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Often Encountered but Rarely Reported: Challenges in Selecting Language(s) for Intervention in Bi/Multilingual Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 双语/多语儿童自闭症谱系障碍干预中语言选择的挑战
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743492
M. Srikar, Reny Raju, Nikita Dadlani, D. Swaminathan, P. Vaidhyanathan, S. Meera
India is a socioculturally and linguistically diverse country. Most often individuals grow up exposed to more than one language. Apart from exposure to native and community languages, there is a growing preference for English as the language of formal education and employment. Previous studies demonstrated that bilingual children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) develop language similar to their monolingual nonverbal IQ-matched ASD peers. However, most of these studies have been conducted in countries in which English is the primary language for majority of the population. Although existing studies support a bilingual environment for children with ASD, professionals still seem to advise families' use of a monolingual approach. This paper reviews and discusses factors that influence the selection of language(s) for intervention in young children with ASD in bi/multilingual environments. These are discussed under three areas namely, (1) language environment of the child, (2) parent/caregivers' perspectives regarding bi/multilingual exposure, and (3) medium of education and availability of intervention services. This paper also highlights the complexities involved in the language selection process for intervention using four case vignettes. Based on the review and findings from the case vignettes, it is evident that there is a need for (1) sensitizing fellow professionals regarding the increasing shift toward a bi/multilingual approach, (2) formulating guidelines for this decision-making process, and (3) continuing to develop an evidence base for adopting multilingual approach for intervention in a socioculturally and linguistically diverse country like India.
印度是一个社会文化和语言多样化的国家。大多数情况下,一个人在成长过程中接触的语言不止一种。除了接触本地语言和社区语言外,越来越多的人倾向于将英语作为正规教育和就业的语言。先前的研究表明,患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的双语儿童的语言发展与他们的单语非语言智商匹配的ASD同龄人相似。然而,这些研究大多是在以英语为主要语言的国家进行的。虽然现有的研究支持自闭症儿童的双语环境,但专业人士似乎仍然建议家庭使用单语方法。本文综述并讨论了影响双/多语环境下幼儿ASD干预中语言选择的因素。这些问题在三个方面进行了讨论,即:(1)儿童的语言环境,(2)父母/照顾者对双语/多语接触的看法,以及(3)教育媒介和干预服务的可用性。本文还使用四个案例来强调干预语言选择过程的复杂性。基于对案例小插图的回顾和发现,很明显,有必要(1)提高专业人士对双语/多语方法日益转变的认识,(2)为这一决策过程制定指导方针,(3)继续为在印度这样一个社会文化和语言多样化的国家采用多语方法进行干预提供证据基础。
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引用次数: 1
Congenital Analbuminemia Associated with Hypothyroidism in a Preterm Neonate: The First Case from a Highly Consanguineous Community 先天性无血蛋白血症伴甲状腺功能减退的早产新生儿:来自高血缘社区的第一例
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757149
Manar Al-lawama, J. Albaramki, Arwa Kiswani, Sara Kussad, R. Odeh, E. Altamimi
Analbuminemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by extremely low or zero levels of circulating serum albumin. The diagnosis is made by ruling out other causes of hypoalbuminemia and should be confirmed by gene mutation analysis. In this article, we describe the clinical findings of a preterm neonate born to a consanguineous family who presented with progressive lower limb edema at the age of 7 days and who was confirmed as having congenital analbuminemia by genetic testing (homozygous mutation ALB NP_000468.1: p. Val78CysfsTer2) and hypothyroidism. This is the first case of congenital analbuminemia to be reported from Jordan.
