Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1654354
Kevin T. Wolff, Laura M. Baber, Christine A. Dozier, Roberto Cordeiro
Abstract Though alternatives to incarceration (ATI) courts have existed in the state system for 30 years, such courts are a relatively new phenomena at the federal level. We assess the impact of participation in an ATI program on a number of outcomes using a quasi-experimental matching design. Results suggest that defendants who successfully completed an ATI program were employed a greater percentage of the days, and received favorable case dispositions and less severe sentences.
{"title":"Assessing the Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration within Seven Federal Districts","authors":"Kevin T. Wolff, Laura M. Baber, Christine A. Dozier, Roberto Cordeiro","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1654354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1654354","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Though alternatives to incarceration (ATI) courts have existed in the state system for 30 years, such courts are a relatively new phenomena at the federal level. We assess the impact of participation in an ATI program on a number of outcomes using a quasi-experimental matching design. Results suggest that defendants who successfully completed an ATI program were employed a greater percentage of the days, and received favorable case dispositions and less severe sentences.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"118 1","pages":"27 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74917936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1689152
N. Hipple, Beth m. Huebner, Theodore S. Lentz, E. McGarrell, Mallory E. O’Brien
Abstract Using law enforcement data from four Midwest communities, we document the similarities and differences between criminal nonfatal and fatal shooting incidents, including the spatial dimensions of the events. We present a definition for a nonfatal shooting incident that guides our victim and incident characteristic comparisons. Our work suggests that law enforcement agencies should build capacity for standardized data collection surrounding gun violence to include nonfatal shootings especially for use in evaluations of gun violence prevention strategies.
{"title":"The Case for Studying Criminal Nonfatal Shootings: Evidence from Four Midwest Cities","authors":"N. Hipple, Beth m. Huebner, Theodore S. Lentz, E. McGarrell, Mallory E. O’Brien","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1689152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1689152","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using law enforcement data from four Midwest communities, we document the similarities and differences between criminal nonfatal and fatal shooting incidents, including the spatial dimensions of the events. We present a definition for a nonfatal shooting incident that guides our victim and incident characteristic comparisons. Our work suggests that law enforcement agencies should build capacity for standardized data collection surrounding gun violence to include nonfatal shootings especially for use in evaluations of gun violence prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"113 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83649606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1679009
K. Kaiser
Abstract Variations of problem-solving court programs have been created to address a wide variety of offense-related problems, such as drug addiction, mental health, domestic violence, homelessness, and many others. Yet there is little knowledge as to whether this model is equally effective across these many versions of the model. This study uses data from the 2012 Census of Problem-Solving Courts to assess whether there is variation in the proportion of successful program completions across program types. Additionally, this study examined what program-level characteristics are associated with increased successful program completions. The findings of this study suggest that, while there is some variation in program success across program types, there is also substantial variation within types of programs. That is, not one type of problem-solving court program is more effective than any other. The results of this study also found that the programs that offer a larger variety of services are likely to have higher levels of successful program completions. Future research should follow these preliminary findings by examining variations in other outcomes measures of success.
{"title":"An Evaluation of Successful Program Completions across Types of Problem-Solving Courts","authors":"K. Kaiser","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1679009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1679009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Variations of problem-solving court programs have been created to address a wide variety of offense-related problems, such as drug addiction, mental health, domestic violence, homelessness, and many others. Yet there is little knowledge as to whether this model is equally effective across these many versions of the model. This study uses data from the 2012 Census of Problem-Solving Courts to assess whether there is variation in the proportion of successful program completions across program types. Additionally, this study examined what program-level characteristics are associated with increased successful program completions. The findings of this study suggest that, while there is some variation in program success across program types, there is also substantial variation within types of programs. That is, not one type of problem-solving court program is more effective than any other. The results of this study also found that the programs that offer a larger variety of services are likely to have higher levels of successful program completions. Future research should follow these preliminary findings by examining variations in other outcomes measures of success.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"54 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87772987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1691934
Nathan T. Connealy, Eric L. Piza, D. Hatten
Abstract The study analyzed the criminogenic effect of legalizing recreational marijuana dispensaries in Denver. Street segments with recreational dispensaries experienced no changes in violent, disorder and drug crime but did experience an 18% increase in property crime, and street segments adjacent to recreational dispensaries experienced some notable (but non-significant) drug and disorder crime increases. Medical dispensaries demonstrated no significant crime changes. A cost-benefit analysis found the associated crime costs were largely offset by sales revenue. Monetary benefits were much less pronounced, and barely cost effective, when only considering tax revenue.
