首页 > 最新文献

Justice Evaluation Journal最新文献

英文 中文
An Evaluation of Light Positioning on Suspect Accuracy in Low Light Environments 微光环境下光定位对嫌疑犯精度的影响
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1970482
J. Pete Blair, M. Hunter Martaindale, Emily D Spivey
Abstract Police are sometimes required to conduct searches for hostile suspects or clear a building when an alarm sounds. These searches often times occur in low light conditions. Police will routinely use a flashlight to help with the search. This study evaluates three of the most commonly taught flashlight tactics to assess if any can reduce the likelihood of a police officer being shot by a hostile suspect. The study utilized a randomized controlled trial (n = 236) with random assignment to three test conditions. Ultimately, the study found the Dagger technique reduced the likelihood that participants playing the role of a hostile suspect would successfully shoot the officer in a controlled setting. This finding can directly impact how police officers are trained to operate in low light settings.
当警报响起时,警察有时需要对有敌意的嫌疑人进行搜查或清理建筑物。这些搜索通常发生在弱光条件下。警方将照例使用手电筒协助搜查。这项研究评估了三种最常用的手电筒战术,以评估是否有任何战术可以减少警察被敌对嫌疑人击中的可能性。该研究采用随机对照试验(n = 236),随机分配到三个测试条件。最终,研究发现,匕首技术降低了在受控环境下扮演敌对嫌疑人的参与者成功射杀警官的可能性。这一发现可以直接影响警察在低光环境下的操作训练。
{"title":"An Evaluation of Light Positioning on Suspect Accuracy in Low Light Environments","authors":"J. Pete Blair, M. Hunter Martaindale, Emily D Spivey","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1970482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1970482","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Police are sometimes required to conduct searches for hostile suspects or clear a building when an alarm sounds. These searches often times occur in low light conditions. Police will routinely use a flashlight to help with the search. This study evaluates three of the most commonly taught flashlight tactics to assess if any can reduce the likelihood of a police officer being shot by a hostile suspect. The study utilized a randomized controlled trial (n = 236) with random assignment to three test conditions. Ultimately, the study found the Dagger technique reduced the likelihood that participants playing the role of a hostile suspect would successfully shoot the officer in a controlled setting. This finding can directly impact how police officers are trained to operate in low light settings.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89358401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Long-Term Follow-Up Evaluation of an Employment Assistance Reentry Program 就业援助再就业计划的长期跟踪评估
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1965494
S. Mcneeley
Abstract This study uses a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of an employment assistance program implemented in Minnesota prisons by examining recidivism and post-release employment outcomes of 2,814 individuals released between 2009 and 2018. Observable selection bias was reduced by using propensity score matching to create similar treatment and comparison groups. Results of Cox regression analyses showed that completing EMPLOY reduced the hazard ratio for recidivism by 27–66%. The findings further showed that those who completed EMPLOY were more likely to gain post-release employment within two years after release from prison and worked more hours, had higher hourly wages, and earned more total wages during the two-year follow-up period.