无白蛋白血症是一种罕见的常染色体隐性疾病,其特征是循环血清白蛋白水平极低或为零。诊断是通过排除低蛋白血症的其他原因而做出的,应该通过基因突变分析来确认。在这篇文章中,我们描述了一名出生于血亲家庭的早产儿的临床发现,该早产儿在7天大时出现进行性下肢水肿,并通过基因检测(纯合突变ALB NP_000468.1:p.Val78CysfsTer2)和甲状腺功能减退症确认为先天性无白蛋白血症。这是约旦报告的第一例先天性无白蛋白血症。
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引用次数: 0
Does Native Script Exposure Influence Second Language Early Literacy Skills?: A Preliminary Study in South Indian Preschoolers 母语文字接触是否影响第二语言早期读写能力?:南印度学龄前儿童的初步研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743491
Megha Mohan, T. Francis, J. Bhat
The preschool period is marked by the development of several domains such as communication, cognition, social skills, and literacy skills. As language and literacy skills overlap during the preschool period, it is important to understand the dynamics of language and literacy in early school years. Due to language diversity, India does not bear a single-language system, and often the language spoken at home may not be the same at school for curricular instructions. Therefore, the present study focuses on the influence of script in bi- or multilingual scenarios in India. More importantly, the home language may or may not have its specific script; thus, facilitating early literacy skills at home can be questionable. The study followed a cross-sectional study design. One hundred and forty participants were divided into two groups based on their native language (Malayalam and Tulu groups). Each group was further divided based on their age, younger and older groups. An early literacy checklist and a parent perception questionnaire were developed to assess the early literacy skills in second language (L2). The findings revealed a developmental trend in early literacy skills in children with the older group performing better than the younger group. The study results also shed light on this less researched domain of influence of native script on L2 learning in a linguistically diverse country like India. The study's findings emphasize the parental understanding of the importance of home literacy–based activities for children and evaluation of early literacy skills which will help in early identification and treatment.
学前阶段的特点是几个领域的发展,如沟通、认知、社交技能和读写技能。由于语言和识字技能在学前阶段重叠,因此了解早期学校阶段语言和识字的动态非常重要。由于语言的多样性,印度没有单一的语言系统,通常在家里使用的语言可能与学校的课程指导不同。因此,本研究聚焦于文字在印度双语或多语情境下的影响。更重要的是,母语可能有也可能没有特定的文字;因此,在家里促进早期识字技能可能是值得怀疑的。该研究采用了横断面研究设计。140名参与者根据他们的母语分为两组(马拉雅拉姆语组和图鲁语组)。每组根据年龄进一步划分,分为年轻组和老年组。开发了早期识字检查表和家长感知问卷来评估第二语言(L2)的早期识字技能。研究结果揭示了儿童早期读写能力的发展趋势,年龄较大的一组比年龄较小的一组表现得更好。研究结果还揭示了在印度这样一个语言多样化的国家,母语文字对第二语言学习的影响这一研究较少的领域。研究结果强调了父母对家庭识字活动对儿童的重要性的理解,以及对早期识字技能的评估,这将有助于早期识别和治疗。
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引用次数: 1
Use of Prayer by Parents in Pediatric Emergency Department Patients 儿科急诊病人家长祷告的使用
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757141
H. Çaksen
