Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-197-207
N. Gadzhiev, S. Konovalenko, M. Trofimov, N. Rozhkova, A. M. Saipullaev
Aim. To study the impact of the Green Deal of Russia program on the development of the country's economy, to analyze the main problems and prospects for its implementation in the medium and long term.Methods. The study was conducted using theoretical system analysis, induction, deduction, comparative‐descriptive analysis, general scientific method of accounting.Results. Currently, the most dynamically developing countries of the world are looking for ways to ensure the establishment and development of a green economy and the conservation of existing biodiversity in ecosystems. The Russian Green Deal project is a large‐scale concept for the development of the country until 2050 with an emphasis on decarbonizing the economy and restoring the environment. The authors made an attempt to answer the question, what are the prospects for the implementation of the "Green Course of Russia" program in the country. The implementation of the strategic initiatives of the "Green Deal of Russia", according to the study, will require significant both current and investment costs. The authors concluded that it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational, rule‐making, administrative and managerial measures on the part of the state and society aimed at structural modernization of the entire socio‐economic system of the country.Conclusion. The need to implement the main provisions of the "Green Deal for Russia" program is beyond doubt, as the whole world is facing serious global environmental challenges that can destroy humanity itself. At the same time, the issue of readiness for the structural modernization of the Russian economy through the transition to the development of clean energy, energy efficiency, and the development of a cyclical economy remains open and uncertain.
{"title":"The modern green course of Russia: problems and prospects of implementation","authors":"N. Gadzhiev, S. Konovalenko, M. Trofimov, N. Rozhkova, A. M. Saipullaev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-197-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-197-207","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the impact of the Green Deal of Russia program on the development of the country's economy, to analyze the main problems and prospects for its implementation in the medium and long term.Methods. The study was conducted using theoretical system analysis, induction, deduction, comparative‐descriptive analysis, general scientific method of accounting.Results. Currently, the most dynamically developing countries of the world are looking for ways to ensure the establishment and development of a green economy and the conservation of existing biodiversity in ecosystems. The Russian Green Deal project is a large‐scale concept for the development of the country until 2050 with an emphasis on decarbonizing the economy and restoring the environment. The authors made an attempt to answer the question, what are the prospects for the implementation of the \"Green Course of Russia\" program in the country. The implementation of the strategic initiatives of the \"Green Deal of Russia\", according to the study, will require significant both current and investment costs. The authors concluded that it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational, rule‐making, administrative and managerial measures on the part of the state and society aimed at structural modernization of the entire socio‐economic system of the country.Conclusion. The need to implement the main provisions of the \"Green Deal for Russia\" program is beyond doubt, as the whole world is facing serious global environmental challenges that can destroy humanity itself. At the same time, the issue of readiness for the structural modernization of the Russian economy through the transition to the development of clean energy, energy efficiency, and the development of a cyclical economy remains open and uncertain.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74985760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-112-124
S. Vostokov, L. Pautova, I. V. Saling, A. S. Vostokova, D. A. Ustarbekova, E. Lobachev, B. Abtahi, M. Shojaei
Aim. Analysis of changes in quantitative and structural indicators of phytoplankton in the western and central part of the middle Caspian Sea over the past decades, including according to remote sensing data.Material and Methods. The data was obtained in 2004–2008 and 2019–2022 at different seasons of the year at 40 stations in the central and western part of the middle Caspian Sea. Phytoplankton samples were taken from 4–6 layers. A total of 300 samples of phytoplankton were analyzed. Determination of species and counting of the number of cells was carried out under the “Ergaval” light microscope. WoRMS guided matters of nomenclature.Results. The spring phytoplankton is dominated by the species traditional for the Caspian Sea – Cyclotella caspia diatoms and Prorocetrum micans dinoflagellates. The maximum abundance of C. caspia (5.0 x 104 cell/l) was recorded at depths of 35–40 m. In summer, the maximum phytoplankton biomass (2.2 g/m3) was noted in the seasonal thermocline and was formed due to small flagellates and dinoflagellates. Phytoplankton biomass during winter blooms reached 4.5–5.0 g/m3 and was determined by the development of diatoms (up to 96–99%). Winter blooms were formed by the diatom species traditional for the sea, as well as by the Pseudo‐nitschia seriata and Cerataulina pelagica species.Conclusion. It is shown that in the middle Caspian Sea, the winter and autumn seasons are characterized by a highly productive status. In January–February, periodic blooms of diatoms are observed, as confirmed by satellite data and in situ observations. In summer, phytoplankton biomass is determined by the mass development of dinoflagellates in the seasonal thermocline layer, which has not been recorded by remote methods. In the autumn phytoplankton the main role is played by the diatom component, represented mainly by alien species.
