Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.1177/22308075221119251
Chetan
The article studies Kipling’s career early writings, including personal letters, newspaper articles and short stories to show the impact of the Indian climate, topography, inadequate medical facilities and diseases on the British and natives. Irrespective of age, race and ethnicity, Kipling remains sensitive toward the affliction of people. The article also reveals that cholera was orientalised and stigmatised in the West owing to ideological, cultural and racial biases against India. The country earns the reputation of the home of diseases and beasts extensively popularised through newspapers, magazines, fiction and discursive writings. With the spreading of Asiatic cholera and other diseases, a substantial number of adults and children lose their lives in Europe and India. The death toll is astronomically high in the remote areas of India in the absence of medical facilities and unmediated administrative and military policies.
{"title":"Plain Tales from the Hills and Epistles: Kipling’s Public Health Concerns in Colonial India","authors":"Chetan","doi":"10.1177/22308075221119251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221119251","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies Kipling’s career early writings, including personal letters, newspaper articles and short stories to show the impact of the Indian climate, topography, inadequate medical facilities and diseases on the British and natives. Irrespective of age, race and ethnicity, Kipling remains sensitive toward the affliction of people. The article also reveals that cholera was orientalised and stigmatised in the West owing to ideological, cultural and racial biases against India. The country earns the reputation of the home of diseases and beasts extensively popularised through newspapers, magazines, fiction and discursive writings. With the spreading of Asiatic cholera and other diseases, a substantial number of adults and children lose their lives in Europe and India. The death toll is astronomically high in the remote areas of India in the absence of medical facilities and unmediated administrative and military policies.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"25 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43209988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1177/22308075221119241
Shireen Siddiqui, Sujata
This article critically analyses the side effects of the Western Imperialism through their careful manufacturing of Orientalism as a discourse over centuries and promoting a stereotyped ‘Oriental’ flavour through its literature such as, Thomas Moore’s narrative poem, Lalla Rookh (1817) that essentially obeys to confine to the identity of the Orient. Edward Said’s Orientalism (1989) forms the foundation of the article and studies the role of an Orientalist in the process of Orientalising the East, as the middleman between the East and West that helped substantiate the image of the stereotyped Orient by contributing to the literature. Modern Orientalism has a recurring theme of identity crisis and displacement, which roots from the long history of exploitation faced by the people in the name of The White Man’s Burden, coined in an 1899 poem by Rudyard Kipling as a symbol of his compassion towards the white supremacy. The article also identifies sensuality in language to express the exotic image of India in Thomas Moore’s Lalla Rookh, an Oriental romance as an Oriental romance to substantiate the image of the stereotyped Orient.
{"title":"Orient Romanticised: Disruption of Orient’s Reality in Select Occidental Literary Discourses","authors":"Shireen Siddiqui, Sujata","doi":"10.1177/22308075221119241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221119241","url":null,"abstract":"This article critically analyses the side effects of the Western Imperialism through their careful manufacturing of Orientalism as a discourse over centuries and promoting a stereotyped ‘Oriental’ flavour through its literature such as, Thomas Moore’s narrative poem, Lalla Rookh (1817) that essentially obeys to confine to the identity of the Orient. Edward Said’s Orientalism (1989) forms the foundation of the article and studies the role of an Orientalist in the process of Orientalising the East, as the middleman between the East and West that helped substantiate the image of the stereotyped Orient by contributing to the literature. Modern Orientalism has a recurring theme of identity crisis and displacement, which roots from the long history of exploitation faced by the people in the name of The White Man’s Burden, coined in an 1899 poem by Rudyard Kipling as a symbol of his compassion towards the white supremacy. The article also identifies sensuality in language to express the exotic image of India in Thomas Moore’s Lalla Rookh, an Oriental romance as an Oriental romance to substantiate the image of the stereotyped Orient.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"7 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43446923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1177/22308075221119262
Pournamy
{"title":"Suresh Babu G. S. (ed.), Education and the Public Sphere: Exploring the Structures of Mediation in Post-Colonial India. Routledge, 2019, 300 pp., ₹9,045, ISBN 9781138495371 (hardback).","authors":"Pournamy","doi":"10.1177/22308075221119262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221119262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":"93 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42474297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/22308075221098265
Karmveer Singh