Mind–body interventions, one of the major categories of complementaryandalternativemedicine (CAM), includepractices that are based on thehumanmind but that have an effect on the human body and physical health, such as meditation, prayer, and mental healing.1 Prayer means “begging to Allah, calling someone, sending something somewhere.” Prayer is the human heart’s conversation with Allah and seeking his blessing and help. Prayer is the servant reaching the level of addressing his Lord in the face of an extraordinary event. Ubudiyyet means “serving, slavery, excessive devotion to someone.” Worship is an endless way of speaking from man to Allah. Salah (namaz) is a form of worship inwhich a person establishes a direct relationshipwithAllah. Amanwas created to worship Allah.2 Herein, we present our observations about the use of prayer by parents of ill children to attract the attention of health caregivers to parents’ spiritual needs. In previous research, Losier et al3 found that approximately 13% of caregivers reported using CAM for their child in the pediatric emergency department. The most common CAM therapies used were homeopathy (20%), prayer/spiritual approaches (19.7%), and massage therapy (16.7%).3 Sawni et al4 reported that the use of CAM was 15% and the most common types of CAM therapies used were folk remedies/home remedies (59%), herbs (41%), prayer healing (14%), and massage therapy (10%). In another series, 48.8% of the patients had received at least one alternative therapy among pediatric emergency department patients. The most common were massage (16%), chiropractic therapy (9.8%), relaxation (7.2%), meditation (6.2%), aromatherapy (6.1%), and spiritual healing (4.3%).5 In our country, parents commonly use CAM including prayer for their children’s health. Top et al6 reported that 97.7% of parents of ill children had used at least one CAMmethod for mostly respiratory complaints, and 17.5%mothers used prayer. In another study, 77.2% ofmothers of children with developmental disabilities reported using at least oneCAMtreatment, and32.9%mothers usedprayer.7 In a study from Özyazicioğlu et al,8 42.29% of mothers reported using one ormore CAM therapies for their childwith a chronic disease, use of prayer was in 17.24%. In our clinical practice, wehave observed thatmost parents use CAM treatments, and the most commonly used CAM treatments are prayer by parents and/or by hodja, herbal medicine, and massage. Most parents of ill children pray to Allah for their children’s health; however,manyparents donot openly pray at their children’s bedside because they hesitate the reactionofhealth careprofessionals. Second,most families believe that results were the best when both prayer and conventional medicine were integrated. The prayed parents found spiritual peace and comfort because they believe the following spiritual/religious teachings. It is established by the people of reality that the illnesses of innocent children are like training for their
身心干预是补充和替代医学(CAM)的主要类别之一,包括基于人类思想但对人体和身体健康有影响的实践,如冥想、祈祷和心理治疗祈祷意味着“向安拉乞求,呼唤某人,发送某物。”祈祷是人的心与真主的对话,寻求他的祝福和帮助。祷告是仆人在面对一个特别的事件时,达到对他的主说话的水平。Ubudiyyet的意思是“服务、奴役、对某人的过度奉献”。崇拜是人对真主说话的一种无休止的方式。Salah (namaz)是一种崇拜形式,在这种崇拜中,一个人与真主建立了直接的关系。阿曼是为了敬拜安拉而创造的。2在这里,我们提出了我们对生病孩子的父母使用祈祷来吸引健康护理人员对父母精神需求的关注的观察。在之前的研究中,Losier等人发现,大约13%的护理人员报告在儿科急诊科为他们的孩子使用CAM。最常用的辅助生殖疗法是顺势疗法(20%)、祈祷/精神疗法(19.7%)和按摩疗法(16.7%)Sawni等人4报告说,CAM的使用率为15%,最常见的CAM疗法类型是民间疗法/家庭疗法(59%)、草药(41%)、祈祷治疗(14%)和按摩疗法(10%)。在另一个系列中,48.8%的儿童急诊科患者至少接受过一种替代疗法。最常见的是按摩(16%)、脊椎指压疗法(9.8%)、放松疗法(7.2%)、冥想(6.2%)、芳香疗法(6.1%)和精神治疗(4.3%)在我国,父母普遍使用CAM,包括为孩子的健康祈祷。Top等人6报道,97.7%的患病儿童的父母至少使用过一种camm方法来治疗主要的呼吸系统疾病,17.5%的母亲使用祈祷。在另一项研究中,77.2%的发育障碍儿童的母亲报告至少使用一种ecam治疗,32.9%的母亲使用祈祷在Özyazicioğlu等人的一项研究中,42.29%的母亲报告为患有慢性病的孩子使用一种或多种CAM疗法,使用祈祷的比例为17.24%。在我们的临床实践中,我们观察到大多数父母使用辅助疗法,最常用的辅助疗法是父母祈祷和/或大麻、草药和按摩。大多数生病孩子的父母为孩子的健康祈祷安拉;然而,许多父母不会在孩子的床边公开祈祷,因为他们担心医护人员的反应。其次,大多数家庭认为,当祈祷和传统医学相结合时,结果是最好的。祈祷的父母找到了精神上的平静和安慰,因为他们相信以下的精神/宗教教义。现实的人们认为,无辜儿童的疾病就像对他们脆弱身体的训练,注射和多米尼加的训练使他们能够在未来承受世界的动荡,此外还有许多关于儿童世俗生活的智慧实例;而不是赎罪的成人的精神生活,是净化生命的手段,疾病就像针剂,确保孩子的精神进步在未来或以后,从这种疾病中积累的优点传递给父母的善行,特别是母亲,通过同情的神秘,更喜欢孩子的健康,而不是自己的健康总之,我们想强调的是,在世界上许多社会中,祈祷对许多患病儿童的父母来说是非常重要的;因此,我们认为保健护理人员应该在精神上支持父母。
