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Songs of Famine and War: Irish Famine Memory in the Music of the US Civil War 饥荒与战争之歌:美国内战音乐中的爱尔兰饥荒记忆
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1017/S1479409822000088
Sarah Gerk
This article illuminates ways in which memory of Ireland's Great Famine or ‘an Gorta Mór’ (1845–1852) shaped US music during the US Civil War (1861–1865). Among scholarship on Irish Americans in the Civil War, few sources substantively address lingering memories and trauma from the Great Famine. Yet, a significant amount of the estimated 1.6 million Irish immigrants living in the US in 1860, 170,000 of whom enlisted in the war, were famine survivors. Music's unique role in emotional life offers robust source material for understanding famine memory in this transnational context. Adopting a concept of ‘private, secret, insidious trauma’ from Laura Brown and Maria P.P. Root, as well as understanding Jeffrey Alexander's ideas about cultural trauma as a sociological process, the article highlights a some of the ways in which famine memories emerged in music-making during the war. Case studies include a survey of US sheet music, the transnational performance and reception history of the song ‘Kathleen Mavourneen’, and research on the life of the northern Union army's most successful bandleader, Patrick Gilmore, who left Athlone, in Ireland famine-ravaged West, as a teenager in the late 1840s. The approach is inherently transatlantic, accounting for histories that occurred in the United States, Ireland and the broader Atlantic world dominated by Britain. The essay illustrates how music can contribute to social history, ways in which the application of research on trauma can inform musicological work, and ways in which traumatic memories can emerge across time and distance, particularly in diasporic contexts.
这篇文章阐明了爱尔兰大饥荒或“一个戈尔塔·莫尔”(1845–1852)的记忆在美国内战(1861–1865)期间塑造美国音乐的方式。在关于南北战争中的爱尔兰裔美国人的研究中,很少有资料能实质性地讲述大饥荒留下的挥之不去的记忆和创伤。然而,1860年居住在美国的约160万爱尔兰移民中,有相当一部分是饥荒幸存者,其中17万人应征入伍。音乐在情感生活中的独特作用为理解这种跨国背景下的饥荒记忆提供了强有力的素材。这篇文章采用了劳拉·布朗和玛丽亚·P·鲁特的“私人、秘密、阴险的创伤”概念,并理解了杰弗里·亚历山大关于文化创伤是一个社会学过程的观点,强调了战争期间饥荒记忆在音乐制作中出现的一些方式。案例研究包括对美国乐谱的调查、歌曲《Kathleen Mavourneen》的跨国演出和接收历史,以及对北方联盟军最成功的乐队指挥帕特里克·吉尔摩的生活的研究。吉尔摩在19世纪40年代末十几岁时离开了爱尔兰饥荒肆虐的西部的阿斯隆。这种方法本质上是跨大西洋的,考虑到发生在美国、爱尔兰和由英国主导的更广泛的大西洋世界的历史。这篇文章阐述了音乐如何对社会历史做出贡献,创伤研究的应用如何为音乐学工作提供信息,以及创伤记忆如何跨越时间和距离出现,特别是在流散的背景下。
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引用次数: 0
François Le Roux and Romain Raynaldy, Le Chant Intime: The Interpretation of French Mélodie, trans. Sylvia Kahan (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021). x + 283 pp. $99.00. François Le Roux和Romain Raynaldy,Le Chant Intime:法国梅洛迪的诠释,跨性别。Sylvia Kahan(纽约:牛津大学出版社,2021)。x+283页99.00美元。
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/S147940982200009X
J. Sobaskie