In today’s world of ‘Asianisation’ whereby the countries of Asia are reinventing their historical linkages and asserting their combined power on the world stage, an understanding of the cultures of neighbours and how reciprocal cultural linkages can contribute to enhance cooperation among the countries assumes importance. India shares a long history of cultural and commercial contacts with the region of Southeast Asia including Thailand date back to the very early centuries of the Common Era, perhaps even earlier. India’s interaction with this region in terms of history, culture and religion has been unique, deep, rich and apparently visible even today. Since time immemorial, the Bay of Bengal has been a highway of communication between the two regions bringing closer the cultures, economies and the people of both sides. Culture, along with commerce, contributed to exchange of ideas and knowledge between the two regions. The people of this land became so responsive to the Indian cultural elements that they imbibed and well adapted these to the native environmental conditions. Through contact and interaction, Indian cultural influence slowly and gradually penetrated into the local pattern of life in Southeast Asia. This peaceful penetration of Indian culture was carried out by traders, Brahmin priests, Buddhist monks, scholars and adventurers all along the maritime trade routes. The notable feature of this early interaction is that, the native people of Southeast Asia did not follow Indian cultural traits blindly. They absorbed only those Indian cultural elements into their indigenous cultural patterns which were either consisted with or could be shaped to their own beliefs and necessities. The process of Indian cultural influence never eradicated indigenous foundation of their society and culture. Moreover, it has been a mutual learning process in which both sides learned many things from each other. In order to understand and comprehend the processes responsible for such deep cultural interactions, Thailand has been chosen as a case study, owing to its geographical and historical proximity. India and Thailand located in each other’s extended neighbourhood and share a unique cultural linkage with the great Indian Emperor Ashoka, sending Buddhist missionaries to Thailand and thus making it one of the major religions in Thailand and the rest of Southeast Asia. A notable feature of this time-honoured cultural interaction is that it has been entirely peaceful and having no political ambitions. In modern times, the civilisational linkages constitute a special asset for the further development of multifaceted relationship between the two countries. The shared cultural heritage helps both the countries to understand and confront contemporary challenges. This article attempts to study the cultural dimensions of India’s multifaceted interaction with Thailand in the historical context. It argues that history and culture are central to any understanding of
{"title":"Cultural Dimensions of India–Thailand Relations: A Historical Perspective","authors":"Karmveer Singh","doi":"10.1177/22308075221098265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221098265","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s world of ‘Asianisation’ whereby the countries of Asia are reinventing their historical linkages and asserting their combined power on the world stage, an understanding of the cultures of neighbours and how reciprocal cultural linkages can contribute to enhance cooperation among the countries assumes importance. India shares a long history of cultural and commercial contacts with the region of Southeast Asia including Thailand date back to the very early centuries of the Common Era, perhaps even earlier. India’s interaction with this region in terms of history, culture and religion has been unique, deep, rich and apparently visible even today. Since time immemorial, the Bay of Bengal has been a highway of communication between the two regions bringing closer the cultures, economies and the people of both sides. Culture, along with commerce, contributed to exchange of ideas and knowledge between the two regions. The people of this land became so responsive to the Indian cultural elements that they imbibed and well adapted these to the native environmental conditions. Through contact and interaction, Indian cultural influence slowly and gradually penetrated into the local pattern of life in Southeast Asia. This peaceful penetration of Indian culture was carried out by traders, Brahmin priests, Buddhist monks, scholars and adventurers all along the maritime trade routes. The notable feature of this early interaction is that, the native people of Southeast Asia did not follow Indian cultural traits blindly. They absorbed only those Indian cultural elements into their indigenous cultural patterns which were either consisted with or could be shaped to their own beliefs and necessities. The process of Indian cultural influence never eradicated indigenous foundation of their society and culture. Moreover, it has been a mutual learning process in which both sides learned many things from each other. In order to understand and comprehend the processes responsible for such deep cultural interactions, Thailand has been chosen as a case study, owing to its geographical and historical proximity. India and Thailand located in each other’s extended neighbourhood and share a unique cultural linkage with the great Indian Emperor Ashoka, sending Buddhist missionaries to Thailand and thus making it one of the major religions in Thailand and the rest of Southeast Asia. A notable feature of this time-honoured cultural interaction is that it has been entirely peaceful and having no political ambitions. In modern times, the civilisational linkages constitute a special asset for the further development of multifaceted relationship between the two countries. The shared cultural heritage helps both the countries to understand and confront contemporary challenges. This article attempts to study the cultural dimensions of India’s multifaceted interaction with Thailand in the historical context. It argues that history and culture are central to any understanding of ","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"77 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-13DOI: 10.1177/22308075221098256