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引用次数: 0
The First Presentation of Localized Scleroderma at Birth: Scleroderma as a Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Skin Lesion 出生时首次出现局限性硬皮病:硬皮病作为先天性皮肤病变的鉴别诊断
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741055
E. Memar, Moeinadin Safavi, M. Moradinejad, V. Ziaee
Localized scleroderma is an uncommon autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and underlying tissue without involvement of blood vessels or internal organs. It usually affects children during later childhood, and early presentation of localized scleroderma during infancy is rare. In the current study, we report a child with localized scleroderma-related presentations occurring at birth. A 2-day-old male neonate presented with a firm, erythematous, and slightly pigmented plaque on his left thigh, leading to a change in the diameter of the affected foot and contracture of the left knee. At the age of 7 months, he was referred to our rheumatology clinic with normal growth and development. Laboratory studies, including urine and blood high-performance liquid chromatography assay, antinuclear antibodies, antitopoisomerase I, and rheumatic factor, were in the normal range. No signs of ocular involvement were noted during ophthalmological consultation. Skin biopsy showed mild acanthosis and collagen bundles, which replaced the fat around the sweat glands. A final diagnosis of localized scleroderma was made. Treatment was started with oral prednisolone, oral methotrexate (MTX), and colchicine. The skin lesion stopped progressing after 3 months of treatment. Steroid was then tapered over 6 months, while MTX and colchicine were continued for 2 years. Localized scleroderma during early infancy is a rare disease, but it should be considered as a differential in infants with erythematous and firm lesions on their body at birth because early treatment can prevent future complications.
局限性硬皮病是一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病,其特征是皮肤和下层组织纤维化,不累及血管或内脏。它通常影响儿童在童年后期,早期表现为局限性硬皮病在婴儿期是罕见的。在目前的研究中,我们报告了一名出生时出现局限性硬皮病相关表现的儿童。一个2天大的男婴在他的左大腿上出现了一个坚硬、红斑和轻微的色素斑块,导致患足直径改变和左膝挛缩。在7个月大的时候,他被转到我们的风湿病诊所,生长发育正常。实验室研究,包括尿液和血液高效液相色谱分析,抗核抗体,抗拓扑异构酶I和风湿病因子,在正常范围内。在眼科会诊期间没有发现眼部受累的迹象。皮肤活检显示轻度棘层增生和胶原束,取代了汗腺周围的脂肪。最后诊断为局限性硬皮病。治疗开始于口服强的松龙,口服甲氨蝶呤(MTX)和秋水仙碱。治疗3个月后,皮肤病变停止进展。类固醇在6个月内逐渐减少,而MTX和秋水仙碱继续使用2年。婴儿早期的局限性硬皮病是一种罕见的疾病,但对于出生时身体上有红斑和坚硬病变的婴儿,应将其视为一种鉴别,因为早期治疗可以预防未来的并发症。
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引用次数: 1
A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Outcomes of Pediatric Intensive Care Patients after Changing from Higher to Permissive Blood Pressure Targets 比较儿科重症监护患者从高血压目标变为允许血压目标后的结果的回顾性队列研究
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757915