This book addresses students, teachers, performers, and scholars who wish to fathom the unique nature of the French vocal genre of the mélodie, doing so in a warmly personal manner that may surprise as well as please. Le chant intime: De l’interprétation de la mélodie française originally was published in 2004, and this slightly expanded English-language version is welcome, given the globally increasing interest in nineteenth-century French aural culture among musicians and audiences today. Although there is an expanding array of resources devoted to themélodie, this one differs in design and substance. Within the Foreword, journalist Romain Raynaldy reveals its origins as interviews with the baritone François Le Roux: ‘I suggested that François not take amusicological approach to French art song, but rather to write the kind of work that would allow his readers to discover and expand their understanding in a lively and accessible language’ (p. ix). Within the Introduction, Le Roux surveys its structure:
这本书面向那些希望深入了解法国声乐流派梅洛迪的独特性质的学生、教师、表演者和学者,以一种热情的个人方式进行探索,这可能会让他们感到惊讶,也可能会让人感到高兴。Le chant intime:De l’interpétation De la mélodie française最初于2004年出版,鉴于当今全球音乐家和观众对19世纪法国听觉文化的兴趣日益浓厚,这一略微扩展的英语版本受到欢迎。尽管有越来越多的资源专门用于他们的住所,但这一次在设计和实质上都有所不同。在前言中,记者罗曼·雷纳尔迪(Romain Raynaldy)通过对男中音弗朗索瓦·勒鲁(François Le Roux)的采访揭示了它的起源:“我建议弗朗索瓦不要对法国艺术歌曲采取有趣的方法,而是要写一种作品,让他的读者能够用生动易懂的语言发现并扩大他们的理解”(第九页)。在引言中,Le Roux对其结构进行了调查:
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引用次数: 0
Hervé Lacombe, ed., Histoire de l'opéra français: Du Consulat aux débuts de la IIIe République (Paris: Fayard, 2020). 1,258 pp. €39.00. HervéLacombe,编辑,《法国歌剧史:从领事馆到第三共和国的开始》(巴黎:法亚德,2020年)。1258 pp.39.00欧元。
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1479409822000106
Peter Mondelli
explore the genre, master appropriate pronunciation of the poetic texts, and become more confident interpreters. His advocacy of lesser-known literature and composers, as well as his blend of erudition, excitement, and technique, are sure to be emulated by emerging artists. Indeed, scholars are apt to find hints here to stimulate new research. Yet certain aspects of formatting and content attract attention. For instance, copyright notices appear for no apparent reason at the starts of all 33 chapters, plus the Introduction, as well as that normally found in the front matter. Misalignments within texts and translations make close study awkward at times. Finally, some terminological imprecisions remain without acknowledgement. Nevertheless, this volume offers such a cordial entrée to its subject for those curious about mélodies that these quibbles are, in the main, relatively minor. Perhaps the signal achievement of Le Chant Intime is its engaging illumination of a rich repertoire some still regard as inscrutable or exclusive. Yet as the genre continues to be studied more closely, it appears to represent a more important factor behind the evolution of nineteenth-century musical culture than many had thought. Indeed, close contextual study of the literature suggests themélodie served as a conduit and disseminator for the Symbolist aesthetic, which, in turn, prompted the emergence of Modernism in late-nineteenth-century France. Conceptual reconciliation might start here.