摘要本研究采用准实验设计,通过对2009年至2018年间刑满释放的2814名罪犯的再犯和释放后就业结果进行分析,评估明尼苏达州监狱实施就业援助项目的有效性。通过使用倾向评分匹配来创建相似的治疗组和对照组,减少了可观察到的选择偏差。Cox回归分析的结果显示,完成雇佣使再犯的风险比降低了27-66%。研究结果进一步表明,那些完成了“雇佣计划”的人更有可能在出狱后的两年内找到工作,在两年的随访期间,他们工作的时间更长,时薪更高,总工资也更高。
{"title":"A Long-Term Follow-Up Evaluation of an Employment Assistance Reentry Program","authors":"S. Mcneeley","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1965494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1965494","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study uses a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of an employment assistance program implemented in Minnesota prisons by examining recidivism and post-release employment outcomes of 2,814 individuals released between 2009 and 2018. Observable selection bias was reduced by using propensity score matching to create similar treatment and comparison groups. Results of Cox regression analyses showed that completing EMPLOY reduced the hazard ratio for recidivism by 27–66%. The findings further showed that those who completed EMPLOY were more likely to gain post-release employment within two years after release from prison and worked more hours, had higher hourly wages, and earned more total wages during the two-year follow-up period.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90693899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Predicting Failure on the Sex Offense Registry: An Examination of Static and Dynamic Factors 预测性犯罪登记失败:静态和动态因素的检验
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1963636
K. Thompson, Beth m. Huebner
Abstract There is considerable research on the efficacy of sex offense registries, but less is known about individual compliance with registration. Recent research and subsequent policy have highlighted the importance of understanding technical violations as a hidden driver of mass incarceration, and there is emerging evidence that suggests that agency violation practices vary widely. We analyzed administrative data from a large sample of individuals on the sex offense registry in Missouri to identify the factors associated with risk for noncompliance, including a technical violation and reincarceration. Both stable and dynamic factors contribute to our understanding of compliance and incarceration. Findings also suggest that living in a county with few registrants contributes to lowered odds of noncompliance. Alternatively, high caseloads contribute to greater odds of incarceration only. More generally, we find a sizeable portion of jurisdictional variation remains for both noncompliance and incarceration, a finding that suggests different enforcement practices across place.
摘要对性犯罪登记制度的有效性研究较多,但对个体性犯罪登记的遵守情况了解较少。最近的研究和随后的政策强调了将技术违规理解为大规模监禁的隐藏驱动因素的重要性,并且有新出现的证据表明,各机构的违规做法差别很大。我们分析了来自密苏里州性犯罪登记的大量个人样本的管理数据,以确定与违规风险相关的因素,包括技术违规和再监禁。稳定因素和动态因素都有助于我们理解依从性和监禁。调查结果还表明,居住在登记人数较少的县有助于降低不合规的几率。或者,高案件量只会增加监禁的几率。更普遍的是,我们发现很大一部分司法差异仍然存在于违规和监禁,这一发现表明各地的执法实践不同。
{"title":"Predicting Failure on the Sex Offense Registry: An Examination of Static and Dynamic Factors","authors":"K. Thompson, Beth m. Huebner","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1963636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1963636","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is considerable research on the efficacy of sex offense registries, but less is known about individual compliance with registration. Recent research and subsequent policy have highlighted the importance of understanding technical violations as a hidden driver of mass incarceration, and there is emerging evidence that suggests that agency violation practices vary widely. We analyzed administrative data from a large sample of individuals on the sex offense registry in Missouri to identify the factors associated with risk for noncompliance, including a technical violation and reincarceration. Both stable and dynamic factors contribute to our understanding of compliance and incarceration. Findings also suggest that living in a county with few registrants contributes to lowered odds of noncompliance. Alternatively, high caseloads contribute to greater odds of incarceration only. More generally, we find a sizeable portion of jurisdictional variation remains for both noncompliance and incarceration, a finding that suggests different enforcement practices across place.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75346028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Social Media and Sexting Intervention: A New Juvenile Diversion Program 社交媒体和性短信干预:一个新的青少年转移计划
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-08-13 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1963637
V. Beck, Matt Richie, Bryan Wright, David Jones
Abstract Between consenting adults, the private electronic sharing of nude photos is generally not illegal. However, when adolescents mimic this adult behavior they are in possession of child pornography and/or engaging in the pandering of child pornography, both of which are crimes in the United States. To address this fairly new adolescent social “sexting” problem, the Social Media & Sexting Intervention Program was created. This is a curriculum based juvenile diversion program recently established in two counties in Wisconsin. The purpose of the current study was to provide a preliminary evaluation assessing the impact of the program. During the first year of the program, 66 adolescents were referred to the program by school resource officers and courts in the two counties. Of those 66 referrals, 61 adolescents were able to participate in the program. A pre/post-test design was used to assess knowledge gained and attitude changes. Overall, the results of the assessment indicate that the program is educationally promising. Perhaps just as importantly, the program protects adolescents from an overly punitive justice system.