Ahmed Shakir Mohammed, H. Klonin
New neurological morbidity post pediatric intensive care (PIC) poses substantial problems, with a need to understand the relationship of outcome to blood pressure (BP) targets. The aim of the study is to see whether a change from a higher BP targeted strategy to a permissive one improved outcomes for development of new neurological morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and PIC-acquired infection. A retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken, comparing outcomes before and after the change. The higher BP cohort targets were set using standardized age-based centiles. In the permissive cohort, lower BPs were allowed, dependent on physiological variables. Targeted treatment continued throughout the critical illness. New neurological morbidity was defined as any deterioration from baseline, attributable to the admission, measured by post discharge clinical and records review over a minimum period of 4 years. Results were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics v26. Of 123 admissions in the permissive and 214 admissions in the higher BP target cohorts, 88 (72%) and 188 (88%) survived without new neurological morbidity (permissive vs. higher cohort OR 0.348 [95% CI 0.197–0.613] p <0.001). Median LOS was 2 (interquartile [IQ] range 2–5) and 3 (IQ range 2–6) days for the permissive and higher cohorts, respectively (p = 0.127). Three (2.4%) and 7 (3.3%) admissions in the permissive and higher BP cohorts respectively suffered PIC-acquired infection (p = 0.666). A higher BP targeted strategy was associated with protection from new neurological morbidity as compared with a permissive strategy, supporting the need for prospective studies into BP targets.
儿科重症监护(PIC)后新的神经系统发病率带来了实质性问题,需要了解结果与血压(BP)目标的关系。该研究的目的是观察从更高的BP靶向策略到允许策略的改变是否改善了新的神经发病率、住院时间(LOS)和PIC获得性感染的发展结果。进行了回顾性队列分析,比较了改变前后的结果。较高的BP队列目标是使用标准化的基于年龄的百分位数设定的。在允许队列中,根据生理变量,允许较低的血压。在整个危重症期间继续进行有针对性的治疗。新的神经系统发病率被定义为在至少4年的时间内,通过出院后的临床和记录审查,从基线开始的任何恶化,可归因于入院。结果用IBM SPSS Statistics v26进行分析。在允许和高血压目标队列的123例入院和214例入院中,88例(72%)和188例(88%)在没有新的神经系统发病率的情况下存活下来(允许与较高队列的OR 0.348[95%CI 0.197–0.613]p<0.001)。允许和较高队列的中位LOS分别为2天(四分位数间[IQ]范围2-5)和3天(IQ范围2-6)(p = 0.127)。在允许和高血压组中,分别有3例(2.4%)和7例(3.3%)入院患者患有PIC获得性感染(p = 0.666)。与宽松策略相比,更高的BP靶向策略与预防新的神经发病率相关,支持对BP靶点进行前瞻性研究的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Being a Bilingual/Multilingual 成为一名双语/多语者
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743529
R. Kaipa, Roha Kaipa
More than half the world’s population is bilingual.1 About 20% of the population in the United States and Canada speak a language at home other than English.1,2 Bilingualism is far more prevalent in Europe, with approximately 56% of the population across all the European Union countries reporting functionally bilingual.3 Although bilinguals make up a significant percentage of the world’s population, the topic of bilingualism has been a baffling area of research for many years. It is mainly due to the misconceptions about children/ individuals who are bilingual. Speaking two or more languages affects the developing minds, or bilingual children find it confusing to learn two languages are some popular misconceptions about bilinguals that continue to persist.4 But research