探索诗歌文本的体裁,掌握恰当的发音,成为更有自信的翻译者。他对鲜为人知的文学和作曲家的倡导,以及他博学多才、激动人心和技巧的融合,肯定会被新兴艺术家效仿。事实上,学者们倾向于在这里找到刺激新研究的线索。然而,格式和内容的某些方面吸引了人们的注意。例如,在所有33章的开头,加上引言,以及通常在前面的内容中都会出现版权声明,这是没有明显原因的。文本和翻译中的错位有时会使仔细研究变得尴尬。最后,一些术语的不精确性仍然没有得到承认。尽管如此,这本书为那些对梅洛迪感到好奇的人提供了一个如此亲切的主题介绍,以至于这些争论基本上相对次要。也许《知音》的标志性成就是它对丰富曲目的引人入胜的诠释,有些人仍然认为这是难以理解或排他性的。然而,随着对这一流派的研究不断深入,它似乎代表了19世纪音乐文化演变背后的一个比许多人想象的更重要的因素。事实上,对文学的密切语境研究表明,它们是象征主义美学的渠道和传播者,而象征主义审美反过来又促使了19世纪末法国现代主义的出现。概念上的和解可能从这里开始。
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引用次数: 0
The Current State of Digital Musical Materials in Japan 日本数字音乐素材的现状
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1479409822000052
Yasuko Tsukahara
In Japan, there is an abundance of materials related to the various genres of traditional music that were established in each of the historical periods, from ancient times to the present day, that have been handed down and preserved. After the Meiji Period (1868–1912), in which Western musical practice took root within Japan, materials related to Western music began to accumulate concurrently with those related to traditional music. The fact that up until the present day, both of these types of materials have been preserved and passed down together, is a significant and unique feature of Japan’s musical materials heritage. In this way, on account of their precious value alone, the emphasis on the preservation of these musical materials rather than their exhibition or utilization, has been strong. As a result, the complexities of the procedures for perusing and duplicating library materials up until the twentieth century have at times been a barrier to research. This situation changed dramatically at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as the National Diet Library embarked upon an ambitious programme of digitalization of and granting of access to materials in its possession. In this essay, I consider the digital materials related to the research of nineteenth century music found in the National Diet Library Digital Collections and other libraries and archives. The materials fall into four categories: (A) books (including printed scores), (B) audio materials (among which digitized 78rpm records are prevalent), (C) searchable databases and (D) other materials. I hope that the exhaustive use of these digital materials will open up new fields of research into Japanese music.
在日本,从古代到今天,每个历史时期都有大量与各种传统音乐流派有关的材料流传下来并保存下来。明治时期(1868-1912),西方音乐实践在日本生根发芽后,与西方音乐相关的材料开始与传统音乐相关的物质同时积累。直到今天,这两种类型的材料都被保存下来并一起流传下来,这是日本音乐材料遗产的一个重要而独特的特征。这样一来,仅仅因为它们的珍贵价值,人们就强烈强调保护这些音乐材料,而不是展览或利用它们。因此,直到20世纪,阅读和复制图书馆材料的程序的复杂性有时成为研究的障碍。这种情况在21世纪初发生了巨大变化,因为国家议会图书馆开始了一项雄心勃勃的计划,对其拥有的材料进行数字化并允许访问。在这篇文章中,我考虑了在国家饮食图书馆数字藏品和其他图书馆和档案馆中发现的与19世纪音乐研究相关的数字材料。这些材料分为四类:(A)书籍(包括印刷乐谱)、(B)音频材料(其中数字化的78rpm记录很普遍)、(C)可搜索数据库和(D)其他材料。我希望这些数字材料的详尽使用将为日本音乐的研究开辟新的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Theorizing Trauma and Music in the Long Nineteenth Century 论19世纪漫长的创伤与音乐
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.1017/S1479409822000039
M. Meinhart, Jillian C. Rogers
Investigations of how people have used music to represent, perform, enact and cope with trauma have proliferated in the last decade, although these have often focused on post-World War II musicians and musical phenomena. This work has engaged various methodologies and drawn on myriad bodies of trauma theory in order to better understand the relationships between music and trauma for Holocaust survivors, Cold War- and glasnost-era Eastern European musicians and civilians and soldiers in Iraq. However, despite the growing interest in trauma within music scholarship, scant attention has been paid to relationships between musical phenomena and trauma prior to World War II. And yet, the wars, revolutions, forced displacement, slavery and imperialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries make these years some of the most violent in the histories of modern Europe and the Americas, and thus some of the most important to address when asking questions regarding relationships between music and trauma. In this special issue's introductory essay, we consider why pre-twentieth century musicians and repertoires have historically not been addressed in scholarly literature. In so doing, we outline the aims of the issue; review relevant literature in musicology and trauma studies; discuss the benefits and challenges of applying trauma theory to nineteenth-century music and musicians and provide readers with information on this special issue's collaborative history. Although giving readers a fleshed-out overview of trauma studies from the nineteenth century to present is outside the scope of this article, this introduction nevertheless provides enough background on the status and main ideas of trauma research from the mid-nineteenth century to present day to facilitate comprehension of how the research showcased in this special issue relates to social, historical and political conceptions of trauma.