{"title":"Phytoplankton of the middle Caspian Sea: analysis of changes in the structure of the community over the past decades","authors":"S. Vostokov, L. Pautova, I. V. Saling, A. S. Vostokova, D. A. Ustarbekova, E. Lobachev, B. Abtahi, M. Shojaei","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-112-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-112-124","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Analysis of changes in quantitative and structural indicators of phytoplankton in the western and central part of the middle Caspian Sea over the past decades, including according to remote sensing data.Material and Methods. The data was obtained in 2004–2008 and 2019–2022 at different seasons of the year at 40 stations in the central and western part of the middle Caspian Sea. Phytoplankton samples were taken from 4–6 layers. A total of 300 samples of phytoplankton were analyzed. Determination of species and counting of the number of cells was carried out under the “Ergaval” light microscope. WoRMS guided matters of nomenclature.Results. The spring phytoplankton is dominated by the species traditional for the Caspian Sea – Cyclotella caspia diatoms and Prorocetrum micans dinoflagellates. The maximum abundance of C. caspia (5.0 x 104 cell/l) was recorded at depths of 35–40 m. In summer, the maximum phytoplankton biomass (2.2 g/m3) was noted in the seasonal thermocline and was formed due to small flagellates and dinoflagellates. Phytoplankton biomass during winter blooms reached 4.5–5.0 g/m3 and was determined by the development of diatoms (up to 96–99%). Winter blooms were formed by the diatom species traditional for the sea, as well as by the Pseudo‐nitschia seriata and Cerataulina pelagica species.Conclusion. It is shown that in the middle Caspian Sea, the winter and autumn seasons are characterized by a highly productive status. In January–February, periodic blooms of diatoms are observed, as confirmed by satellite data and in situ observations. In summer, phytoplankton biomass is determined by the mass development of dinoflagellates in the seasonal thermocline layer, which has not been recorded by remote methods. In the autumn phytoplankton the main role is played by the diatom component, represented mainly by alien species.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85556854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-54-62
J. Gamidova, A. Rabadanova
Aim. To study the effect of different pH values on the characteristics of the embryonic and larval development of Rana macrocnemis.Material and methods. Fragments from 6–7 clutches of R. macrocnemis collected on the territory of Foothill Dagestan were used in the work. The experiment included two series of experiments: in the 1st series, the entire cycle of embryonic‐larval development of the R. macrocnemis frog was studied, and in the 2nd, only the postembryonic development of R. macrocnemis was studied. Eggs were individually placed in containers with different pH values (4.0, 5.0, and 9.0).Results. The most vulnerable periods in the development of R. macrocnemis are the stages of neurula, limb formation, and metamorphosis. At pH 4.0, oxygen consumption by larvae decreases, accompanied by suppression of feeding behavior and a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes. In addition, pH 4.0 has a negative effect on the survival of embryos and larvae. At pH 5.0, changes are noted that are mainly of an adaptive nature. Against the background of the accelerated development of embryos at these pH values, a significant decrease in the length and weight of their body is noted. With the transition to larval development, an increase in body size is observed against the background of a small increase in weight. An elongation of the duration of the period from the beginning of the formation of limbs to the end of metamorphosis was also noted.Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in monitoring the level of acidity of the environment and the oxygen content in natural water bodies during the spawning period, which will help clarify the issue of the reduction in the number of R. macrocnemis frogs in Dagestan.
