Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/22308075241273723
R. Thirunavukkarasu
This study seeks to analyse the complex and contentious relationship between Saivite revivalism and the nationalist aspirations of Tamils during the colonial period in India. One of the versatile faces of Saivite revivalism in modern Tamil society—Maraimalai Adigal, who engaged with the crises of colonial modernity, Brahminical Hinduism and Sanskrit supremacy, is celebrated to have offered nascent nationalist consciousness among non-Brahmin Tamils. Many scholarly works strongly approved his contributions as vital for the modern Tamil society as his passionate exegeses were believed to have laid the foundation for a nation to be imagined by non-Brahmin Tamils. This study disputes such a claim by delineating the inherent supremacy of ascriptive ideology in his Saivite revivalist paradigm. By invoking the conceptual framework of Ernest Gellner, who insisted that a nation is a self-conscious political community where some deep, permanent and profound changes take place in which society is organised. This article seeks to explicate how the contributions of Maraimalai Adigal and his Saivite revivalist fraternity firmly prevented the emergence of a new Tamil society to be organised with a reordered culture as a meta-local homogeneity or of power as a new political community.
{"title":"Inventing a Nation: Envisaging Tamilised Saivism in Colonial Tamil Society","authors":"R. Thirunavukkarasu","doi":"10.1177/22308075241273723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075241273723","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to analyse the complex and contentious relationship between Saivite revivalism and the nationalist aspirations of Tamils during the colonial period in India. One of the versatile faces of Saivite revivalism in modern Tamil society—Maraimalai Adigal, who engaged with the crises of colonial modernity, Brahminical Hinduism and Sanskrit supremacy, is celebrated to have offered nascent nationalist consciousness among non-Brahmin Tamils. Many scholarly works strongly approved his contributions as vital for the modern Tamil society as his passionate exegeses were believed to have laid the foundation for a nation to be imagined by non-Brahmin Tamils. This study disputes such a claim by delineating the inherent supremacy of ascriptive ideology in his Saivite revivalist paradigm. By invoking the conceptual framework of Ernest Gellner, who insisted that a nation is a self-conscious political community where some deep, permanent and profound changes take place in which society is organised. This article seeks to explicate how the contributions of Maraimalai Adigal and his Saivite revivalist fraternity firmly prevented the emergence of a new Tamil society to be organised with a reordered culture as a meta-local homogeneity or of power as a new political community.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1177/22308075231226362
Krishna Prasad Pandey
The 2015 Constitution defines Nepal as a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country but not a multi-national; however, historically, two powerful ethnic groups with potential sub-national characters have been contesting each other under the native versus immigrant dyad. The alleged immigrants, namely the Madheshis, and the self-claimed native settlers, to name the Pahadis, both assert their distinct ethnic and linguistic identity enriched with sub-national strength. As a result, the Madheshis question the legitimacy of the civic form of nationalism promoted by the Pahadi ruling elites under ‘Nepali’ monocultural framework, thereby demanding that their sub-national character be recognised, whereas the Pahadis aim to assimilate the Madheshis under the civic form of nationalist framework that they have been promoting for a long. The face-off between these two groups has impacted national ethnopolitics and everyday relations since the 2007 Madheshi uprising. On this backdrop, this article, based on secondary sources, inquires how strong the Madheshis’ claim of sub-national identity is in relation to the larger framework of Nepali national identity structured by Pahadi norms and values.
