Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1177/22308075231155227
Geetika Gupta
This study seeks to look at the origin and evolution of the practice of erecting memorial stones in the region of Rajasthan, India, during the early medieval period (600–1300 CE). It is observed that the idea of erecting such memorials, which is associated with the Rajputs particularly, became a widely accepted social practice among other sections of the society. This study attempts to analyse the content and subject matter of these stones and investigates why they were erected, for whom they were erected, who commissioned them, and how the family of the deceased viewed such memorials erected primarily to commemorate the dead. In fact, their erection was no less a grand affair; the people who commissioned the building of memorials paid homage and reverence to their dead ancestors and worshipped them according to their own socio-religious practices.
{"title":"Cult of Dead Heroes: A Study on the Memorial Stones of Rajasthan","authors":"Geetika Gupta","doi":"10.1177/22308075231155227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231155227","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to look at the origin and evolution of the practice of erecting memorial stones in the region of Rajasthan, India, during the early medieval period (600–1300 CE). It is observed that the idea of erecting such memorials, which is associated with the Rajputs particularly, became a widely accepted social practice among other sections of the society. This study attempts to analyse the content and subject matter of these stones and investigates why they were erected, for whom they were erected, who commissioned them, and how the family of the deceased viewed such memorials erected primarily to commemorate the dead. In fact, their erection was no less a grand affair; the people who commissioned the building of memorials paid homage and reverence to their dead ancestors and worshipped them according to their own socio-religious practices.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"223 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1177/22308075231155237
Zeeshan Husain
It has been almost two decades that the book From Pluralism to Separatism: Qasbas in Colonial Awadh got published and yet we see that the core argument stands not only relevant but also demands further investigation. Its writer, Mushirul Hasan, makes it clear that we must study pluralism in any society at any point in history so that we can understand what goes into the making of pluralism. The whole book has six major chapters: the first describes sociopolitical context of the qasbas; the second chapter describes Kidwai families in the Masauli qasba; the third one is on a taluqdar of Rudauli named Chaudhury Mohammad Ali; the fourth is a biographical sketch of three famous nationalist Muslims, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari and Rafi Ahmad Kidwai; the fifth one describes the Awadh region when pluralism started giving way to separatism and the last chapter is on the affect of Partition on the qasbati lives. In all six chapters, we see that the subtext is to understand the importance of studying pluralism as a value in itself.
{"title":"Pluralism Matters: Re-visiting the Qasbas in Colonial Awadh","authors":"Zeeshan Husain","doi":"10.1177/22308075231155237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231155237","url":null,"abstract":"It has been almost two decades that the book From Pluralism to Separatism: Qasbas in Colonial Awadh got published and yet we see that the core argument stands not only relevant but also demands further investigation. Its writer, Mushirul Hasan, makes it clear that we must study pluralism in any society at any point in history so that we can understand what goes into the making of pluralism. The whole book has six major chapters: the first describes sociopolitical context of the qasbas; the second chapter describes Kidwai families in the Masauli qasba; the third one is on a taluqdar of Rudauli named Chaudhury Mohammad Ali; the fourth is a biographical sketch of three famous nationalist Muslims, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari and Rafi Ahmad Kidwai; the fifth one describes the Awadh region when pluralism started giving way to separatism and the last chapter is on the affect of Partition on the qasbati lives. In all six chapters, we see that the subtext is to understand the importance of studying pluralism as a value in itself.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"234 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46253603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1177/22308075231155229
Sangeeta Kumari
A strong and extensively developed system of education existed in Punjab before the onset of colonialism in India. Delhi was one of the districts of Punjab Province under the British rule. With the change of power, there came change in all aspects of administration and the system of education was no exception. The focus here is on the changes that were brought about in educational policies and their manifestations within the institutional domains after the Revolt of 1857 until the 1880s. This was also the time when nationalist sentiments were on the rise and organisations like Arya Samaj and Sanatan Dharma played a very important role in spreading education in Delhi.