{"title":"The effect of pH on embryonal and larval development of the Caucasian Brown Frog, Rana macrocnemis","authors":"J. Gamidova, A. Rabadanova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the effect of different pH values on the characteristics of the embryonic and larval development of Rana macrocnemis.Material and methods. Fragments from 6–7 clutches of R. macrocnemis collected on the territory of Foothill Dagestan were used in the work. The experiment included two series of experiments: in the 1st series, the entire cycle of embryonic‐larval development of the R. macrocnemis frog was studied, and in the 2nd, only the postembryonic development of R. macrocnemis was studied. Eggs were individually placed in containers with different pH values (4.0, 5.0, and 9.0).Results. The most vulnerable periods in the development of R. macrocnemis are the stages of neurula, limb formation, and metamorphosis. At pH 4.0, oxygen consumption by larvae decreases, accompanied by suppression of feeding behavior and a decrease in the intensity of metabolic processes. In addition, pH 4.0 has a negative effect on the survival of embryos and larvae. At pH 5.0, changes are noted that are mainly of an adaptive nature. Against the background of the accelerated development of embryos at these pH values, a significant decrease in the length and weight of their body is noted. With the transition to larval development, an increase in body size is observed against the background of a small increase in weight. An elongation of the duration of the period from the beginning of the formation of limbs to the end of metamorphosis was also noted.Conclusion. The data obtained can be used in monitoring the level of acidity of the environment and the oxygen content in natural water bodies during the spawning period, which will help clarify the issue of the reduction in the number of R. macrocnemis frogs in Dagestan.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77974331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-35-53
Z. A. Fedotova, G. M. Nakhibasheva, G. Mukhtarova, A. G. Gasangadzhieva
Aim. Based on original and bibliographic data, to compile a review of the fauna of gall midges in Dagestan, Russia, including information about host plants, gall formation, life cycles and distribution.Materials and Methods. The basis for the work were materials collected in the flat and mountainous parts of Dagestan. Standard methods were used: inspection of the plants, search and mass collection of galls and damage to plants in which larvae develop; rearing imago; making permanent preparations of larvae and adults.Results. For the first time, an overview of the gall midges of Dagestan is offered. 67 species of gall midges of 41 genera were identified, of which 39 species are new to Dagestan, including 13 species new to the Caucasus: Asphondylia hornigi Wachtl, 1880, A. menthae Kieffer, 1902, A. salviaflorae Fedotova, 2003, Lasioptera eryngii (Vallot, 1829), Rosomyia spiraeae Fedotova, 1987, Dracunculomyia saissanica Fedotova, 1999, Dasineura plicatrix (Loew, 1850), D. sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803), D. trifolii (Löw, 1874), D. tamaricicarpa Fedotova, 1983, Asiodiplosis hodukini Marikovskij, 1965, A. petrosimoniae (Fedotova, 1994), Seriphidomyia butakovi Fedotova, 2000. Of these the last 4 are new to Russia. Phytophage gall midges (64 species of 36 genera) were found on plants belonging to 23 families, 46 genera and 56 species. Of the 36 genera of gall midges, 28 (77.8%) are plant‐specific to plant families, including 9 out of 28 (32.1%) monotypic. The fauna is based on the Western Palearctic and Turanian species.Conclusion. A preliminary review of gall midges in Dagestan in comparison with data on adjacent territories, indicates a very poor study of gall midges in general. Identification of the species diversity and trophic relationships of gall midges which develop on adventitious, invasive and economically important plants of the Caucasus is relevant both for protected natural areas and recreational areas.