在成年人同意的情况下,私人电子分享裸照通常并不违法。然而,当青少年模仿成年人的行为时,他们就拥有了儿童色情制品和/或参与了迎合儿童色情制品的活动,这两种行为在美国都是犯罪。为了解决这个相当新的青少年社交“性短信”问题,社交媒体和性短信干预计划应运而生。这是一个基于课程的青少年转移项目,最近在威斯康星州的两个县建立。本研究的目的是对该计划的影响进行初步评估。在项目实施的第一年,这两个县的学校资源官员和法院将66名青少年转介到该项目。在这66名转介者中,有61名青少年能够参加该计划。采用测试前/测试后设计来评估获得的知识和态度变化。总体而言,评估结果表明,该计划是有教育前景的。也许同样重要的是,该项目保护青少年免受过度惩罚的司法系统的伤害。
{"title":"Social Media and Sexting Intervention: A New Juvenile Diversion Program","authors":"V. Beck, Matt Richie, Bryan Wright, David Jones","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1963637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1963637","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Between consenting adults, the private electronic sharing of nude photos is generally not illegal. However, when adolescents mimic this adult behavior they are in possession of child pornography and/or engaging in the pandering of child pornography, both of which are crimes in the United States. To address this fairly new adolescent social “sexting” problem, the Social Media & Sexting Intervention Program was created. This is a curriculum based juvenile diversion program recently established in two counties in Wisconsin. The purpose of the current study was to provide a preliminary evaluation assessing the impact of the program. During the first year of the program, 66 adolescents were referred to the program by school resource officers and courts in the two counties. Of those 66 referrals, 61 adolescents were able to participate in the program. A pre/post-test design was used to assess knowledge gained and attitude changes. Overall, the results of the assessment indicate that the program is educationally promising. Perhaps just as importantly, the program protects adolescents from an overly punitive justice system.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82928083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drug Testing Policies and Practices: Predicting Successful Outcomes among Juveniles Participating in Pretrial Diversion Programs 药物测试政策和实践:预测参与审前转移计划的青少年的成功结果
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-15 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1952643
Chelsea W. Harris, Lindsey E. Wylie
Abstract Drug testing is a frequent condition of juvenile justice programs, although research on the effects of drug testing juveniles – especially early system-involved youth – is scarce. The risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) model suggests drug testing would only be a beneficial intervention if substance use contributes to a youth’s criminal behavior and has a rehabilitative component. We examined drug testing policies and practices in one Midwestern state utilizing interviews with 27 diversion program managers and a statewide sample of 665 youth referred to pretrial diversion. Analysis tested whether drug testing juveniles with and without a substance use need predicted successful completion of diversion and decreased the probability of future system involvement. Results indicated that drug testing was not a significant predictor of successfully completing diversion, nor did it decrease youths’ odds of recidivating in the year after discharge from diversion. Further, those with a substance use need were significantly less likely to successfully complete diversion than those without a substance use need, indicating that diversion programs should utilize rehabilitative methods for addressing criminogenic drug or alcohol needs.
