{"title":"Indian Surgical Strike: Implications and Response by Pakistan","authors":"Sana Taha Gondal","doi":"10.31945/iprij.200204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.200204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46808209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, technological advancements have caused various environmental issues. To contend with them, the concept of Green Finance was introduced which envisages that both public and private sectors should establish linkages between technological development, innovation, and the greening of the economy to explore untapped opportunities for economic growth. Subsequently, every country has focused on establishing green finance policies. However, the processes associated with following the new methods of financing in developed countries are easier to follow when compared with developing countries. The State Bank of Pakistan has recently introduced green banking policies with an aim to reduce the vulnerability of banks from risks arising from the environment, fulfill their responsibility for protecting the environment, and to provide financing to transform the economy. This article analyses the green finance mechanism for sustainable development in Pakistan by exploring the supply side of the green banking approach, which includes various issues faced by banks/DFIs, and the demand side, which refers to the compliance of green banking practices by the borrowers. It also reviews the policies that developing countries have implemented to initiate Green Finance and report that China and India are far better at formulating and implementing green banking practices. However, Pakistan is in the early stages of developing and formulating its Green Banking Strategy and this study provides suggestions for the implementation of such practices.
{"title":"Green Finance for Sustainable Development in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Zubair Mumtaz, Z. Smith","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190201","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, technological advancements have caused various environmental issues. To contend with them, the concept of Green Finance was introduced which envisages that both public and private sectors should establish linkages between technological development, innovation, and the greening of the economy to explore untapped opportunities for economic growth. Subsequently, every country has focused on establishing green finance policies. However, the processes associated with following the new methods of financing in developed countries are easier to follow when compared with developing countries. The State Bank of Pakistan has recently introduced green banking policies with an aim to reduce the vulnerability of banks from risks arising from the environment, fulfill their responsibility for protecting the environment, and to provide financing to transform the economy. This article analyses the green finance mechanism for sustainable development in Pakistan by exploring the supply side of the green banking approach, which includes various issues faced by banks/DFIs, and the demand side, which refers to the compliance of green banking practices by the borrowers. It also reviews the policies that developing countries have implemented to initiate Green Finance and report that China and India are far better at formulating and implementing green banking practices. However, Pakistan is in the early stages of developing and formulating its Green Banking Strategy and this study provides suggestions for the implementation of such practices.","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44200630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incrementalism, Normalisation, Partnership and Reassurance: PRC’s Quest for Success in the 1990s","authors":"M. Shoaib, Ahmad Sabat, Saira Aquil","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48668359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"India’s Growing Influence in the Gulf States: Political, Strategic and Economic Risks for Pakistan","authors":"Khurram Abbas","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the world continues to watch, India and Israel continue their military control over Kashmir and Palestine respectively, resulting in two of the most protracted and deadliest conflicts with strong parallels. The United Nations (UN) Resolutions, 194 and 242 in the context of the Palestine-Israeli dispute; and UN Resolutions of August 13, 1948 and January 5, 1949 in the context of the Kashmir dispute, advocate the right of selfdetermination for Palestinians and Kashmiris, respectively. However, they have not been implemented to date. This article compares the two significant disputes by employing the Youth Bulge Theory to demonstrate that although both disputed territories are situated in different regions, yet their youth share similar accounts of subjugation, which have culminated in similar atrocities and massive crackdown on them by occupying forces. It has led to increased violence, deaths and frustration, producing generations of young freedom fighters involved in a political struggle. A comparative analysis draws on similarities and dissimilarities between these two disputes. * The author is Dean of Faculty of Contemporary Studies, Professor and HOD of the Department of International Relations at the National Defence University, Pakistan. She can be contacted at: lubnaali_54@hotmail.com. ** The author is part of the visiting faculty at the National Defence University, Pakistan. She can be contacted at: sanakitchlew@gmail.com. _____________________ @2019 by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute. IPRI Journal XIX (2): 120-148. https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190205. ‘South Asian Palestine’ and ‘Middle Eastern Kashmir’: Case Studies of Occupation Forces and Crackdown on Youth IPRI JOURNAL SUMMER 2019 121
{"title":"‘South Asian Palestine’ and ‘Middle Eastern Kashmir’: Parallel Case Studies of Occupation Forces and Crackdown on Youth","authors":"Lubna Abid Ali, Sana Imtiaz Kitchlew","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190205","url":null,"abstract":"As the world continues to watch, India and Israel continue their military control over Kashmir and Palestine respectively, resulting in two of the most protracted and deadliest conflicts with strong parallels. The United Nations (UN) Resolutions, 194 and 242 in the context of the Palestine-Israeli dispute; and UN Resolutions of August 13, 1948 and January 5, 1949 in the context of the Kashmir dispute, advocate the right of selfdetermination for Palestinians and Kashmiris, respectively. However, they have not been implemented to date. This article compares the two significant disputes by employing the Youth Bulge Theory to demonstrate that although both disputed territories are situated in different regions, yet their youth share similar accounts of subjugation, which have culminated in similar atrocities and massive crackdown on them by occupying forces. It has led to increased violence, deaths and frustration, producing generations of young freedom fighters involved in a political struggle. A comparative analysis draws on similarities and dissimilarities between these two disputes. * The author is Dean of Faculty of Contemporary Studies, Professor and HOD of the Department of International Relations at the National Defence University, Pakistan. She can be contacted at: lubnaali_54@hotmail.com. ** The author is part of the visiting faculty at the National Defence University, Pakistan. She can be contacted at: sanakitchlew@gmail.com. _____________________ @2019 by the Islamabad Policy Research Institute. IPRI Journal XIX (2): 120-148. https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190205. ‘South Asian Palestine’ and ‘Middle Eastern Kashmir’: Case Studies of Occupation Forces and Crackdown on Youth IPRI JOURNAL SUMMER 2019 121","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45101005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear minimalism calls for a limited utility of nuclear weapons as objects of ensuring security. It is a concept not commonly debated. However, it has remained an important part of India’s strategic thought and the country continues to struggle with maintaining a balance between the concept and its increasing nuclear ambitions. In fact, New Delhi’s rapid strategic developments prove that nuclear minimalism has been used as a smokescreen to allow it to pursue these developments. This article seeks to understand the contours of India’s nuclear doctrine through the prism of nuclear minimalism and its (in)efficacy in keeping nuclear expansion in check.