{"title":"Phytophagous gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) of Dagestan: fauna, biology and distribution","authors":"Z. A. Fedotova, G. M. Nakhibasheva, G. Mukhtarova, A. G. Gasangadzhieva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-35-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-35-53","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Based on original and bibliographic data, to compile a review of the fauna of gall midges in Dagestan, Russia, including information about host plants, gall formation, life cycles and distribution.Materials and Methods. The basis for the work were materials collected in the flat and mountainous parts of Dagestan. Standard methods were used: inspection of the plants, search and mass collection of galls and damage to plants in which larvae develop; rearing imago; making permanent preparations of larvae and adults.Results. For the first time, an overview of the gall midges of Dagestan is offered. 67 species of gall midges of 41 genera were identified, of which 39 species are new to Dagestan, including 13 species new to the Caucasus: Asphondylia hornigi Wachtl, 1880, A. menthae Kieffer, 1902, A. salviaflorae Fedotova, 2003, Lasioptera eryngii (Vallot, 1829), Rosomyia spiraeae Fedotova, 1987, Dracunculomyia saissanica Fedotova, 1999, Dasineura plicatrix (Loew, 1850), D. sisymbrii (Schrank, 1803), D. trifolii (Löw, 1874), D. tamaricicarpa Fedotova, 1983, Asiodiplosis hodukini Marikovskij, 1965, A. petrosimoniae (Fedotova, 1994), Seriphidomyia butakovi Fedotova, 2000. Of these the last 4 are new to Russia. Phytophage gall midges (64 species of 36 genera) were found on plants belonging to 23 families, 46 genera and 56 species. Of the 36 genera of gall midges, 28 (77.8%) are plant‐specific to plant families, including 9 out of 28 (32.1%) monotypic. The fauna is based on the Western Palearctic and Turanian species.Conclusion. A preliminary review of gall midges in Dagestan in comparison with data on adjacent territories, indicates a very poor study of gall midges in general. Identification of the species diversity and trophic relationships of gall midges which develop on adventitious, invasive and economically important plants of the Caucasus is relevant both for protected natural areas and recreational areas.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85604851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-93-100
L. Bugaeva, E. Kashutina, T. N. Ignateva
Aim. To study the possibility of using cryptolemus in an integrated system for combating the Australian grooved worm in the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea.Material and Methods. The population of Icerya purchasi Mackall on plants was determined during regular surveys of agrobiocenoses by counting the number of pest individuals per unit area. The biological effectiveness of cryptolemus from the unique scientific installation «State collection of living entomoacariphages and entomopathogens» in relation to the Australian grooved worm on pittosporum in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea was studied in the following variants: beetle release, larval release and joint release of imago and predator larvae. The possibility of joint use of bioagent and pesticides was studied in the laboratory according to generally accepted methods.Results. It was established that the biological efficacy of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. in relation to Icerya purchasi Mackall in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea amounted to 50–75% and the possibility of joint use of an entomophage with a number of pesticides is also shown.Conclusion. The potential possibility of controlling the pest population with a bioagent, without the use of chemical means of protection, which is especially important in the conditions of a resort area, has been experimentally proven.