{"title":"Ethnicity and Madheshi Sub-National Identity in Nepal","authors":"Krishna Prasad Pandey","doi":"10.1177/22308075231226362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231226362","url":null,"abstract":"The 2015 Constitution defines Nepal as a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country but not a multi-national; however, historically, two powerful ethnic groups with potential sub-national characters have been contesting each other under the native versus immigrant dyad. The alleged immigrants, namely the Madheshis, and the self-claimed native settlers, to name the Pahadis, both assert their distinct ethnic and linguistic identity enriched with sub-national strength. As a result, the Madheshis question the legitimacy of the civic form of nationalism promoted by the Pahadi ruling elites under ‘Nepali’ monocultural framework, thereby demanding that their sub-national character be recognised, whereas the Pahadis aim to assimilate the Madheshis under the civic form of nationalist framework that they have been promoting for a long. The face-off between these two groups has impacted national ethnopolitics and everyday relations since the 2007 Madheshi uprising. On this backdrop, this article, based on secondary sources, inquires how strong the Madheshis’ claim of sub-national identity is in relation to the larger framework of Nepali national identity structured by Pahadi norms and values.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1177/22308075231226365
Arenmenla Jamir
The article traces the efforts made by the American Baptist missionaries in the nineteenth century to connect with the local communities of the Naga Hills. The success of the mission has been credited to the mission’s successful use of terminologies drawn from local oral traditions in translating the Bible. While the article builds upon this argument, it also shows that while missionaries turned to such traditions to find context and cultural relevance for their evangelism work or acquire legitimacy for their choices, for example, in the form of selecting the print language for the ‘tribes’, in other instances oral tradition was branded rather as ‘doubtful stories’ and ‘strange legends’. Within this context, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the systematic attack and dismantling of local social and cultural practices sustained by the locals’ oral tradition.
{"title":"Selecting ‘History’: Baptist Mission in Nineteenth Century Naga Hills","authors":"Arenmenla Jamir","doi":"10.1177/22308075231226365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231226365","url":null,"abstract":"The article traces the efforts made by the American Baptist missionaries in the nineteenth century to connect with the local communities of the Naga Hills. The success of the mission has been credited to the mission’s successful use of terminologies drawn from local oral traditions in translating the Bible. While the article builds upon this argument, it also shows that while missionaries turned to such traditions to find context and cultural relevance for their evangelism work or acquire legitimacy for their choices, for example, in the form of selecting the print language for the ‘tribes’, in other instances oral tradition was branded rather as ‘doubtful stories’ and ‘strange legends’. Within this context, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw the systematic attack and dismantling of local social and cultural practices sustained by the locals’ oral tradition.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1177/22308075231226360
Nikita Kaliravana, Ambati Nageswara Rao
Land degradation is one of the most serious ecological issues we face today. From the Rio+20 Summit through the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD-COP15), many countries have made significant commitments to combat desertification. For its part, India also established goals in this area. UNCCD acknowledges the intricate relationship between land degradation and its impacts on women. The convention actively promotes gender-sensitive approaches to addressing environmental issues. The main aim of this study is to assess the present condition of desertification and degradation in the Banni grasslands ecosystem located in Kutch, India. The grasslands in question have undergone a prolonged period of degradation, desertification and droughts spanning several decades. However, a limited number of academic studies have been conducted in relation to this matter. The evaluation of the consequences of Banni’s degradation on the local communities, with a particular focus on women, has been motivated by Sustainable Development Goal 15 and the UNCCD. The researchers conducted an empirical study in the Banni region that integrated both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, utilising structured and unstructured questionnaires as well as interviews. The researchers have utilised inductive reasoning in the process.