{"title":"Revolt of 1857 and Education in Delhi: Institutions and Policies","authors":"Sangeeta Kumari","doi":"10.1177/22308075231155229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231155229","url":null,"abstract":"A strong and extensively developed system of education existed in Punjab before the onset of colonialism in India. Delhi was one of the districts of Punjab Province under the British rule. With the change of power, there came change in all aspects of administration and the system of education was no exception. The focus here is on the changes that were brought about in educational policies and their manifestations within the institutional domains after the Revolt of 1857 until the 1880s. This was also the time when nationalist sentiments were on the rise and organisations like Arya Samaj and Sanatan Dharma played a very important role in spreading education in Delhi.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"109 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-13DOI: 10.1177/22308075231155246
Saumya Dey
{"title":"Shaking the Certitudes: Towards a Nationalist Narrative of India’s Ancient Past","authors":"Saumya Dey","doi":"10.1177/22308075231155246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231155246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"240 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48076774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1177/22308075231155233
Ekta Shaikh
Frederick Drew’s historical account is the most important primary source of nineteenth-century Ladakh. He covered the entire territory of Jammu and Kashmir; however, the descriptive analysis in the present article covers only Ladakh. He moves from one territory to another while doing a geological survey, and along with it, he describes the social characteristics of the population. The article is an attempt to outline the narrative style of Drew that allowed him to develop an idea regarding Ladakh’s territories in the nineteenth century.
{"title":"Understanding the Narrative Style of Frederick Drew: The Description of Ladakh","authors":"Ekta Shaikh","doi":"10.1177/22308075231155233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231155233","url":null,"abstract":"Frederick Drew’s historical account is the most important primary source of nineteenth-century Ladakh. He covered the entire territory of Jammu and Kashmir; however, the descriptive analysis in the present article covers only Ladakh. He moves from one territory to another while doing a geological survey, and along with it, he describes the social characteristics of the population. The article is an attempt to outline the narrative style of Drew that allowed him to develop an idea regarding Ladakh’s territories in the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"137 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1177/22308075231155248
Kunal Debnath
The Naths of Bengal belong to the Yogi caste which can be seen from the perspective of ‘a struggle for recognition’. The Naths of Bengal have been asserting their identity and showing resistance against the Brahmanical caste order since the mid-nineteenth century through breaking the monopoly of the Brahmans over priestcraft, sacred thread, and the apex position of the caste hierarchy. All of these monopolies were challenged by the Naths and they contested their position in the system of hierarchy through the popular ‘origin myth’ of their caste. However, the question of the Naths is still unaddressed in the academic realm. Despite their social resistance against their ascribed status, the Naths are lagging in the arena of politics in post-colonial West Bengal since they are unenthusiastic to politicise themselves.
{"title":"An Untold Saga of the Politics of Identity: The Struggle for Recognition of the Naths of Bengal","authors":"Kunal Debnath","doi":"10.1177/22308075231155248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075231155248","url":null,"abstract":"The Naths of Bengal belong to the Yogi caste which can be seen from the perspective of ‘a struggle for recognition’. The Naths of Bengal have been asserting their identity and showing resistance against the Brahmanical caste order since the mid-nineteenth century through breaking the monopoly of the Brahmans over priestcraft, sacred thread, and the apex position of the caste hierarchy. All of these monopolies were challenged by the Naths and they contested their position in the system of hierarchy through the popular ‘origin myth’ of their caste. However, the question of the Naths is still unaddressed in the academic realm. Despite their social resistance against their ascribed status, the Naths are lagging in the arena of politics in post-colonial West Bengal since they are unenthusiastic to politicise themselves.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"213 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41768915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-10DOI: 10.1177/22308075221132361
N. Jafri, Farhat Nasreen
This article seeks to establish the importance of Jayadeva’s Gita Govinda in the growth of mystical ideas surrounding the worship of Shri Radha and Shri Krishna in the medieval Braj region, with Vrindavan as the bull’s eye. It also highlights the importance that the Bhakti Movement gave to the emotion Preeti, love for the divine.
