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Assessing the Efficacy of Alternatives to Incarceration within Seven Federal Districts 评估七个联邦区替代监禁的有效性
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1654354
Kevin T. Wolff, Laura M. Baber, Christine A. Dozier, Roberto Cordeiro
Abstract Though alternatives to incarceration (ATI) courts have existed in the state system for 30 years, such courts are a relatively new phenomena at the federal level. We assess the impact of participation in an ATI program on a number of outcomes using a quasi-experimental matching design. Results suggest that defendants who successfully completed an ATI program were employed a greater percentage of the days, and received favorable case dispositions and less severe sentences.
虽然替代性监禁法院(ATI)在州系统中已经存在了30年,但在联邦一级,这类法院是一个相对较新的现象。我们使用准实验匹配设计来评估参与ATI计划对一些结果的影响。结果表明,成功完成ATI项目的被告被雇用的天数比例更高,并且得到了有利的案件处理和较轻的判决。
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引用次数: 0
The Case for Studying Criminal Nonfatal Shootings: Evidence from Four Midwest Cities 研究刑事非致命枪击案件:来自中西部四个城市的证据
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1689152
N. Hipple, Beth m. Huebner, Theodore S. Lentz, E. McGarrell, Mallory E. O’Brien
Abstract Using law enforcement data from four Midwest communities, we document the similarities and differences between criminal nonfatal and fatal shooting incidents, including the spatial dimensions of the events. We present a definition for a nonfatal shooting incident that guides our victim and incident characteristic comparisons. Our work suggests that law enforcement agencies should build capacity for standardized data collection surrounding gun violence to include nonfatal shootings especially for use in evaluations of gun violence prevention strategies.
本文利用美国中西部四个社区的执法数据,分析了非致命和致命枪击犯罪事件的异同,包括事件的空间维度。我们提出了一个非致命枪击事件的定义,以指导我们的受害者和事件的特征比较。我们的工作表明,执法机构应该建立有关枪支暴力的标准化数据收集能力,包括非致命枪击事件,特别是用于评估枪支暴力预防策略。
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引用次数: 22
An Evaluation of Successful Program Completions across Types of Problem-Solving Courts 对各类解决问题法庭成功完成项目的评估
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1679009
K. Kaiser
Abstract Variations of problem-solving court programs have been created to address a wide variety of offense-related problems, such as drug addiction, mental health, domestic violence, homelessness, and many others. Yet there is little knowledge as to whether this model is equally effective across these many versions of the model. This study uses data from the 2012 Census of Problem-Solving Courts to assess whether there is variation in the proportion of successful program completions across program types. Additionally, this study examined what program-level characteristics are associated with increased successful program completions. The findings of this study suggest that, while there is some variation in program success across program types, there is also substantial variation within types of programs. That is, not one type of problem-solving court program is more effective than any other. The results of this study also found that the programs that offer a larger variety of services are likely to have higher levels of successful program completions. Future research should follow these preliminary findings by examining variations in other outcomes measures of success.
解决问题的法庭程序的变化已经创建,以解决各种各样的犯罪相关的问题,如吸毒成瘾,心理健康,家庭暴力,无家可归,和许多其他。然而,对于这个模型在许多版本中是否同样有效,我们知之甚少。本研究使用来自2012年问题解决法院普查的数据来评估不同项目类型成功完成项目的比例是否存在差异。此外,本研究还考察了哪些项目水平的特征与项目成功完成的增加有关。这项研究的结果表明,尽管不同类型的项目在成功方面存在一些差异,但不同类型的项目之间也存在很大的差异。也就是说,没有一种解决问题的法庭程序比其他任何一种都更有效。这项研究的结果还发现,提供更多种类服务的项目可能有更高水平的成功项目完成。未来的研究应该遵循这些初步的发现,通过检查其他结果的变化来衡量成功。
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引用次数: 1
The Criminogenic Effect of Marijuana Dispensaries in Denver, Colorado: A Microsynthetic Control Quasi-Experiment and Cost-Benefit Analysis 科罗拉多州丹佛市大麻药房的犯罪效应:微合成控制准实验和成本效益分析
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1691934
Nathan T. Connealy, Eric L. Piza, D. Hatten
Abstract The study analyzed the criminogenic effect of legalizing recreational marijuana dispensaries in Denver. Street segments with recreational dispensaries experienced no changes in violent, disorder and drug crime but did experience an 18% increase in property crime, and street segments adjacent to recreational dispensaries experienced some notable (but non-significant) drug and disorder crime increases. Medical dispensaries demonstrated no significant crime changes. A cost-benefit analysis found the associated crime costs were largely offset by sales revenue. Monetary benefits were much less pronounced, and barely cost effective, when only considering tax revenue.