{"title":"Cryptolemus in the integrated fight against the Australian Grooved Worm (Icerya purchasi Mackall)","authors":"L. Bugaeva, E. Kashutina, T. N. Ignateva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-93-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-93-100","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the possibility of using cryptolemus in an integrated system for combating the Australian grooved worm in the conditions of the southern coast of Crimea.Material and Methods. The population of Icerya purchasi Mackall on plants was determined during regular surveys of agrobiocenoses by counting the number of pest individuals per unit area. The biological effectiveness of cryptolemus from the unique scientific installation «State collection of living entomoacariphages and entomopathogens» in relation to the Australian grooved worm on pittosporum in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea was studied in the following variants: beetle release, larval release and joint release of imago and predator larvae. The possibility of joint use of bioagent and pesticides was studied in the laboratory according to generally accepted methods.Results. It was established that the biological efficacy of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. in relation to Icerya purchasi Mackall in the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea amounted to 50–75% and the possibility of joint use of an entomophage with a number of pesticides is also shown.Conclusion. The potential possibility of controlling the pest population with a bioagent, without the use of chemical means of protection, which is especially important in the conditions of a resort area, has been experimentally proven.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84584418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-175-186
A. Churikova, S. Nekoval'
Aim. Analysis of modern studies on the effectiveness of fungi and antagonist bacteria against Meloidogyne root‐knot nematodes on vegetable crops.Materials and Methods. Studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the use of biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables have been carefully analysed.Results. The harmfulness of gall nematodes on vegetable crops is described. Studies on the most pathogenic species of Meloidogyne, including those common in Russia, are summarised. Information is given regarding features of the relationship between the host plant and phytoparasites are highlighted. An analysis of the range of chemical and biological nematicides is presented. The problem of the lack of effective environmentally friendly products able to control root‐knot nematodes on vegetables, including the prospect of using biological agents, has been identified. The features of ongoing research on the study of the nematicidal activity of biological agents and their metabolites to control various stages of development of Meloidogyne species have been collected, analysed, systematised and described. The prospect of studying the mechanisms of action of microorganisms against root‐knot nematodes is substantiated in order to create new effective biological nematicides that allow the growth of high‐quality and healthy vegetable products.Conclusion. Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) remain a current pest of soil‐grown vegetables. Scientists are actively working on the study of nematophagous fungi and antagonist bacteria to create environmentally friendly biological nematicides. With proper use, biological agents and their metabolites can help protect plants from phytoparasites at the level of chemical nematicides and have an additional beneficial effect on the growth and development of vegetable crops.
{"title":"Biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables (review)","authors":"A. Churikova, S. Nekoval'","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-175-186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-175-186","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Analysis of modern studies on the effectiveness of fungi and antagonist bacteria against Meloidogyne root‐knot nematodes on vegetable crops.Materials and Methods. Studies of Russian and foreign scientists on the use of biological agents and their metabolites to control Meloidogyne spp. when growing vegetables have been carefully analysed.Results. The harmfulness of gall nematodes on vegetable crops is described. Studies on the most pathogenic species of Meloidogyne, including those common in Russia, are summarised. Information is given regarding features of the relationship between the host plant and phytoparasites are highlighted. An analysis of the range of chemical and biological nematicides is presented. The problem of the lack of effective environmentally friendly products able to control root‐knot nematodes on vegetables, including the prospect of using biological agents, has been identified. The features of ongoing research on the study of the nematicidal activity of biological agents and their metabolites to control various stages of development of Meloidogyne species have been collected, analysed, systematised and described. The prospect of studying the mechanisms of action of microorganisms against root‐knot nematodes is substantiated in order to create new effective biological nematicides that allow the growth of high‐quality and healthy vegetable products.Conclusion. Gall nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) remain a current pest of soil‐grown vegetables. Scientists are actively working on the study of nematophagous fungi and antagonist bacteria to create environmentally friendly biological nematicides. With proper use, biological agents and their metabolites can help protect plants from phytoparasites at the level of chemical nematicides and have an additional beneficial effect on the growth and development of vegetable crops. ","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86594108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-153-162
Yu. I. Ermakova, B. Kochurov
Aim. A comprehensive analysis of the development of the living environment of the city of Khabarovsk, Russia.Discussion. The article discusses the stages of the formation of the city of Khabarovsk under the conditions of the mutual influence of natural landscape, historical and town planning factors. The territory of Khabarovsk exists under the influence of a number of interacting factors, the combination of which determines the low quality of life of the population. These factors ensure the uniqueness of the territory, which often fulfill a compensatory role, but also determine the ecological vulnerability of the city and limit its development. In the category of natural landscape factors there are 4 principal impacts: Khabarovsk is associated with an intermountain depression, which contributes to atmospheric pollution stagnation and the domination of the Siberian anticyclone during the cold season, which creates unfavourable conditions for the dispersion of harmful impurities in the atmosphere; potential exposure to flooding; and potential fire hazard. The main historical factor in the development of Khabarovsk is the inclusion of the Far East in the space of Russia and the awareness of its geostrategic importance. However, the development of the region has always been accompanied by difficulties due to remoteness and vicinity to China. For all urban systems there are specific general urban development factors. Their influence is unevenly traced at different stages of the formation of Khabarovsk’s territory, at times fixing errors in the layout of the city, and at others reducing the comfort of the environment. Only at the present stage is a balance of factors taking shape that sets the prospects for the comprehensive improvement of the population’s living space.Conclusion. Sustainability of Khabarovsk development is possible under the condition of creating a viable model of advanced economic development of the Far East.