{"title":"Jayadeva’s Gita-Govinda Against a Backdrop of Shri Radha-Shri Krishna Cults of Vrindavan","authors":"N. Jafri, Farhat Nasreen","doi":"10.1177/22308075221132361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221132361","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to establish the importance of Jayadeva’s Gita Govinda in the growth of mystical ideas surrounding the worship of Shri Radha and Shri Krishna in the medieval Braj region, with Vrindavan as the bull’s eye. It also highlights the importance that the Bhakti Movement gave to the emotion Preeti, love for the divine.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"85 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45156795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-08DOI: 10.1177/22308075221132022
Samana Zafar
{"title":"Richard M. Eaton, India in the Persianate Age 1000–1765. London: Allen Lane–Penguin Books, 2019, 512 pp., £25.00; ₹999. ISBN-13: 978-0713995824.","authors":"Samana Zafar","doi":"10.1177/22308075221132022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221132022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"96 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47378557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-10DOI: 10.1177/22308075221119252
N. Rao
The Hada rulers of Kota state were devout followers of Hindu religion, but at the same time, they demonstrated their spirit of religious toleration towards all the other religions and sects. The archival documents give sufficient data and information that the Hada rulers liberally made land grants as well as cash donations to priestly class people and temples. The grants were liberally distributed by the state for the upkeep and maintenance of temples, the priestly class, intellectuals and Brahmins. The state also constructed temples and maintained and repaired them as per requirement from time to time. Priests, monks, sages and pandits were attached to the temples with financial assistance from the state exchequer. The state also ensured that regularly ritual worship is performed in temples, the lamp is lighted, prasad is distributed, havan (yajnas) and special poojas are performed on festive occasions, and bhog [food items, sweet meat, coconut, etc.] is offered to the presiding deities of the temple. The state also deployed katha vachaks [preachers] to different villages and urban centres to recite religious texts and stories on the virtues of heavenly gods. This was aimed at preserving and upholding the moral social order in the society and Varnashrama Dharma, which was followed by the Hara rulers of the Harawati region. The percentage of land granted to temples and also for charitable purposes ranged between 3% and 15% in different parganas of the state, which was higher than the land grants made by Mughal rulers.
{"title":"Nature and Extent of Dohli Land Grant and Donations in the Territory of Kota State (1670–1820 CE)","authors":"N. Rao","doi":"10.1177/22308075221119252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221119252","url":null,"abstract":"The Hada rulers of Kota state were devout followers of Hindu religion, but at the same time, they demonstrated their spirit of religious toleration towards all the other religions and sects. The archival documents give sufficient data and information that the Hada rulers liberally made land grants as well as cash donations to priestly class people and temples. The grants were liberally distributed by the state for the upkeep and maintenance of temples, the priestly class, intellectuals and Brahmins. The state also constructed temples and maintained and repaired them as per requirement from time to time. Priests, monks, sages and pandits were attached to the temples with financial assistance from the state exchequer. The state also ensured that regularly ritual worship is performed in temples, the lamp is lighted, prasad is distributed, havan (yajnas) and special poojas are performed on festive occasions, and bhog [food items, sweet meat, coconut, etc.] is offered to the presiding deities of the temple. The state also deployed katha vachaks [preachers] to different villages and urban centres to recite religious texts and stories on the virtues of heavenly gods. This was aimed at preserving and upholding the moral social order in the society and Varnashrama Dharma, which was followed by the Hara rulers of the Harawati region. The percentage of land granted to temples and also for charitable purposes ranged between 3% and 15% in different parganas of the state, which was higher than the land grants made by Mughal rulers.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"44 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44245504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1177/22308075221119253
Sohail Nazim
Human civilisation has always been plagued by the problem of access to justice for the weak. With human development, the modern state took up the responsibility of administering justice. Modern states have complex legal systems, making legal aid an essential part of access to justice for the poor. In 1976, the Indian Constitution was amended to add Article 39A, mandating the state’s responsibility to provide free legal aid to the impoverished. Legal aid is discussed in the article, along with its origins and meaning. This article examines the history and legal framework of legal aid in India. Further, a judicial analysis is provided that makes legal aid a fundamental right. The article also emphasises the lacunas in the judicial system in India.
{"title":"Historical Development of Legal Aid System in India: A Legal Perspectives","authors":"Sohail Nazim","doi":"10.1177/22308075221119253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221119253","url":null,"abstract":"Human civilisation has always been plagued by the problem of access to justice for the weak. With human development, the modern state took up the responsibility of administering justice. Modern states have complex legal systems, making legal aid an essential part of access to justice for the poor. In 1976, the Indian Constitution was amended to add Article 39A, mandating the state’s responsibility to provide free legal aid to the impoverished. Legal aid is discussed in the article, along with its origins and meaning. This article examines the history and legal framework of legal aid in India. Further, a judicial analysis is provided that makes legal aid a fundamental right. The article also emphasises the lacunas in the judicial system in India.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"69 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48398500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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