in this area has suggested otherwise. For example, Peal and Lambert compared the performance of French monolinguals to English-French bilinguals on a battery of tests.5 The authors found that the bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on language tasks. Although surprising, this finding has been confirmed in several follow-up studies that suggest bilingual children are at an advantage across a range of linguistic and nonlinguistic skills.6 The advantages of bilingualism do not just stop in childhood. It continues well past into adulthood as well.7 Unfortunately, despite the surmounting evidence concerning the advantages of bilingualism, the misconceptions surrounding bilingualism have continued to gain ground, leading people to believe that a monolingual approach is a better way to raise not only typically developing children but also children with language deficits. In many countries where bilingualism or even multilingualism is the norm (e. g., India), there is a biased perspective that children with language disorders cannot learn multiple languages. Thus, children with language disorders in such countries are often made to choose amonolingual approach to their educational instruction and intervention. The area of research is further complicated by several external variables such as the interaction of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) in bilingual children, the age of the exposure to L2, the amount of exposure to L2, and so on. As researchers, we must continue to untangle these myths and misconceptions to understand the true nature of bilingualism. In this special issue of “Language Development and Disorders inMultilingual Children,”wehave assembled a total of six articles, including original research, case studies, and reviews that highlight the different facets of bilingualism and multilingualism. Tran et al surveyed the language practices at home among 151 Vietnamese-Australian parents.8 The survey findings revealed that about a third of the participants (35.6%) had a family language policy, and 72.5% of those consistently implemented their policy. The authors emphasize that without support from the government, most of the Vietnamese-English bilingual children i
世界上一半以上的人口会说两种语言在美国和加拿大,大约有20%的人口在家里说英语以外的语言。双语在欧洲更为普遍,在所有欧盟国家中,大约56%的人口是双语者虽然双语者占世界人口的很大比例,但多年来,双语问题一直是一个令人困惑的研究领域。这主要是由于对双语儿童/个人的误解。说两种或两种以上的语言会影响心智发育,或者双语儿童觉得学习两种语言很困惑,这是一些关于双语者的普遍误解,这些误解一直存在但这一领域的研究表明,情况并非如此。例如,皮尔和兰伯特在一系列测试中比较了法语单语者和英法双语者的表现作者发现,双语者在语言任务上的表现优于单语者。这一发现虽然令人惊讶,但在后续的几项研究中得到了证实。这些研究表明,双语儿童在一系列语言和非语言技能方面都具有优势双语的优势不仅仅止于儿童时期。它也会一直持续到成年不幸的是,尽管有大量证据表明双语的优势,但围绕双语的误解仍在继续,导致人们认为单语方法不仅是培养正常发育儿童的更好方法,也是培养语言缺陷儿童的更好方法。在许多以双语甚至多语为常态的国家(例如印度),存在一种偏见,认为有语言障碍的儿童无法学习多种语言。因此,这些国家的语言障碍儿童往往被迫选择单语方法进行教育指导和干预。这一研究领域因几个外部变量而进一步复杂化,如双语儿童的第一语言(L1)和第二语言(L2)的相互作用、接触L2的年龄、接触L2的量等等。作为研究人员,我们必须继续解开这些神话和误解,以了解双语的真正本质。在本期“多语儿童的语言发展和障碍”特刊中,我们汇集了六篇文章,包括原创研究、案例研究和综述,突出了双语和多语的不同方面。Tran等人调查了151名越南裔澳大利亚父母在家里的语言习惯调查结果显示,约三分之一(35.6%)的参与者有家庭语言政策,其中72.5%的人一直在执行他们的政策。作者强调,如果没有政府的支持,澳大利亚的大多数越南语-英语双语儿童都有可能放弃一贯使用越南语,而不是使用主导语言英语。Freeman和Schroeder在他们的综述中提出了在使用规范参照测试评估双语儿童语言技能时应该考虑的重要策略作者还提出了规范参考测试的替代方案,包括动态评估措施、非词重复、语言抽样、非语言认知和家长报告。Srikar等人在他们的论文中提出了文献综述和四个案例的结合他们文章的前半部分回顾了以前的文献,这些文献可能有助于在选择干预语言的决策过程中,为接触多种语言的自闭症谱系障碍儿童提供帮助。文章的后半部分介绍了四个案例,突出了临床医生在像印度这样的国家进行干预的语言选择过程中面临的挑战。Rego等人测量了典型发展的说Konkani-English的双语儿童的词汇知识与第一语言和第二语言以及年龄的关系研究结果表明,参与者的两种语言词汇量都随着年龄的增长而增加。然而,尚不能确定母语对二语或反之对词汇知识的影响。Mohan等人调查了两组双语儿童的母语书面文字的性质是否会影响第二语言读写技能。有趣的是,作者发现