摘要:药物检测是青少年司法项目的一个常见条件,尽管对药物检测对青少年的影响的研究-特别是早期系统涉及的青少年-很少。风险-需求-反应(RNR)模型表明,只有当药物使用导致青少年的犯罪行为并具有康复成分时,药物测试才会是一种有益的干预。我们研究了中西部一个州的药物测试政策和实践,通过对27名转移项目经理和665名审前转移青少年的全州样本进行访谈。分析测试了药物测试是否有和没有物质使用需要的青少年预测成功完成转移和降低未来系统参与的可能性。结果表明,药物测试并不是成功完成转移的显著预测因子,也没有降低青少年在转移出院后一年内再犯的几率。此外,那些有物质使用需求的人比那些没有物质使用需求的人成功完成转移的可能性要小得多,这表明转移方案应该利用康复方法来解决犯罪药物或酒精需求。
{"title":"Drug Testing Policies and Practices: Predicting Successful Outcomes among Juveniles Participating in Pretrial Diversion Programs","authors":"Chelsea W. Harris, Lindsey E. Wylie","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1952643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1952643","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drug testing is a frequent condition of juvenile justice programs, although research on the effects of drug testing juveniles – especially early system-involved youth – is scarce. The risk-needs-responsivity (RNR) model suggests drug testing would only be a beneficial intervention if substance use contributes to a youth’s criminal behavior and has a rehabilitative component. We examined drug testing policies and practices in one Midwestern state utilizing interviews with 27 diversion program managers and a statewide sample of 665 youth referred to pretrial diversion. Analysis tested whether drug testing juveniles with and without a substance use need predicted successful completion of diversion and decreased the probability of future system involvement. Results indicated that drug testing was not a significant predictor of successfully completing diversion, nor did it decrease youths’ odds of recidivating in the year after discharge from diversion. Further, those with a substance use need were significantly less likely to successfully complete diversion than those without a substance use need, indicating that diversion programs should utilize rehabilitative methods for addressing criminogenic drug or alcohol needs.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85531783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(In)Effectiveness of In-Home Detention Tethers to Reduce Recidivism for System-Involved Girls (六)家庭拘留系带减少系统相关女孩再犯的有效性
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-06-16 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1933570
V. Anderson, Laura L. Rubino, N. McKenna, C. Campbell, Amber A. Petkus, Ashlee R. Barnes-Lee
Abstract In-home detention tethers are an intermediate, correctional sanction that have become popular alternatives to detention or incarceration. However, there is limited research on whether in-home detention tethers reduce recidivism among juvenile legal system involved girls. The current quasi-experimental study examines recidivism outcomes among adjudicated girls who received the intervention compared to a matched comparison group of girls. Recidivism rates were analyzed following completion of the intervention. In-home detention tethers were not found to be an effective method to reduce recidivism among girls.
家庭拘留系绳是一种中间的矫正制裁,已成为拘留或监禁的流行替代方案。然而,关于家庭拘留系带是否能减少少年法律体系中涉及女孩的再犯的研究有限。目前的准实验研究检查了在接受干预的被裁定女孩中再犯的结果,并将其与匹配的对照组女孩进行了比较。干预结束后分析再犯率。家庭拘留系绳并不是减少女孩再犯的有效方法。
{"title":"(In)Effectiveness of In-Home Detention Tethers to Reduce Recidivism for System-Involved Girls","authors":"V. Anderson, Laura L. Rubino, N. McKenna, C. Campbell, Amber A. Petkus, Ashlee R. Barnes-Lee","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1933570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1933570","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In-home detention tethers are an intermediate, correctional sanction that have become popular alternatives to detention or incarceration. However, there is limited research on whether in-home detention tethers reduce recidivism among juvenile legal system involved girls. The current quasi-experimental study examines recidivism outcomes among adjudicated girls who received the intervention compared to a matched comparison group of girls. Recidivism rates were analyzed following completion of the intervention. In-home detention tethers were not found to be an effective method to reduce recidivism among girls.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84108283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Value of Understanding the Human Side of Precautionary Behavior for Criminology and Crime Control Policy: The 2021 Bruce Smith Sr. Award Address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences 理解预防行为对犯罪学和犯罪控制政策的人性方面的价值:2021年布鲁斯·史密斯老奖在刑事司法科学院的演讲
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1941194
Christopher J. Schreck
Abstract Criminology has traditionally emphasized the offender, relegating theory, research, and policy on target decision-making to a place of relative unimportance. I advocate a different view. In choice theory, offenders prefer quick and easy reward at little risk, acting with target vulnerability very much in mind. I use choice theory concepts and assumptions to account for target precautionary behavior. The principles of certainty, swiftness, and severity can be developed to explain not only when people will act to limit vulnerability, but also suggest the kinds of precautions that tend to be chosen reliably. Low self-control, a source of victimization risk, lessens feelings of certainty of victimization and fosters a preference for the easiest and most immediately gratifying methods of protection. In addition to stimulating theorizing and research to improve the usage and consistency of precautionary behavior, this theory also offers insights about controversial choices to acquire defensive weapons.