在过去的十年里,对人们如何使用音乐来表现、表演、表演和应对创伤的调查激增,尽管这些调查往往集中在二战后的音乐家和音乐现象上。这项工作采用了各种方法,并借鉴了无数创伤理论,以便更好地理解音乐与大屠杀幸存者、冷战和开放时代的东欧音乐家以及伊拉克平民和士兵的创伤之间的关系。然而,尽管音乐学术界对创伤越来越感兴趣,但在第二次世界大战之前,人们很少关注音乐现象和创伤之间的关系。然而,十九世纪末和二十世纪初的战争、革命、被迫流离失所、奴隶制和帝国主义使这些年成为现代欧洲和美洲历史上最暴力的几年,因此也是在询问音乐与创伤之间关系时最重要的几年。在本期特刊的介绍性文章中,我们思考了为什么20世纪前的音乐家和曲目在学术文献中历来没有被提及。在这样做的过程中,我们概述了这个问题的目的;回顾音乐学和创伤研究的相关文献;讨论将创伤理论应用于19世纪音乐和音乐家的好处和挑战,并为读者提供本特刊合作历史的信息。尽管让读者对19世纪至今的创伤研究有一个更丰富的概述超出了本文的范围,但这篇引言提供了关于19世纪中期至今创伤研究现状和主要思想的足够背景,有助于理解本特刊中展示的研究如何与社会、,创伤的历史和政治观念。
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Salon Music: Case-Studies in Analysis 重新思考沙龙音乐:个案分析
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1017/S1479409821000495
Anja Bunzel, S. Wollenberg
Nineteenth-century salon culture has received important attention in recent years with regard to examining the nature and function of the salon as an institution, together with notions of the salonesque. Social gatherings of this kind provided for the participants a semi-public, non-commercial and inclusive space. Typically music played a key role in the gatherings; however, the extent of its cultivation, and the compositional and technical degree of complexity involved, varied according to the individual circumstances. While, on the one hand, Robert Schumann in 1841 dismissed ‘salon music’ as too sentimental and intellectually dull, on the other hand Johann Christian Lobe warned in 1853 that we should not generalize about the music performed in salons. Lobe supported his plea by giving examples of salon music possessing more than ephemeral qualities: he instanced Schumann’s Kinderszenen, Beethoven’s Bagatelles, Weber’s Aufforderung zum Tanze Op. 65, Schubert’s marches for four-hand piano, and Mendelssohn’s Lieder ohne Worte. Lobe’s list and Schumann’s concerns point to two problems: first, the definition of ‘salon music’ is far from clear; and secondly, the range of aesthetic and technical aspects related to musical performance in salons is diffuse. Ballstaedt attempted to capture the nuances of the ‘serious’ and the ‘popular’within this context by differentiating between ‘music for the salon’, consisting of light-hearted music composed for the purpose of entertainment, and ‘music in salons’, encompassing all music which could be heard
近年来,19世纪沙龙文化受到了重要的关注,人们将沙龙作为一种机构的性质和功能,以及沙龙风格的概念进行了研究。这种社交聚会为参与者提供了一个半公共的、非商业的、包容的空间。通常,音乐在聚会中起着关键作用;然而,它的培养程度,以及所涉及的组成和技术复杂程度,根据个人情况而有所不同。一方面,罗伯特·舒曼(Robert Schumann)在1841年认为“沙龙音乐”过于煽情和智力迟钝,另一方面,约翰·克里斯蒂安·波勒(Johann Christian Lobe)在1853年警告说,我们不应该对沙龙演奏的音乐进行概括。为了支持他的请求,波勒列举了一些沙龙音乐的例子,这些音乐不仅仅具有短暂的品质:舒曼的《孩子》、贝多芬的《小小奏》、韦伯的《探泽曲》作品65、舒伯特的四手钢琴进行曲和门德尔松的《抒情》。波勒的名单和舒曼的担忧指向两个问题:首先,“沙龙音乐”的定义远不明确;其次,与沙龙音乐表演有关的美学和技术方面的范围是分散的。Ballstaedt试图通过区分“沙龙音乐”和“沙龙音乐”来捕捉“严肃”和“流行”之间的细微差别,“沙龙音乐”是指为娱乐目的而创作的轻松音乐,而“沙龙音乐”则包括所有可以听到的音乐
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引用次数: 0
‘The Concertina's Deadly Work in the Trenches’: Soundscapes of Suffering in the South African War “手风琴在战壕中的致命工作”:南非战争中痛苦的音景
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI: 10.1017/S1479409822000040
Erin Johnson-Williams