Reena Ragi
{"title":"Chaitra Redkar, Gandhian Engagement with Capital: Perspectives of J. C. Kumarappa, SAGE Publications, 2019, 217 pp., ₹750.","authors":"Reena Ragi","doi":"10.1177/22308075221098256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221098256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"116 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46245326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-24DOI: 10.1177/22308075221098266
Sangeeta Sharma
The article seeks to explore the dimensions of ‘otherness’ in the attitudes of the Memsahibs, that is, how these women who accompanied British men to India perceived the ‘other’ in terms of the physical, cultural and moral attributes of the Indians and more significantly how they negotiate the ‘other’ in terms of language, climate, food, and so on. Do these women strive hard to bridge the gap between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ or continue to isolate themselves in their white enclaves? Did they try to reach out to the Indians or they deliberately tried to limit the contact zones with Indians? Whether their construction of Indians and Indian society is disparaging, sympathetic or appreciative? The three narratives have been perused to provide insights into these issues. The objective of the article is to deny the meta-narrative and instead present mini-narratives that reflect their plural and diverse experiences.
{"title":"Colonial Gaze as Reflected in the Narratives of Memsahibs","authors":"Sangeeta Sharma","doi":"10.1177/22308075221098266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221098266","url":null,"abstract":"The article seeks to explore the dimensions of ‘otherness’ in the attitudes of the Memsahibs, that is, how these women who accompanied British men to India perceived the ‘other’ in terms of the physical, cultural and moral attributes of the Indians and more significantly how they negotiate the ‘other’ in terms of language, climate, food, and so on. Do these women strive hard to bridge the gap between the ‘self’ and the ‘other’ or continue to isolate themselves in their white enclaves? Did they try to reach out to the Indians or they deliberately tried to limit the contact zones with Indians? Whether their construction of Indians and Indian society is disparaging, sympathetic or appreciative? The three narratives have been perused to provide insights into these issues. The objective of the article is to deny the meta-narrative and instead present mini-narratives that reflect their plural and diverse experiences.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"93 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46749793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.1177/22308075221103346
S. Baksi
Kumaraapa also supported the Gandhian Notion of Education popularly known as Nayi Talim. Accodingly, Kumarappa sought to establish ‘work as a medium of education’. He said that every work has two aspects: first, the physical labour, and the second, pleasure of the outcome. Unlike the Western education which does not bridge the gap between the two aspects, Indian education must do it because physical labour is must for moral growth of an individual. The book besides education also deals with the caste questions which looks little bit out of place. The author could have dealt with it separately. This would have given a better insight of Gandhi on social questions through Kumarappa. Overall, the book is a must read for all those who are either critical of or passionately interested in Gandhian ideas.
{"title":"Suvobrata Sarkar, Let There be Light: Engineering, Entrepreneurship and Electricity in Colonial Bengal, 1880-1945. Cambridge University Press, 2020, 308 pp., ₹850 (Hardback). ISBN 9781108835985.","authors":"S. Baksi","doi":"10.1177/22308075221103346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221103346","url":null,"abstract":"Kumaraapa also supported the Gandhian Notion of Education popularly known as Nayi Talim. Accodingly, Kumarappa sought to establish ‘work as a medium of education’. He said that every work has two aspects: first, the physical labour, and the second, pleasure of the outcome. Unlike the Western education which does not bridge the gap between the two aspects, Indian education must do it because physical labour is must for moral growth of an individual. The book besides education also deals with the caste questions which looks little bit out of place. The author could have dealt with it separately. This would have given a better insight of Gandhi on social questions through Kumarappa. Overall, the book is a must read for all those who are either critical of or passionately interested in Gandhian ideas.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"118 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44514789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-06DOI: 10.1177/22308075221098263
Saumya Garima Jaipuriar
The appearance of Hindu gods was an essential feature of various indigenous Indian art tradition. The rise of hybrid Indo-Western art schools, notably Patnakalam heralded a fundamental shift in the way gods appeared in art and the meaning their iconography carried. This may be understood as one of the ways in which a kind of modernity took shape in nineteenth century Indian art.