{"title":"India’s Nuclear Minimalism: Looking Through the Smokescreen","authors":"A. Abbasi","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190202","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear minimalism calls for a limited utility of nuclear weapons as objects of ensuring security. It is a concept not commonly debated. However, it has remained an important part of India’s strategic thought and the country continues to struggle with maintaining a balance between the concept and its increasing nuclear ambitions. In fact, New Delhi’s rapid strategic developments prove that nuclear minimalism has been used as a smokescreen to allow it to pursue these developments. This article seeks to understand the contours of India’s nuclear doctrine through the prism of nuclear minimalism and its (in)efficacy in keeping nuclear expansion in check.","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44318040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Whole-of-Nation’ Approach and its Impacts: Case of the 2009 Swat Crisis in Pakistan","authors":"S. Ahmad","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48686580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is seized with membership applications of India and Pakistan. It is the first time in the history of the NSG that two non-State Parties to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and nuclear armed neighbours, are simultaneously vying to become NSG members. Owing to the complexity of the issue, the NSG has chosen a cautious path to discuss ‘technical, legal and political’ aspects of their membership in the broader context of non-NPT states before considering specific applications. This article begins by tracing the evolution of the NSG and the expansion in its membership to determine if nonNPT status and NSG membership are in anyway reconcilable. Its main section, then, examines several underlying issues within these ‘critical’ aspects. It concludes that the issue of NSG membership for India and Pakistan provides a rare opportunity that can not only help universalise global nonproliferation norms but may also contribute to stability in South Asia.
{"title":"NSG Membership for India and Pakistan: Debating ‘Critical’ Aspects","authors":"Muhammad Waseem","doi":"10.31945/IPRIJ.190101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/IPRIJ.190101","url":null,"abstract":"The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is seized with membership applications of India and Pakistan. It is the first time in the history of the NSG that two non-State Parties to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and nuclear armed neighbours, are simultaneously vying to become NSG members. Owing to the complexity of the issue, the NSG has chosen a cautious path to discuss ‘technical, legal and political’ aspects of their membership in the broader context of non-NPT states before considering specific applications. This article begins by tracing the evolution of the NSG and the expansion in its membership to determine if nonNPT status and NSG membership are in anyway reconcilable. Its main section, then, examines several underlying issues within these ‘critical’ aspects. It concludes that the issue of NSG membership for India and Pakistan provides a rare opportunity that can not only help universalise global nonproliferation norms but may also contribute to stability in South Asia.","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42271178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakistan-Russia relations have a complex history of divergences, contradictions and ambiguities that heightened during the Cold War and subsequent era of Afghan Jihad. However, the gradual rapprochement that paved the way for institutionalised engagement started after Pakistan joined the war against terrorism. Based on secondary review of academic and online sources, this article explores how relations between the two countries evolved from estrangement to institutional engagement, with a special focus on why this relationship is significant for both. Economic, energy, defence, counterterrorism, and socio-cultural domains are the important variables that are discussed. Given existing geopolitical compulsions like Moscow‟s quest for playing a decisive role in Afghanistan‟s security calculus; Pakistan‟s pursuit for coming out of the United States‟ straitjacket and finding alternative regional partners offer the reasons, challenges and outlook in shaping prospective ties. It is argued that Pakistan-Russia ties are likely to improve in the future, especially in terms of economic, defence and counterterrorism cooperation.
{"title":"Pakistan-Russia Relations Redux: From Estrangement to Pragmatism","authors":"M. Khan","doi":"10.31945/iprij.190103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31945/iprij.190103","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan-Russia relations have a complex history of divergences, contradictions and ambiguities that heightened during the Cold War and subsequent era of Afghan Jihad. However, the gradual rapprochement that paved the way for institutionalised engagement started after Pakistan joined the war against terrorism. Based on secondary review of academic and online sources, this article explores how relations between the two countries evolved from estrangement to institutional engagement, with a special focus on why this relationship is significant for both. Economic, energy, defence, counterterrorism, and socio-cultural domains are the important variables that are discussed. Given existing geopolitical compulsions like Moscow‟s quest for playing a decisive role in Afghanistan‟s security calculus; Pakistan‟s pursuit for coming out of the United States‟ straitjacket and finding alternative regional partners offer the reasons, challenges and outlook in shaping prospective ties. It is argued that Pakistan-Russia ties are likely to improve in the future, especially in terms of economic, defence and counterterrorism cooperation.","PeriodicalId":41363,"journal":{"name":"IPRI Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46570949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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