犯罪学传统上强调罪犯,将目标决策的理论、研究和政策置于相对不重要的地位。我主张不同的观点。在选择理论中,罪犯更喜欢在风险小的情况下获得快速而容易的回报,他们在行动时非常清楚目标的脆弱性。我使用选择理论的概念和假设来解释目标预防行为。确定性、快速性和严峻性原则不仅可以用来解释人们什么时候采取行动来限制脆弱性,还可以用来建议人们采取哪些可靠的预防措施。自我控制能力低是受害风险的一个来源,它降低了受害的确定性,并培养了对最简单、最能立即满足的保护方法的偏好。除了促进理论和研究以提高预防性行为的使用和一致性外,该理论还为获得防御性武器的有争议的选择提供了见解。
{"title":"The Value of Understanding the Human Side of Precautionary Behavior for Criminology and Crime Control Policy: The 2021 Bruce Smith Sr. Award Address to the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences","authors":"Christopher J. Schreck","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1941194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1941194","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Criminology has traditionally emphasized the offender, relegating theory, research, and policy on target decision-making to a place of relative unimportance. I advocate a different view. In choice theory, offenders prefer quick and easy reward at little risk, acting with target vulnerability very much in mind. I use choice theory concepts and assumptions to account for target precautionary behavior. The principles of certainty, swiftness, and severity can be developed to explain not only when people will act to limit vulnerability, but also suggest the kinds of precautions that tend to be chosen reliably. Low self-control, a source of victimization risk, lessens feelings of certainty of victimization and fosters a preference for the easiest and most immediately gratifying methods of protection. In addition to stimulating theorizing and research to improve the usage and consistency of precautionary behavior, this theory also offers insights about controversial choices to acquire defensive weapons.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Impact of the City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD) Comprehensive Strategy on Crime in the City of Los Angeles 洛杉矶市市长办公室减少帮派和青少年发展(GRYD)对洛杉矶市犯罪的综合战略的影响
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1887709
P. Brantingham, George E. Tita, D. Herz
Abstract The City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD) program was conceived as a comprehensive response to gang violence. Unlike most comprehensive approaches, suppression was excluded from the primary model. Program services including community engagement, gang prevention and intervention services, and street-based violence interruption, were formally launched in late 2011. Strict geographic eligibility criteria mean that GRYD services were available in some Los Angeles communities and not others. Using the geographic structure of GRYD, we use a place-based difference-in-differences model to estimate the effect of GRYD services on both violent and property crime. The analyses suggest a reduction in violent crime of around 18% in areas exposed to GRYD Comprehensive Strategy services, including aggravated assault and robbery. Similar declines are not observed in property crimes including burglary and car theft. Comparison with evaluations of placed-based gang injunctions demonstrate that GRYD is able to achieve nearly one-half of the reductions in crime without a suppression focus.