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引用次数: 0
Clinical Significance of Terminal Syringomyelia and Accompanying Congenital Anomalies of Neurosurgical Interest in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Tethered Cord Syndrome 成人和儿童脊髓栓系综合征患者终末期脊髓空洞症及伴有先天性神经外科异常的临床意义
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757142
Usame Rakip, Ihsan Canbek, Serhat Yıldızhan, M. Boyacı, Akın Cengiz, Adem Aslan
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to examine tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and terminal syringomyelia (TS). Additionally, there is increasing evidence of an association between congenital anomalies and TCS. We aimed to identify the clinical and radiological characteristics of syringomyelia and other anomalies in pediatric and adult patients with TCS. This study included 54 TCS patients (mean age, 17.37 ± 15.83 years; 31 females) admitted to our department between 2010 and 2019. The patients were divided into two age groups: pediatric (<18 years; 63%) and adult (>18 years). Clinical findings, direct vertebrae radiographs, lower extremity radiographs, and spinal/cranial MRI findings were used to evaluate all patients. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to reveal the structure of the septum in patients with Diastematomyelia. Cranial ultrasonography or CT was performed if the fontanel was open or closed, respectively, in pediatric hydrocephalus cases. Pelvic ultrasonography and urodynamic tests were performed to evaluate other comorbid anomalies and urinary system pathologies. A thick filum terminale (73.3%) and diastematomyelia (44.4%) were found to cause spinal tension. The most common accompanying pathology was syringomyelia (78%). The common symptoms were urinary incontinence and bowel problems (71%), scoliosis (68%), and progressive lower extremity weakness (64.4%). It is difficult to distinguish the exact cause of symptoms in patients with TCS and TS. Due to the greater occurrence of other congenital spinal anomalies accompanying TCS, both preoperative symptoms and clinical findings are more severe in the pediatric group than in the adult group, and postoperative results may be more negative.
磁共振成像(MRI)可用于检查脊髓栓系综合征(TCS)和终末期脊髓空洞症(TS)。此外,越来越多的证据表明先天性畸形与TCS之间存在关联。我们旨在确定儿童和成人TCS患者脊髓空洞症和其他异常的临床和放射学特征。本研究包括54名TCS患者(平均年龄17.37岁) ± 15.83年;31名女性)。患者被分为两个年龄组:儿科(18岁)。临床表现、直接脊椎X线片、下肢X线片和脊椎/颅骨MRI检查结果用于评估所有患者。计算机断层扫描(CT)显示了脊髓纵裂患者的隔膜结构。在儿童脑积水病例中,如果囟门打开或关闭,则分别进行颅骨超声或CT检查。进行盆腔超声检查和尿动力学检查,以评估其他合并症异常和泌尿系统病理。终丝增厚(73.3%)和脊髓纵裂(44.4%)可引起脊髓张力。最常见的伴随病理是脊髓空洞症(78%)。常见症状为尿失禁和肠道问题(71%)、脊柱侧弯(68%)和进行性下肢无力(64.4%)。TCS和TS患者的确切症状原因很难区分。由于伴随TCS的其他先天性脊柱异常发生率更高,儿童组的术前症状和临床表现都比成人组更严重,术后结果可能更为阴性。
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引用次数: 0
The Association of Sentence Imitation with Other Language Domains in Bilingual Children 双语儿童句子模仿与其他语言领域的关联
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743528
H. Grech