{"title":"Natural landscape, historical and town‐planning factors of Khabarovsk development","authors":"Yu. I. Ermakova, B. Kochurov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-153-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-153-162","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. A comprehensive analysis of the development of the living environment of the city of Khabarovsk, Russia.Discussion. The article discusses the stages of the formation of the city of Khabarovsk under the conditions of the mutual influence of natural landscape, historical and town planning factors. The territory of Khabarovsk exists under the influence of a number of interacting factors, the combination of which determines the low quality of life of the population. These factors ensure the uniqueness of the territory, which often fulfill a compensatory role, but also determine the ecological vulnerability of the city and limit its development. In the category of natural landscape factors there are 4 principal impacts: Khabarovsk is associated with an intermountain depression, which contributes to atmospheric pollution stagnation and the domination of the Siberian anticyclone during the cold season, which creates unfavourable conditions for the dispersion of harmful impurities in the atmosphere; potential exposure to flooding; and potential fire hazard. The main historical factor in the development of Khabarovsk is the inclusion of the Far East in the space of Russia and the awareness of its geostrategic importance. However, the development of the region has always been accompanied by difficulties due to remoteness and vicinity to China. For all urban systems there are specific general urban development factors. Their influence is unevenly traced at different stages of the formation of Khabarovsk’s territory, at times fixing errors in the layout of the city, and at others reducing the comfort of the environment. Only at the present stage is a balance of factors taking shape that sets the prospects for the comprehensive improvement of the population’s living space.Conclusion. Sustainability of Khabarovsk development is possible under the condition of creating a viable model of advanced economic development of the Far East.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88162484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-187-196
A. Mezhevova, A. Belyaev
Aim. The aim of research is to determine the suitability and fertilizing value of fertilizers‐ameliorant, as well as to assess the degree of their contamination with heavy metals; approbation of fertilizers‐ameliorants in various conditions in the cultivation of agricultural crops.Material and Methodology. The main agrochemical parameters of sewage sludge and the chemical composition of glauconite were studied by analytical methods in laboratory conditions. The content of heavy metal cations in the sewage sludge was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The object of research in the first experiment is seed potatoes (variety Arosa); in the second experiment – safflower (variety Alexandrite).Results. Studies of the physico‐chemical parameters of the processed sewage sludge have been carried out. It has been established that the composition of the sediment is an effective organic fertilizer. The content of heavy metals in sewage sludge does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. It has been determined that silica is the basis of glauconite, and it also contains phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizers. It has been proven that the use of sewage sludge as an independent fertilizer, as well as in combination with glauconite, has significantly increased the yield of seed potatoes and safflower.Conclusion. The use of non‐traditional ameliorant fertilizers is advisable along with the use of classical mineral fertilizers, as they allow increasing the yield of some agricultural crops, as well as achieving savings in irrigation water.