洛杉矶市市长办公室减少帮派和青少年发展(GRYD)计划被认为是对帮派暴力的全面回应。与大多数综合方法不同,抑制被排除在初级模型之外。2011年底正式启动了包括社区参与、帮派预防和干预服务以及街头暴力中断在内的项目服务。严格的地理资格标准意味着,在洛杉矶的一些社区可以使用GRYD服务,而在其他社区则不行。利用农村社区的地理结构,我们使用基于地点的差异中差模型来估计农村社区服务对暴力犯罪和财产犯罪的影响。分析表明,在接受GRYD综合战略服务的地区,暴力犯罪减少了18%左右,包括严重袭击和抢劫。包括入室盗窃和汽车盗窃在内的财产犯罪没有出现类似的下降。与基于地点的帮派禁令的评估比较表明,GRYD能够在没有压制重点的情况下实现近一半的犯罪减少。
{"title":"The Impact of the City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD) Comprehensive Strategy on Crime in the City of Los Angeles","authors":"P. Brantingham, George E. Tita, D. Herz","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1887709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1887709","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The City of Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Gang Reduction and Youth Development (GRYD) program was conceived as a comprehensive response to gang violence. Unlike most comprehensive approaches, suppression was excluded from the primary model. Program services including community engagement, gang prevention and intervention services, and street-based violence interruption, were formally launched in late 2011. Strict geographic eligibility criteria mean that GRYD services were available in some Los Angeles communities and not others. Using the geographic structure of GRYD, we use a place-based difference-in-differences model to estimate the effect of GRYD services on both violent and property crime. The analyses suggest a reduction in violent crime of around 18% in areas exposed to GRYD Comprehensive Strategy services, including aggravated assault and robbery. Similar declines are not observed in property crimes including burglary and car theft. Comparison with evaluations of placed-based gang injunctions demonstrate that GRYD is able to achieve nearly one-half of the reductions in crime without a suppression focus.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87799578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Beyond Aggravating and Mitigating Factors: The Analysis of Colorado's Death Penalty Cases (1999-2010): 超越加重和减轻因素:科罗拉多州死刑案件分析(1999-2010年):
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2021.1877090
C. Okpara, A. Hendricks, L. Cobb
Abstract In Colorado, studies have shown that the likelihood of the prosecutions’ decision to pursue the death penalty is related to the defendant’s race and judicial district of the trial. These studies examined race and district separately without incorporating aggravating or mitigating factors resulting in others questioning the studies’ validity. Our objective is to address these concerns by modelling race and population density together along with applied aggravating and mitigating factors. We found that the likelihood of the prosecutions’ decision to pursue the death penalty differs by the number of aggravating factors applied to a case, applicability of specific aggravating factors, and the defendant's race. Additionally, there were aggravating factors that were frequently applied yet did not predict the average prosecution’s decision to pursue the death penalty beyond contributing to the overall number of aggravating factors applied to the case.
在美国科罗拉多州,有研究表明,原告决定执行死刑的可能性与被告的种族和审判的司法区域有关。这些研究分别考察了种族和地区,没有纳入加重或减轻因素,导致其他人质疑研究的有效性。我们的目标是通过模拟种族和人口密度以及应用的加重和减轻因素来解决这些问题。我们发现,控方决定判处死刑的可能性因适用于案件的加重因素数量、具体加重因素的适用性和被告的种族而异。此外,除了对案件适用的加重因素总数有所贡献之外,还有一些加重因素经常适用,但并不能预测一般检察机关是否会决定判处死刑。
{"title":"Beyond Aggravating and Mitigating Factors: The Analysis of Colorado's Death Penalty Cases (1999-2010):","authors":"C. Okpara, A. Hendricks, L. Cobb","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2021.1877090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2021.1877090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Colorado, studies have shown that the likelihood of the prosecutions’ decision to pursue the death penalty is related to the defendant’s race and judicial district of the trial. These studies examined race and district separately without incorporating aggravating or mitigating factors resulting in others questioning the studies’ validity. Our objective is to address these concerns by modelling race and population density together along with applied aggravating and mitigating factors. We found that the likelihood of the prosecutions’ decision to pursue the death penalty differs by the number of aggravating factors applied to a case, applicability of specific aggravating factors, and the defendant's race. Additionally, there were aggravating factors that were frequently applied yet did not predict the average prosecution’s decision to pursue the death penalty beyond contributing to the overall number of aggravating factors applied to the case.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73059655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“The walls came down:” A Mixed-Methods Multi-Site Prison Arts Program Evaluation “墙倒了”:一个混合方法的多地点监狱艺术项目评估