{"title":"Desertification, Water and Women in Banni Grasslands of India","authors":"Nikita Kaliravana, Ambati Nageswara Rao","doi":"10.1177/22308075231226360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231226360","url":null,"abstract":"Land degradation is one of the most serious ecological issues we face today. From the Rio+20 Summit through the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD-COP15), many countries have made significant commitments to combat desertification. For its part, India also established goals in this area. UNCCD acknowledges the intricate relationship between land degradation and its impacts on women. The convention actively promotes gender-sensitive approaches to addressing environmental issues. The main aim of this study is to assess the present condition of desertification and degradation in the Banni grasslands ecosystem located in Kutch, India. The grasslands in question have undergone a prolonged period of degradation, desertification and droughts spanning several decades. However, a limited number of academic studies have been conducted in relation to this matter. The evaluation of the consequences of Banni’s degradation on the local communities, with a particular focus on women, has been motivated by Sustainable Development Goal 15 and the UNCCD. The researchers conducted an empirical study in the Banni region that integrated both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, utilising structured and unstructured questionnaires as well as interviews. The researchers have utilised inductive reasoning in the process.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.1177/22308075231207157
Dhrub Kumar Singh
{"title":"Deepak Kumar, ‘Culture’ of Science and the Making of Modern India. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2023, 330 pp., ₹1695.","authors":"Dhrub Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1177/22308075231207157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231207157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1177/22308075231201903
T. David Suanlian
Stone engraving or carving also known as petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving or abrading, as a form of rock art. In the engraving, animals, men, ornaments, instruments, weapons and so on have been depicted which is the material culture of the Zo tribes. This article attempts to give a brief account of the living rock art tradition of the Zo people in the transborder area of Indo-Myanmar. The culture extended to Chin Hills and Mizoram who are the same group of southern Manipur. The periodisation of the studied rock art is beyond the understanding of a mere scholar without the help of experts. This article deals only with the petroglyph or rock art irrespective of megalith, monolith, dolmens or menhir. Efforts have been made to explore how these diverse tendencies can be beneficial within the study of rock art and history.
{"title":"Study of the Traditional Rock Art of the Zo Tribes in Northeast India","authors":"T. David Suanlian","doi":"10.1177/22308075231201903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231201903","url":null,"abstract":"Stone engraving or carving also known as petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving or abrading, as a form of rock art. In the engraving, animals, men, ornaments, instruments, weapons and so on have been depicted which is the material culture of the Zo tribes. This article attempts to give a brief account of the living rock art tradition of the Zo people in the transborder area of Indo-Myanmar. The culture extended to Chin Hills and Mizoram who are the same group of southern Manipur. The periodisation of the studied rock art is beyond the understanding of a mere scholar without the help of experts. This article deals only with the petroglyph or rock art irrespective of megalith, monolith, dolmens or menhir. Efforts have been made to explore how these diverse tendencies can be beneficial within the study of rock art and history.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"111 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/22308075231201904
Saba Mahmood Bashir, Shelly Pandey
Transgender identities and sexualities find a visibly accepted presence in the medieval history of India, especially in the Mughal era. Historical accounts and studies have indicated the prestige and power enjoyed by the third gender in the Mughal Empire to the extent that some of the writings have located them as an integral part of Mughal courts of law, holding some key positions of the royal palaces. In the extant literature on transgender, the analysis of their position as depicted through Hindustani Cinema in the Mughal period remains inadequate. The cinematic representation of the transgenders in the Mughal period can certainly offer a wide window to analyse their status in the given era, as this period has been documented as one of the most liberal periods for the transgender in Indian History. The present article aims to fill this gap through a mise-en-scene analysis of Hindustani Cinema based on the Mughal Empire during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Hindustani Cinema has offered a marginalised space on-screen to transgender people for a long time by putting them only in humorous and comic roles. By providing an intense analysis of all the films based on the Mughal period in Hindustani Cinema, the present article argues that even period films are not devoid of the politics of representation of contemporary times.