Under the recurring headline ‘the Concertina's Deadly Work in the Trenches’, several British newspapers reported in early 1900 that, during the ongoing siege of Mafeking, British army concertina players were capturing enemy soldiers by simply playing strains of the concertina to distract them out of their hiding places. ‘One is sorry to learn that the art of music should be pressed into service to lure persons to destruction’, a commentator in the Musical News noted, but then, it was rationalized, ‘all's fair in war’. This hybrid use of the concertina during the South African War was further employed as a metaphor for the decay of the physical body itself: as has been noted by Elizabeth van Heyningen, food in Boer concentration camps was so meagre that the meat served to prisoners was once described as coming from a ‘carcase [who] looks like a concertina drawn out fully with all the wind knocked out’. Likewise, Krebs (1999) has discussed the presence of the concertina in the trenches as an example of contemporaneous stereotypes about the susceptibility of Boer soldiers to music in relation to perceived notions that they were backwards and easily manipulated. Drawing upon references to music – particularly the ubiquitous, anthropomorphised, instrument of the concertina – in concentration camps during the South African War, this paper will situate the use of British military music at the dawn of the twentieth century within the framework of trauma studies, proposing that the soundscapes of imperial war were implicitly tinged with traces of physical suffering.
1900年初,几家英国报纸以“协奏曲在战壕中的致命工作”为标题报道称,在对马费金的围攻中,英国军队的手风琴演奏者只是通过演奏手风琴的曲调来分散敌方士兵的注意力,以此来抓捕敌方士兵《音乐新闻》的一位评论员指出,人们很遗憾地得知,音乐艺术应该被用来引诱人们走向毁灭,但后来,它被合理化了,“战争中一切都是公平的”。在南非战争期间,手风琴的这种混合使用被进一步用作身体本身腐烂的隐喻:正如伊丽莎白·范·海宁根所指出的,布尔集中营的食物非常少得可怜,以至于给囚犯吃的肉曾经被描述为来自“一个看起来像被风吹倒的手风琴的尸体”。同样,Krebs(1999)讨论了战壕中手风琴的存在,作为同时代关于布尔士兵对音乐的易感性的刻板印象的一个例子,与他们认为自己落后且容易被操纵的观念有关。根据对南非战争期间集中营中音乐的引用,特别是无处不在的、拟人化的手风琴,本文将在创伤研究的框架内,对20世纪初英国军事音乐的使用进行定位,提出帝国战争的音景隐含着身体痛苦的痕迹。
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引用次数: 0
Ohé! les p'tits agneaux!: A Parisian revue de fin d'année for 1857, edited by Richard Sherr. Recent Researches in the Music of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries 82–83 (Middleton, WI: A-R editions, 2021). Introductory Materials and Act 1. clix + 205pp. $450. Act 2, Act 3, Critical Report, and Appendices. viii + 207pp. $450.
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.1017/s1479409822000064
Callum Blackmore
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引用次数: 0
Notes on Article Contributors 文章投稿人须知
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1479409822000180
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引用次数: 0
NCM volume 19 issue 1 Cover and Back matter NCM第19卷第1期封面和封底
IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1017/s1479409822000192
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引用次数: 0
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Nineteenth-Century Music Review
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