IF 2.1 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-07 DOI: 10.1080/24751979.2020.1853484
D. Littman, S. Sliva
Abstract Considerable research has linked participation in arts programs to a constellation of positive social emotional outcomes for incarcerated participants. This article describes and evaluates a set of semester-long University of Denver Prison Arts Initiative (DU PAI) workshops. Through a pretest-posttest evaluation design inclusive of 22 quantitative and three qualitative items, we measured a range of outcomes for DU PAI participants (N = 119). Quantitative findings support prior work which associates participation in prison arts programs with social emotional outcomes such as community connection, skill attainment, and self-efficacy. Qualitative findings offered insight into participants’ experiences of the workshops, including: learning, growth, and discovery; opening up; authentic self-expression; empathy and perspective taking; belonging and connection; creative collaboration; joy and freedom. We also identified facilitator qualities which foster participant growth, including: safety, caring and respect, participation, and emotional involvement. Our findings suggest that prison arts programming may transcend skills-based and social emotional outcomes to invoke liberatory experiences for participants. There is a need for additional research to more clearly explore the effects of contextual factors and further concretize the unique role of arts programs in carceral spaces.
相当多的研究将参与艺术项目与监禁参与者的积极社会情感结果联系起来。本文描述并评估了丹佛大学监狱艺术倡议(DU PAI)一学期的工作坊。通过前测后测评估设计,包括22个定量项目和3个定性项目,我们测量了DU PAI参与者的一系列结果(N = 119)。定量研究结果支持先前的研究,该研究将监狱艺术项目的参与与社会情感结果(如社区联系、技能获得和自我效能)联系起来。定性研究结果提供了对研讨会参与者经历的洞察,包括:学习、成长和发现;开放;真实的自我表达;同理心和视角;归属感和联系;创造性的合作;快乐和自由。我们还确定了促进参与者成长的促进者素质,包括:安全、关心和尊重、参与和情感投入。我们的研究结果表明,监狱艺术节目可能超越基于技能和社会情感的结果,为参与者带来解放体验。有必要进行更多的研究,以更清楚地探索环境因素的影响,并进一步具体化艺术项目在城市空间中的独特作用。
{"title":"“The walls came down:” A Mixed-Methods Multi-Site Prison Arts Program Evaluation","authors":"D. Littman, S. Sliva","doi":"10.1080/24751979.2020.1853484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2020.1853484","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Considerable research has linked participation in arts programs to a constellation of positive social emotional outcomes for incarcerated participants. This article describes and evaluates a set of semester-long University of Denver Prison Arts Initiative (DU PAI) workshops. Through a pretest-posttest evaluation design inclusive of 22 quantitative and three qualitative items, we measured a range of outcomes for DU PAI participants (N = 119). Quantitative findings support prior work which associates participation in prison arts programs with social emotional outcomes such as community connection, skill attainment, and self-efficacy. Qualitative findings offered insight into participants’ experiences of the workshops, including: learning, growth, and discovery; opening up; authentic self-expression; empathy and perspective taking; belonging and connection; creative collaboration; joy and freedom. We also identified facilitator qualities which foster participant growth, including: safety, caring and respect, participation, and emotional involvement. Our findings suggest that prison arts programming may transcend skills-based and social emotional outcomes to invoke liberatory experiences for participants. There is a need for additional research to more clearly explore the effects of contextual factors and further concretize the unique role of arts programs in carceral spaces.","PeriodicalId":41318,"journal":{"name":"Justice Evaluation Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85296581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
Justice Evaluation Journal
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1