{"title":"The Criminogenic Effect of Marijuana Dispensaries in Denver, Colorado: A Microsynthetic Control Quasi-Experiment and Cost-Benefit Analysis","authors":"Nathan T. Connealy, Eric L. Piza, D. Hatten","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1691934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1691934","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study analyzed the criminogenic effect of legalizing recreational marijuana dispensaries in Denver. Street segments with recreational dispensaries experienced no changes in violent, disorder and drug crime but did experience an 18% increase in property crime, and street segments adjacent to recreational dispensaries experienced some notable (but non-significant) drug and disorder crime increases. Medical dispensaries demonstrated no significant crime changes. A cost-benefit analysis found the associated crime costs were largely offset by sales revenue. Monetary benefits were much less pronounced, and barely cost effective, when only considering tax revenue.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"69 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78008729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1636614
Andrew J. Myer
Abstract No study to date has evaluated the predictive validity of the Static-99R on a sample of Native American sex offenders. This study provides such an investigation. Findings reveal the Static-99R demonstrates small predictive validity for new sexual recidivism charges (AUC = 0.599) at five years for all offenders. However, the predictive validity for the sample of Native American sex offenders reaches moderate predictive validity (AUC = 0.672) when examined separately. Additional metrics beyond area under the curve analyses are used to assess the three dimensions of predictive validity: accuracy, discrimination, and calibration. Implications of the findings are discussed.
{"title":"Examining the Predictive Validity of the Static-99R on Native American Sex Offenders","authors":"Andrew J. Myer","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1636614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1636614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract No study to date has evaluated the predictive validity of the Static-99R on a sample of Native American sex offenders. This study provides such an investigation. Findings reveal the Static-99R demonstrates small predictive validity for new sexual recidivism charges (AUC = 0.599) at five years for all offenders. However, the predictive validity for the sample of Native American sex offenders reaches moderate predictive validity (AUC = 0.672) when examined separately. Additional metrics beyond area under the curve analyses are used to assess the three dimensions of predictive validity: accuracy, discrimination, and calibration. Implications of the findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"181 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83624548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-25DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1629827
Alejandro Cid
Abstract Latin America is the only region in the world where lethal violence increased in the first decade of the 21st century, and its citizens identified crime and violence as their main concern. Though previous literature shows promising results of saturation policing on crimes, little rigorous evidence exists on the impact of these strategies on the cited region. I study the effects of the implementation of a special saturation policing operation in Uruguay, a Latin-American country that has experienced a huge increase in crime in the last decade. I employ a difference-in-difference approach exploiting the fact that the saturation operation was applied only in the capital of Uruguay due to restriction of resources. I find that the capital experienced a reduction between 20% and 30% in robberies in comparison with the control cities.
{"title":"Saturation Policing and Robberies: Quasi-Experimental Evidence about the Effect of Sudden and Quick Operations","authors":"Alejandro Cid","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1629827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1629827","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Latin America is the only region in the world where lethal violence increased in the first decade of the 21st century, and its citizens identified crime and violence as their main concern. Though previous literature shows promising results of saturation policing on crimes, little rigorous evidence exists on the impact of these strategies on the cited region. I study the effects of the implementation of a special saturation policing operation in Uruguay, a Latin-American country that has experienced a huge increase in crime in the last decade. I employ a difference-in-difference approach exploiting the fact that the saturation operation was applied only in the capital of Uruguay due to restriction of resources. I find that the capital experienced a reduction between 20% and 30% in robberies in comparison with the control cities.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"164 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79458485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-19DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1625717
Lois Weinberg, D. Herz, Jolan M. Smith, Kristine Chan
Abstract Alleged violations of disability laws regarding youth with developmental disabilities in juvenile detention led to a Settlement Agreement in I.T. v. Los Angeles County and subsequent reforms. Using multiple sources of data, this study shows high rates of compliance with screening timelines and the development of individual treatment and discharge plans. Multiagency staff found the reforms beneficial. Staff training proved not to have been adequate in some areas. The attorneys who negotiated the Agreement provided close oversight and monitoring.
{"title":"Reforming Juvenile Detention for Youth with Developmental Disabilities: I.T. v. Los Angeles County","authors":"Lois Weinberg, D. Herz, Jolan M. Smith, Kristine Chan","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1625717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1625717","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Alleged violations of disability laws regarding youth with developmental disabilities in juvenile detention led to a Settlement Agreement in I.T. v. Los Angeles County and subsequent reforms. Using multiple sources of data, this study shows high rates of compliance with screening timelines and the development of individual treatment and discharge plans. Multiagency staff found the reforms beneficial. Staff training proved not to have been adequate in some areas. The attorneys who negotiated the Agreement provided close oversight and monitoring.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"118 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83863062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-07DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1609334
D. Pyrooz, E. Weltman, J. Sánchez
Abstract There are over one million gang members in the United States, but effective practices and programs to facilitate disengagement from gangs are rare. This first aim of this article was to introduce the intervention strategy of the Gang Reduction Initiative of Denver (GRID), a public agency operating at the core of a network of partners seeking to reduce gang violence in Denver. GRID uses a multidisciplinary team approach with coordinated and individualized case management and street outreach workers to facilitate disengagement from gangs and desistance from crime. The second aim of this article was to report the results of a pilot project evaluation, which entailed baseline interviews with 57 clients and follow-up interviews with 20 clients. Reductions in gang status, gang embeddedness, and offending were observed, as well as positive client–outreach relationships. The final aim was to report the steps toward establishing a foundation to conduct a full-scale evaluation. Most responses to gangs are considered promising because they have not been subject to rigorous evaluation. GRID aims to stand in contrast to most of the current inventory of justice evaluations of gang interventions through a process and impact evaluation consisting of random assignment to treatment and control groups.
