sex discordant genetic cell lines XY and XX in 90:10 ratio. The male genetic cell line XY also showed trisomy 18 (47,XY, + 18) consistent with clinical diagnosis of male Edwards syndrome, whereas the second genetic cell line showed normal 46,XX female. The present case was reported as dual gender chimera with chi 47,XY, + 18/46,XX karyotype pattern. To the best of available knowledge, dual gender chimerism with abnormal male trisomy 18 and normal female karyotype has not been reported so far, and this case is reported for its rarity and as the first report.
{"title":"A Dual Gender Rare Case with 47,XY, + 18/46,XX Karyotype: Chimera or Mosaic?","authors":"R. Ankathil, Foong Eva, Z. A. Bakar, Nazihah Mohd Yunus, Nurul Alia Nawi, A. A. Annuar, Cheng Yi Ting, S. Sulong","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1722275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our objective is to report one rare case of dual gender chimerism involving abnormal male trisomy 18 and normal female karyotype. The baby was born full term with birth weight of 1.8 kg, not vigorous with light meconium stained liquor and Apgar score of 51, 85 and 910. Parents are 40 years old and mother is G6P5 + 1. The baby had clinical features of Edwards syndrome, and a blood sample was sent to Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia for cytogenetic analysis. Conventional cytogenetic analysis results showed two distinct sex discordant genetic cell lines XY and XX in 90:10 ratio. The male genetic cell line XY also showed trisomy 18 (47,XY, + 18) consistent with clinical diagnosis of male Edwards syndrome, whereas the second genetic cell line showed normal 46,XX female. The present case was reported as dual gender chimera with chi 47,XY, + 18/46,XX karyotype pattern. To the best of available knowledge, dual gender chimerism with abnormal male trisomy 18 and normal female karyotype has not been reported so far, and this case is reported for its rarity and as the first report.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0040-1722275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Omranzadeh, A. Baradaran, A. Ghodsi, S. Arekhi, M. Dadgarmoghaddam, Amin Mirshekaran, Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani, B. Fazeli
Abstract Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic disease with inflammatory basis. Several studies have assessed the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in detecting this inflammation; however, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed these studies together. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the NLR value between FMF patients and normal controls. Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were searched using predesigned search strategy to find the studies that assessed NLR in FMF patients and compared the value with normal controls. There was no time limitation. Finally, two researchers extracted data including first author name, publication year, the country, study design, number of patients and controls, time of disease diagnosis, FMF diagnostic criteria, mean age of the patients, and the NLR value. The data were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. In total, 464 articles were found on search; however, only 12 studies qualified for enrollment in the systematic review and 10 studies, with appropriate effect size, in the meta-analysis. These studies were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Eleven studies were conducted in Turkey and one in Egypt. Out of 12 studies, 9 had enrollment criteria for FMF patients: 8 studies used Tel Hashomer criteria and 1 study used Yalçinkaya–Özen criteria. All studies, except for two, had genetic confirmation for FMF. The mean NLR values in attack-free (standard difference in means = 0.482; p < 0.0001) and attack groups (standard difference in means = 0.853; p = 0.001) were significantly higher than control group. The mean NLR value may be related to the underlying inflammation in FMF.
摘要家族性地中海热是一种以炎症为基础的遗传性疾病。几项研究评估了中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）在检测这种炎症中的作用；然而，没有系统综述或荟萃分析对这些研究进行综合评估。本研究的目的是系统地回顾和荟萃分析FMF患者和正常对照组之间的NLR值。Scopus、PubMed、Embase和ISI Web of Science使用预先设计的搜索策略进行搜索，以找到评估FMF患者NLR并将其值与正常对照进行比较的研究。没有时间限制。最后，两名研究人员提取了数据，包括第一作者姓名、发表年份、国家、研究设计、患者和对照人数、疾病诊断时间、FMF诊断标准、患者平均年龄和NLR值。对数据进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。在搜索中总共找到464篇文章；然而，只有12项研究符合系统综述的入选条件，10项研究符合荟萃分析的适当效应大小。这些研究是在2013年至2019年期间进行的。在土耳其进行了11项研究，在埃及进行了1项研究。在12项研究中，9项研究有FMF患者的入选标准：8项研究使用Tel-Hashomer标准，1项研究使用Yalçinkaya–Özen标准。除两项研究外，所有研究都证实了FMF的基因。无攻击时的平均NLR值（平均值的标准差 = 0.482；p < 0.0001）和发作组（平均值的标准差 = 0.853；p = 0.001）显著高于对照组。平均NLR值可能与FMF的潜在炎症有关。
{"title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Alireza Omranzadeh, A. Baradaran, A. Ghodsi, S. Arekhi, M. Dadgarmoghaddam, Amin Mirshekaran, Amirreza Dehghan Tarazjani, B. Fazeli","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1728730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728730","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic disease with inflammatory basis. Several studies have assessed the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in detecting this inflammation; however, no systematic review or meta-analysis has assessed these studies together. The aim of this study is to systematically review and meta-analyze the NLR value between FMF patients and normal controls. Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were searched using predesigned search strategy to find the studies that assessed NLR in FMF patients and compared the value with normal controls. There was no time limitation. Finally, two researchers extracted data including first author name, publication year, the country, study design, number of patients and controls, time of disease diagnosis, FMF diagnostic criteria, mean age of the patients, and the NLR value. The data were systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed. In total, 464 articles were found on search; however, only 12 studies qualified for enrollment in the systematic review and 10 studies, with appropriate effect size, in the meta-analysis. These studies were conducted between 2013 and 2019. Eleven studies were conducted in Turkey and one in Egypt. Out of 12 studies, 9 had enrollment criteria for FMF patients: 8 studies used Tel Hashomer criteria and 1 study used Yalçinkaya–Özen criteria. All studies, except for two, had genetic confirmation for FMF. The mean NLR values in attack-free (standard difference in means = 0.482; p < 0.0001) and attack groups (standard difference in means = 0.853; p = 0.001) were significantly higher than control group. The mean NLR value may be related to the underlying inflammation in FMF.","PeriodicalId":41283,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Child Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43275544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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