{"title":"Non‐traditional elements of the technology of agricultural crop cultivation using fertilizers‐ameliorants","authors":"A. Mezhevova, A. Belyaev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-187-196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-187-196","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of research is to determine the suitability and fertilizing value of fertilizers‐ameliorant, as well as to assess the degree of their contamination with heavy metals; approbation of fertilizers‐ameliorants in various conditions in the cultivation of agricultural crops.Material and Methodology. The main agrochemical parameters of sewage sludge and the chemical composition of glauconite were studied by analytical methods in laboratory conditions. The content of heavy metal cations in the sewage sludge was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The object of research in the first experiment is seed potatoes (variety Arosa); in the second experiment – safflower (variety Alexandrite).Results. Studies of the physico‐chemical parameters of the processed sewage sludge have been carried out. It has been established that the composition of the sediment is an effective organic fertilizer. The content of heavy metals in sewage sludge does not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations. It has been determined that silica is the basis of glauconite, and it also contains phosphorus, potassium and magnesium fertilizers. It has been proven that the use of sewage sludge as an independent fertilizer, as well as in combination with glauconite, has significantly increased the yield of seed potatoes and safflower.Conclusion. The use of non‐traditional ameliorant fertilizers is advisable along with the use of classical mineral fertilizers, as they allow increasing the yield of some agricultural crops, as well as achieving savings in irrigation water.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86492729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-09DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-78-84
A. A. Ozdemirov, A. Surov, E. Surzhikova, A. Khozhokov, Z. K. Gadzhiev, D. Evlagina, E. M. Alieva, R. A. Akaeva
Aim. One of the important tasks in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of sheep breeding is the rational use of fodder lands in the North Caucasus and the South of Russia, a significant part of which is located in different natural and climatic conditions. The complexity of solutions lies in insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of farm animals, in particular sheep, to the ecological and geographical features of these regions. The purpose of this research was to study the genetic polymorphism of genes, the degree of genetic variability and immune status in sheep of different breeds, since genetic polymorphism is a measure of its adaptability and the hematopoietic function of blood is the basis of the life of the organism.Material and Methods. The genetic structure of the GH/Hae III, GDF9/AsplEI genes and immune status, was studied by the methods of genetic‐statistical and immune analysis in sheep of different breeds kept in different climatic zones of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.Results. As a result of DNA genotyping of the studied samples of sheep of different breeds, it was found that polymorphism of GH/HaeIII, GDF9/AsplEI genes is represented by three genotype variants: homozygous GH/HaeIIIАА, GH/HaeIIIВВ; GDF9/AsplEIАА, GDF9/AsplEIGG; heterozygous GH/HaeIIIAB; GDF9/AsplEIAG and two alleles: A and B – of the GH/HaeIII gene; A and G – GDF9/AsplEI gene with different frequency of occurrence, respectively.Conclusion. For the first time, genetic variability has been studied in the context of the immune status of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory. The information obtained about the role of the degree of genetic variability and the immune status of sheep of different breeds is answered in the formation of adaptive‐compensatory mechanisms to specific conditions of the breeding environment. A deeper study of the adaptive characteristics of sheep of different breeds for their further improvement allows the use of molecular genetic and hematological methods.