{"title":"Intervening in the Lives of Gang Members in Denver: A Pilot Evaluation of the Gang Reduction Initiative of Denver","authors":"D. Pyrooz, E. Weltman, J. Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1609334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1609334","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are over one million gang members in the United States, but effective practices and programs to facilitate disengagement from gangs are rare. This first aim of this article was to introduce the intervention strategy of the Gang Reduction Initiative of Denver (GRID), a public agency operating at the core of a network of partners seeking to reduce gang violence in Denver. GRID uses a multidisciplinary team approach with coordinated and individualized case management and street outreach workers to facilitate disengagement from gangs and desistance from crime. The second aim of this article was to report the results of a pilot project evaluation, which entailed baseline interviews with 57 clients and follow-up interviews with 20 clients. Reductions in gang status, gang embeddedness, and offending were observed, as well as positive client–outreach relationships. The final aim was to report the steps toward establishing a foundation to conduct a full-scale evaluation. Most responses to gangs are considered promising because they have not been subject to rigorous evaluation. GRID aims to stand in contrast to most of the current inventory of justice evaluations of gang interventions through a process and impact evaluation consisting of random assignment to treatment and control groups.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"69 1","pages":"139 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86136070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1569474
Murat Haner, F. Cullen, Cheryl Lero Jonson, A. L. Burton, T. C. Kulig
Abstract Shortly following the mass murders at a concert in Las Vegas, NV and at a church Sutherland Springs, TX, a national sample (n = 1,000) was surveyed in December 2017 regarding gun control policies. The study’s key finding is that two thirds of Americans rejected the view that these incidents were the “price of liberty,” advocating instead for efforts to ensure that such massacres should occur “never again.” A clear majority of the sample also rejected the idea that a gun was needed to repel the federal government’s threat to take away liberty and that a “good person” with a gun is the best way to stop a “bad person” with a gun. By contrast, high support was found for banning lethal firearms and bullets, for banning firearm ownership by risky people, and for most proposals seeking to regulate firearm ownership. Less support for these initiatives was found among males, the less educated, and gun owners as well as among those favoring the NRA, fearing government tyranny, and believing that carrying guns prevents murder. The results suggest that in the current context—which includes repeated mass murders—public opinion is conducive to reforms aimed at implementing common-sense gun safety regulations. The implications of likely policy reforms for justice evaluation are discussed.
{"title":"Price of Liberty or Never Again: Americans’ Views on Preventing Mass Murder","authors":"Murat Haner, F. Cullen, Cheryl Lero Jonson, A. L. Burton, T. C. Kulig","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1569474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1569474","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Shortly following the mass murders at a concert in Las Vegas, NV and at a church Sutherland Springs, TX, a national sample (n = 1,000) was surveyed in December 2017 regarding gun control policies. The study’s key finding is that two thirds of Americans rejected the view that these incidents were the “price of liberty,” advocating instead for efforts to ensure that such massacres should occur “never again.” A clear majority of the sample also rejected the idea that a gun was needed to repel the federal government’s threat to take away liberty and that a “good person” with a gun is the best way to stop a “bad person” with a gun. By contrast, high support was found for banning lethal firearms and bullets, for banning firearm ownership by risky people, and for most proposals seeking to regulate firearm ownership. Less support for these initiatives was found among males, the less educated, and gun owners as well as among those favoring the NRA, fearing government tyranny, and believing that carrying guns prevents murder. The results suggest that in the current context—which includes repeated mass murders—public opinion is conducive to reforms aimed at implementing common-sense gun safety regulations. The implications of likely policy reforms for justice evaluation are discussed.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"50 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86620228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1600381
M. Western
Abstract For at least 40 years, social and behavioral scientists have argued that their disciplines need to do more to help solve real world practical problems. But doing this has proved difficult. In this paper, I describe three success stories where social and behavioral sciences have contributed important solutions and draw out evidence-based lessons for policy-makers, practitioners, university researchers and others who want to promote social and behavioral science informed actionable solutions to real world problems.
{"title":"How to Increase the Relevance and Use of Social and Behavioral Science: Lessons for Policy-makers, Researchers and Others","authors":"M. Western","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2019.1600381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2019.1600381","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For at least 40 years, social and behavioral scientists have argued that their disciplines need to do more to help solve real world practical problems. But doing this has proved difficult. In this paper, I describe three success stories where social and behavioral sciences have contributed important solutions and draw out evidence-based lessons for policy-makers, practitioners, university researchers and others who want to promote social and behavioral science informed actionable solutions to real world problems.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":"195 1","pages":"18 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74999647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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