摘要:本研究分析了丹佛市娱乐性大麻药房合法化的致犯罪效应。有休闲药房的街道在暴力、混乱和毒品犯罪方面没有变化,但财产犯罪增加了18%,而毗邻休闲药房的街道在毒品和混乱犯罪方面出现了一些显著(但不显著)的增加。医疗诊所没有显示出明显的犯罪变化。一项成本效益分析发现,相关的犯罪成本在很大程度上被销售收入抵消了。如果只考虑税收,货币收益就不那么明显了,而且几乎没有成本效益。
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引用次数: 17
Examining the Predictive Validity of the Static-99R on Native American Sex Offenders 静态- 99r对美国原住民性犯罪者预测效度的检验
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1636614
Andrew J. Myer
Abstract No study to date has evaluated the predictive validity of the Static-99R on a sample of Native American sex offenders. This study provides such an investigation. Findings reveal the Static-99R demonstrates small predictive validity for new sexual recidivism charges (AUC = 0.599) at five years for all offenders. However, the predictive validity for the sample of Native American sex offenders reaches moderate predictive validity (AUC = 0.672) when examined separately. Additional metrics beyond area under the curve analyses are used to assess the three dimensions of predictive validity: accuracy, discrimination, and calibration. Implications of the findings are discussed.
迄今为止,还没有研究评估了静态99r对美国土著性犯罪者样本的预测有效性。本研究提供了这样一个调查。结果显示,对于所有犯罪者,静态99r对5年后的新性累犯指控具有较小的预测效度(AUC = 0.599)。然而,对美洲原住民性犯罪者样本进行单独检验时,其预测效度达到中等(AUC = 0.672)。曲线下面积分析之外的其他指标用于评估预测有效性的三个维度:准确性、辨别力和校准。讨论了研究结果的含义。
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引用次数: 1
Saturation Policing and Robberies: Quasi-Experimental Evidence about the Effect of Sudden and Quick Operations 饱和警务和抢劫:关于突然和快速行动影响的准实验证据
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1629827
Alejandro Cid
Abstract Latin America is the only region in the world where lethal violence increased in the first decade of the 21st century, and its citizens identified crime and violence as their main concern. Though previous literature shows promising results of saturation policing on crimes, little rigorous evidence exists on the impact of these strategies on the cited region. I study the effects of the implementation of a special saturation policing operation in Uruguay, a Latin-American country that has experienced a huge increase in crime in the last decade. I employ a difference-in-difference approach exploiting the fact that the saturation operation was applied only in the capital of Uruguay due to restriction of resources. I find that the capital experienced a reduction between 20% and 30% in robberies in comparison with the control cities.
拉丁美洲是世界上唯一一个致命暴力在21世纪头十年有所增加的地区,其公民将犯罪和暴力视为他们的主要关注点。虽然以前的文献显示了饱和警务对犯罪的有希望的结果,但很少有严格的证据表明这些策略对所引用地区的影响。我研究了在乌拉圭实施一项特殊的饱和警务行动的效果。乌拉圭是一个拉丁美洲国家,在过去十年中,该国的犯罪率大幅上升。由于资源限制,饱和作业只在乌拉圭首都实施,我采用了一种差异中的差异方法。我发现,与对照城市相比,首都的抢劫案减少了20%到30%。
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引用次数: 3
Reforming Juvenile Detention for Youth with Developmental Disabilities: I.T. v. Los Angeles County 为有发育障碍的青少年改造少管所:I.T.诉洛杉矶县
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-06-19 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1625717
Lois Weinberg, D. Herz, Jolan M. Smith, Kristine Chan
Abstract Alleged violations of disability laws regarding youth with developmental disabilities in juvenile detention led to a Settlement Agreement in I.T. v. Los Angeles County and subsequent reforms. Using multiple sources of data, this study shows high rates of compliance with screening timelines and the development of individual treatment and discharge plans. Multiagency staff found the reforms beneficial. Staff training proved not to have been adequate in some areas. The attorneys who negotiated the Agreement provided close oversight and monitoring.
在少年拘留所中,关于发育性残疾青少年违反残疾法的指控导致了I.T.诉洛杉矶县和解协议和随后的改革。使用多种来源的数据,这项研究显示了筛查时间表和个人治疗和出院计划的高依从率。多机构工作人员发现这些改革是有益的。在某些领域,工作人员的培训证明是不够的。谈判该协议的律师提供了密切的监督和监督。
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引用次数: 0
Intervening in the Lives of Gang Members in Denver: A Pilot Evaluation of the Gang Reduction Initiative of Denver 干预丹佛市帮派成员的生活:丹佛市减少帮派行动的试点评估
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1609334
D. Pyrooz, E. Weltman, J. Sánchez
Abstract There are over one million gang members in the United States, but effective practices and programs to facilitate disengagement from gangs are rare. This first aim of this article was to introduce the intervention strategy of the Gang Reduction Initiative of Denver (GRID), a public agency operating at the core of a network of partners seeking to reduce gang violence in Denver. GRID uses a multidisciplinary team approach with coordinated and individualized case management and street outreach workers to facilitate disengagement from gangs and desistance from crime. The second aim of this article was to report the results of a pilot project evaluation, which entailed baseline interviews with 57 clients and follow-up interviews with 20 clients. Reductions in gang status, gang embeddedness, and offending were observed, as well as positive client–outreach relationships. The final aim was to report the steps toward establishing a foundation to conduct a full-scale evaluation. Most responses to gangs are considered promising because they have not been subject to rigorous evaluation. GRID aims to stand in contrast to most of the current inventory of justice evaluations of gang interventions through a process and impact evaluation consisting of random assignment to treatment and control groups.