{"title":"Gods in Patnakalam: Tradition and Modernity in Colonial Art","authors":"Saumya Garima Jaipuriar","doi":"10.1177/22308075221098263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221098263","url":null,"abstract":"The appearance of Hindu gods was an essential feature of various indigenous Indian art tradition. The rise of hybrid Indo-Western art schools, notably Patnakalam heralded a fundamental shift in the way gods appeared in art and the meaning their iconography carried. This may be understood as one of the ways in which a kind of modernity took shape in nineteenth century Indian art.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"67 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41839448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/22308075221083711
Sangeeta Kumari
Delhi has been the seat of power for long. The British made their centre of power in Calcutta for sometimes for strategic reasons perhaps but soon they realised the importance of Delhi as the centre of power and thus, shifted the British capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. This change brought with it many changes in all aspects of lives for the people of Delhi. This also meant changes in administration and education system of Delhi. Like all other parts of India Delhi too had its own system of education but the new scenario necessitated further expansion and development of education. The philanthropists, individuals, the Christian missionaries and the Colonial government responded to this new situation with various frames of interests and motivation. In Delhi Arya Samajists and Sanatanis played an important role in the development of education for all in general and for girls’ in particular. The British government set up the education board to meet the rising needs of education not only of native population but also for the children of the government employees.
{"title":"Institutions for Women’s Education in Delhi (1900–1920): Philanthropists, Missionaries and the Government","authors":"Sangeeta Kumari","doi":"10.1177/22308075221083711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221083711","url":null,"abstract":"Delhi has been the seat of power for long. The British made their centre of power in Calcutta for sometimes for strategic reasons perhaps but soon they realised the importance of Delhi as the centre of power and thus, shifted the British capital from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911. This change brought with it many changes in all aspects of lives for the people of Delhi. This also meant changes in administration and education system of Delhi. Like all other parts of India Delhi too had its own system of education but the new scenario necessitated further expansion and development of education. The philanthropists, individuals, the Christian missionaries and the Colonial government responded to this new situation with various frames of interests and motivation. In Delhi Arya Samajists and Sanatanis played an important role in the development of education for all in general and for girls’ in particular. The British government set up the education board to meet the rising needs of education not only of native population but also for the children of the government employees.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"27 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41336198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/22308075221083710
V. Bijukumar
The ethnic political actions of multiple agencies like youth, students and women evoke mixed responses in the politics of the North-East India. While some actions like fight against drug addiction, HIV/AIDs and initiatives for building peace are commendable, the extreme forms of ethnic vigilantism and demands for ethnic homeland by constructing ethnic boundaries create strained relations among various communities. Moreover, their belligerent actions often put the state and its institutions in doldrums. Of all these three agencies, however, the actions of women often go beyond addressing issues affecting various ethnic communities, thereby creating an ethnic solidarity in the region.
{"title":"Ethnicity and Political Action in North-East India: Agency, Mobilisation and Community Relationship","authors":"V. Bijukumar","doi":"10.1177/22308075221083710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22308075221083710","url":null,"abstract":"The ethnic political actions of multiple agencies like youth, students and women evoke mixed responses in the politics of the North-East India. While some actions like fight against drug addiction, HIV/AIDs and initiatives for building peace are commendable, the extreme forms of ethnic vigilantism and demands for ethnic homeland by constructing ethnic boundaries create strained relations among various communities. Moreover, their belligerent actions often put the state and its institutions in doldrums. Of all these three agencies, however, the actions of women often go beyond addressing issues affecting various ethnic communities, thereby creating an ethnic solidarity in the region.","PeriodicalId":41287,"journal":{"name":"History and Sociology of South Asia","volume":"16 1","pages":"7 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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