The association of sentence imitation with other language domains has been of interest to researchers and clinicians for decades. Sentence imitation taps both working memory and linguistic competence. Working memory refers to the ability to recall and manipulate linguistic information making sentence imitation a clinical marker for language ability. Meanwhile, research on the application of sentence imitation with bilingual language pairs is still emerging. This article reports a study on a large sample of Maltese children brought up in an early bilingual language acquisition context. It analyses correlations between a sentence imitation task, verbal comprehension, narrative (story retelling), phonological awareness, and two measures of a phonology test: percentage consonants correct and the inconsistency score. Data were collected from a total of 241 children, aged 24 to 72 months, who were selected randomly from the public birth register. The subtests administered were part of a test battery, namely, the Maltese–English Speech Assessment (MESA) and the Language Assessment for Maltese Children (LAMC). Correlations were calculated for the sentence imitation scores with specific language subtest scores; significant correlations were identified as well as with chronological age. Regression analysis indicated that the sentence imitation subtest of LAMC is a predictor for verbal comprehension and even stronger predictor for phonological awareness. It was concluded that performance on a sentence imitation task is a valid and reliable indication of Maltese bilingual children's language ability.
几十年来,研究人员和临床医生一直对句子模仿与其他语言领域的联系感兴趣。句子模仿利用了工作记忆和语言能力。工作记忆是指回忆和操纵语言信息的能力,使句子模仿成为语言能力的临床标志。同时,关于双语语言对语句模仿应用的研究仍在不断涌现。本文报道了一项对在早期双语语言习得环境中长大的马耳他儿童的大样本研究。它分析了句子模仿任务、语言理解、叙事(故事复述)、语音意识和语音测试的两个指标之间的相关性:辅音正确率和不一致分数。数据收集自241名24至72个月大的儿童,他们是从公共出生登记册中随机选择的。所进行的子测验是测试组的一部分,即马耳他-英语言语评估(MESA)和马耳他儿童语言评估(LAMC)。计算句子模仿得分与特定语言子测验得分的相关性;发现了与实际年龄的显著相关性。回归分析表明,LAMC的句子模仿子测验对语言理解具有预测作用,对语音意识具有更强的预测作用。结果表明,在句子模仿任务中的表现是马耳他双语儿童语言能力的一个有效而可靠的指标。
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引用次数: 1
Emerging Multiple Parasite Reinfection as Neglected Tropical Disease: A Case Series 新出现的多种寄生虫再感染作为被忽视的热带病:一个病例系列
IF 0.3 Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743196
F. Alatas, Aldisa Ayu Pratiwi, A. Kurniawan, A. Pudjiadi
Soil-transmitted helminth infection is endemic in Indonesia, with cases of reinfection despite individualized therapy and a mass treatment program. Three cases of multiple helminth infections were described that might be associated with chronic bloody diarrhea and stunted growth. These case series alert pediatricians that untreated helminthic infections are part of the differential diagnosis in children with gastrointestinal bleeding. Environmental surveillance should be performed in high-risk areas to prevent reinfection and growth alteration. In endemic areas, bloody diarrhea warns for an early routine fecal analysis. Correct diagnosis, prompt treatment, and source control are crucial to prevent long-term complications.
土壤传播的蠕虫感染是印度尼西亚的地方病,尽管进行了个体化治疗和大规模治疗,仍有再次感染的病例。描述了三例多重蠕虫感染病例,可能与慢性带血腹泻和生长迟缓有关。这些病例系列提醒儿科医生,未经治疗的蠕虫感染是儿童胃肠道出血鉴别诊断的一部分。应在高风险地区进行环境监测,以防止再次感染和生长变化。在流行地区,出血性腹泻警告早期进行常规粪便分析。正确的诊断、及时的治疗和源头控制对于预防长期并发症至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Child Science
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