在美国有超过一百万的帮派成员,但有效的做法和方案,以促进脱离帮派很少。本文的第一个目的是介绍丹佛减少帮派倡议(GRID)的干预策略,该倡议是一个公共机构,在寻求减少丹佛帮派暴力的合作伙伴网络中发挥核心作用。全球资源数据库采用多学科团队方法,配合协调和个性化的案件管理和街头外联工作人员,促进脱离帮派和制止犯罪。本文的第二个目的是报告试点项目评估的结果,该评估包括对57个客户的基线访谈和对20个客户的后续访谈。观察到帮派地位、帮派嵌入和犯罪的减少,以及积极的客户拓展关系。最后的目的是报告建立基金会进行全面评估的步骤。大多数对犯罪团伙的反应被认为是有希望的,因为它们没有受到严格的评估。全球资源数据库旨在通过对治疗组和对照组进行随机分配的过程和影响评价,与目前大多数帮派干预司法评价清单形成对比。
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引用次数: 7
Price of Liberty or Never Again: Americans’ Views on Preventing Mass Murder 自由的代价还是永不再来:美国人对防止大屠杀的看法
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1569474
Murat Haner, F. Cullen, Cheryl Lero Jonson, A. L. Burton, T. C. Kulig
Abstract Shortly following the mass murders at a concert in Las Vegas, NV and at a church Sutherland Springs, TX, a national sample (n = 1,000) was surveyed in December 2017 regarding gun control policies. The study’s key finding is that two thirds of Americans rejected the view that these incidents were the “price of liberty,” advocating instead for efforts to ensure that such massacres should occur “never again.” A clear majority of the sample also rejected the idea that a gun was needed to repel the federal government’s threat to take away liberty and that a “good person” with a gun is the best way to stop a “bad person” with a gun. By contrast, high support was found for banning lethal firearms and bullets, for banning firearm ownership by risky people, and for most proposals seeking to regulate firearm ownership. Less support for these initiatives was found among males, the less educated, and gun owners as well as among those favoring the NRA, fearing government tyranny, and believing that carrying guns prevents murder. The results suggest that in the current context—which includes repeated mass murders—public opinion is conducive to reforms aimed at implementing common-sense gun safety regulations. The implications of likely policy reforms for justice evaluation are discussed.
2017年12月,在内华达州拉斯维加斯音乐会上和德克萨斯州萨瑟兰斯普林斯教堂发生大规模谋杀事件后不久,对全国样本(n = 1000)进行了枪支管制政策调查。这项研究的主要发现是,三分之二的美国人不认为这些事件是“自由的代价”,而是主张努力确保此类屠杀“永远不再发生”。绝大多数调查对象也不认为需要枪支来击退联邦政府剥夺自由的威胁,不认为拥有枪支的“好人”是阻止拥有枪支的“坏人”的最佳方式。相比之下,高支持禁止被发现致命的枪支和子弹,禁止枪支所有权的风险,对于大多数提案寻求规范枪支所有权。男性、受教育程度较低的人、拥有枪支的人以及支持全国步枪协会、害怕政府暴政、认为携带枪支可以防止谋杀的人对这些倡议的支持程度较低。研究结果表明,在当前上下文中包含重复质量murders-public意见有利于改革旨在实现常识性的枪支安全条例。讨论了可能的政策改革对司法评价的影响。
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引用次数: 24
How to Increase the Relevance and Use of Social and Behavioral Science: Lessons for Policy-makers, Researchers and Others 如何提高社会和行为科学的相关性和使用:给决策者、研究人员和其他人的教训
IF 2.1 Q3 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2019.1600381
M. Western
Abstract For at least 40 years, social and behavioral scientists have argued that their disciplines need to do more to help solve real world practical problems. But doing this has proved difficult. In this paper, I describe three success stories where social and behavioral sciences have contributed important solutions and draw out evidence-based lessons for policy-makers, practitioners, university researchers and others who want to promote social and behavioral science informed actionable solutions to real world problems.
至少40年来,社会和行为科学家一直认为,他们的学科需要做更多的工作来帮助解决现实世界的实际问题。但事实证明,这样做很困难。在本文中,我描述了三个成功的故事,其中社会和行为科学提供了重要的解决方案,并为政策制定者、从业者、大学研究人员和其他希望促进社会和行为科学为现实世界问题提供可行的解决方案的人提供了基于证据的经验教训。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Justice Evaluation Journal
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