{"title":"Polymorphism of GH/HaeIII and GDF9/AsplEI genes, genetic variation and association of their genotypes with immune status in sheep of different breeds ranched in different natural and geographic areas","authors":"A. A. Ozdemirov, A. Surov, E. Surzhikova, A. Khozhokov, Z. K. Gadzhiev, D. Evlagina, E. M. Alieva, R. A. Akaeva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-78-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-78-84","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. One of the important tasks in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of sheep breeding is the rational use of fodder lands in the North Caucasus and the South of Russia, a significant part of which is located in different natural and climatic conditions. The complexity of solutions lies in insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of farm animals, in particular sheep, to the ecological and geographical features of these regions. The purpose of this research was to study the genetic polymorphism of genes, the degree of genetic variability and immune status in sheep of different breeds, since genetic polymorphism is a measure of its adaptability and the hematopoietic function of blood is the basis of the life of the organism.Material and Methods. The genetic structure of the GH/Hae III, GDF9/AsplEI genes and immune status, was studied by the methods of genetic‐statistical and immune analysis in sheep of different breeds kept in different climatic zones of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.Results. As a result of DNA genotyping of the studied samples of sheep of different breeds, it was found that polymorphism of GH/HaeIII, GDF9/AsplEI genes is represented by three genotype variants: homozygous GH/HaeIIIАА, GH/HaeIIIВВ; GDF9/AsplEIАА, GDF9/AsplEIGG; heterozygous GH/HaeIIIAB; GDF9/AsplEIAG and two alleles: A and B – of the GH/HaeIII gene; A and G – GDF9/AsplEI gene with different frequency of occurrence, respectively.Conclusion. For the first time, genetic variability has been studied in the context of the immune status of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory. The information obtained about the role of the degree of genetic variability and the immune status of sheep of different breeds is answered in the formation of adaptive‐compensatory mechanisms to specific conditions of the breeding environment. A deeper study of the adaptive characteristics of sheep of different breeds for their further improvement allows the use of molecular genetic and hematological methods.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76195059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-07DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-6-15
L. Vasilyeva, N. I. Rabazanov
Aim. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of artificial reproduction of the Caspian sturgeon and to identify the problems of reducing efficiency and ways to solve them.Discussion. The current critical state of the Caspian sturgeon, which accounts for up to 90% of the world's related resources, is of concern to the entire community, due to the threat of extinction of these relic individuals on the planet. This can be prevented by increasing the efficiency of reproduction. However, natural reproduction is practically reduced to zero, so the real and only possible solution is artificial reproduction. This analytical review presents five tasks, the successful solution of which will improve the current state of artificial reproduction in the Volga‐Caspian basin. The main task is the provision of fish breeding processes with producers, which, in the absence of fish of natural generation, are derived from brood stocks. Of particular concern is the threatened state of the Caspian beluga and stellate sturgeon. It is necessary to increase the release of their juveniles, for which financial stimulation of this activity is necessary. It is necessary to move more actively to the release of juveniles of an enlarged (7‐10 g) size and their export to feeding places in the waters of the Northern Caspian, which will contribute to an increase in fishing return.Conclusion. It is necessary to increase funding for research into the reproductive function of females and for artificial generation, as well as for the maintenance of production herds – a golden fund for restoring natural reserves. The attention of all the Caspian states should be drawn to the intensification of activities for the artificial reproduction of these unique fish species in the Caspian basin.
{"title":"Modern problems of artificial reproduction of sturgeon in the Volga‐Caspian basin","authors":"L. Vasilyeva, N. I. Rabazanov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-6-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-6-15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of artificial reproduction of the Caspian sturgeon and to identify the problems of reducing efficiency and ways to solve them.Discussion. The current critical state of the Caspian sturgeon, which accounts for up to 90% of the world's related resources, is of concern to the entire community, due to the threat of extinction of these relic individuals on the planet. This can be prevented by increasing the efficiency of reproduction. However, natural reproduction is practically reduced to zero, so the real and only possible solution is artificial reproduction. This analytical review presents five tasks, the successful solution of which will improve the current state of artificial reproduction in the Volga‐Caspian basin. The main task is the provision of fish breeding processes with producers, which, in the absence of fish of natural generation, are derived from brood stocks. Of particular concern is the threatened state of the Caspian beluga and stellate sturgeon. It is necessary to increase the release of their juveniles, for which financial stimulation of this activity is necessary. It is necessary to move more actively to the release of juveniles of an enlarged (7‐10 g) size and their export to feeding places in the waters of the Northern Caspian, which will contribute to an increase in fishing return.Conclusion. It is necessary to increase funding for research into the reproductive function of females and for artificial generation, as well as for the maintenance of production herds – a golden fund for restoring natural reserves. The attention of all the Caspian states should be drawn to the intensification of activities for the artificial reproduction of these unique fish species in the Caspian basin.","PeriodicalId":41300,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia-Ecology Development","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73280391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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