{"title":"Transgenders of the Mughal Empire in Hindustani Cinema: Politics of Representations in Period Films","authors":"Saba Mahmood Bashir, Shelly Pandey","doi":"10.1177/22308075231201904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231201904","url":null,"abstract":"Transgender identities and sexualities find a visibly accepted presence in the medieval history of India, especially in the Mughal era. Historical accounts and studies have indicated the prestige and power enjoyed by the third gender in the Mughal Empire to the extent that some of the writings have located them as an integral part of Mughal courts of law, holding some key positions of the royal palaces. In the extant literature on transgender, the analysis of their position as depicted through Hindustani Cinema in the Mughal period remains inadequate. The cinematic representation of the transgenders in the Mughal period can certainly offer a wide window to analyse their status in the given era, as this period has been documented as one of the most liberal periods for the transgender in Indian History. The present article aims to fill this gap through a mise-en-scene analysis of Hindustani Cinema based on the Mughal Empire during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The Hindustani Cinema has offered a marginalised space on-screen to transgender people for a long time by putting them only in humorous and comic roles. By providing an intense analysis of all the films based on the Mughal period in Hindustani Cinema, the present article argues that even period films are not devoid of the politics of representation of contemporary times.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":" 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1177/22308075231201899
Mihir Keshari
{"title":"Himanshu Prabha Ray, Salila Kulshreshtha, and Uthara Suvrathan (eds.), <i>The Routledge Handbook of Hindu Temples: Materiality, Social History and Practice.</i> London and New York: Routledge (Manohar Publishers & Distributors), 2023, 516 pp., ₹1995. ISBN 9781032534497.","authors":"Mihir Keshari","doi":"10.1177/22308075231201899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231201899","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/22308075231201902
Anuradha Ghosh
{"title":"Manik Bandyopadhyay, <i>The Murderer</i>. New Delhi, Calcutta: Hawakal Publishers, 2022, 69 pp.","authors":"Anuradha Ghosh","doi":"10.1177/22308075231201902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231201902","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"66 s301","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1177/22308075231201908
Jaysagar Wary, Bijit Brahma
The Santal Mission was established on 26th September 1867 by Mr E.C. Johnson a British missionary of Baptish Missionary Society, Lars Olsen Skrefsrud, a Norwegian and Hans Peter Boerresen, a Danish. So as to provide a better way of life to the Santal, Lars Olsen Skrefsrud and Hans Peter Boerresen played an important role to bring them to Goalpara district, which resulted in the creation of a Santal Colony in Assam. During the colonial period, the Santals were taken away by the British as tea coolies and forest labourers to different parts of India. Accordingly, the Santal Mission had brought a group of Santal community to Guma Duar in Goalpara district of Assam. Thereafter, several waves of Santal immigrants came to Goalpara district through the Santal Mission and made settlements in different places of Goalpara district. This article attempts to study the settlement of Santal and establishment of a Santal colony in Guma Duar of Goalpara district in Assam.
圣塔传教会成立于1867年9月26日，由英国浸信会传教士E.C. Johnson先生、挪威人Lars Olsen Skrefsrud和丹麦人Hans Peter Boerresen共同创立。为了给桑塔人提供更好的生活方式，Lars Olsen Skrefsrud和Hans Peter Boerresen发挥了重要作用，将他们带到Goalpara地区，从而在阿萨姆邦建立了桑塔人殖民地。在殖民时期，桑塔尔人被英国人作为茶叶苦力和森林工人带到印度的不同地区。因此，桑塔尔特派团将一群桑塔尔人带到阿萨姆邦戈帕拉区的古马杜阿尔。此后，几波Santal移民通过Santal Mission来到Goalpara地区，并在Goalpara地区的不同地方定居。本文试图研究在阿萨姆邦戈帕拉地区的古马杜瓦尔，桑塔尔人的定居和桑塔尔人殖民地的建立。
{"title":"Journey to New Land: Quest for Santal Settlement in Goalpara District of Assam During Colonial Period","authors":"Jaysagar Wary, Bijit Brahma","doi":"10.1177/22308075231201908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231201908","url":null,"abstract":"The Santal Mission was established on 26th September 1867 by Mr E.C. Johnson a British missionary of Baptish Missionary Society, Lars Olsen Skrefsrud, a Norwegian and Hans Peter Boerresen, a Danish. So as to provide a better way of life to the Santal, Lars Olsen Skrefsrud and Hans Peter Boerresen played an important role to bring them to Goalpara district, which resulted in the creation of a Santal Colony in Assam. During the colonial period, the Santals were taken away by the British as tea coolies and forest labourers to different parts of India. Accordingly, the Santal Mission had brought a group of Santal community to Guma Duar in Goalpara district of Assam. Thereafter, several waves of Santal immigrants came to Goalpara district through the Santal Mission and made settlements in different places of Goalpara district. This article attempts to study the settlement of Santal and establishment of a Santal colony in Guma Duar of Goalpara district in Assam.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"66 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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