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The general context of educational institutions "an indicator of quality and effectiveness " 教育机构的总体情况 "质量和效率指标"
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2024.5912
Tebbouche Sabrina
The general context of the educational institution is an indicator of schooling conditions, given the role played by the school environment in its physical and academic aspects, according to international studies and reports. The report of the American Association of Education Managers stressed the importance of improving the quality of school buildings, which can only be achieved by providing a safe and comfortable environment for the student.It should be mentioned that many governments and states have taken care of school buildings as an important axis of the educational process in all its elements. The interaction between these elements and school buildings in all their physical and moral domains such as: halls, ventilation, lighting, toilets, benches, blackboards, course and other equipment affects the quality of education and its quantitative and qualitative resultsThere are indications that the quality of school buildings has a significant impact on school outcomes and overall school performance. There are also references to the importance of the building’s design and shape in academic success as well as its importance for teacher performance, integration and appropriate interaction with their students.
根据国际研究和报告,鉴于学校环境在物质和学术方面所起的作用,教育机构的总体环境是学校教育条件的一个指标。美国教育管理者协会的报告强调了提高校舍质量的重要性,只有为学生提供安全舒适的环境才能实现这一目标。有迹象表明,校舍质量对教学成果和学校的整体表现有重大影响。还有人提到校舍的设计和形状对学业成功的重要性,以及对教师的表现、融入和与学生适当互动的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of A Proposed Unit in Science in Light of the Next Generation Scientific Education Standards (NGSS) in Developing Scientific Concepts for Visually Impaired Students in the Preparatory Stage 根据《下一代科学教育标准》(NGSS)提出的科学单元在为预备阶段的视障学生发展科学概念方面的成效
Pub Date : 2024-01-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2024.598
Prof.Marwa Mohamed Elbaz, Dr. Nahed Elsayed Eid Issa
The current research aimed to know the effectiveness of a proposed unit in science in light of the Next Generation Scientific Education Standards (NGSS) in developing scientific concepts for Visually Impaired Students in the preparatory stage. Remember, understanding and application, the experimental method with a quasi-experimental design was used for one group with a tribal and dimensional measurement, and the research tool was applied before and after and the proposed unit was applied, and the research reached a number of results, including: the scarcity of research in the field of science curricula for the visually impaired in general, and in light of the standards of scientific education For the next generation in particular, and the science curricula for the visually impaired have not received any development to suit the needs of the visually impaired and coincide with modern trends in science curricula, in addition to the effectiveness of the proposed unit in science in light of the Next Generation Scientific Education Standards (NGSS) in developing scientific concepts for students The visually impaired in the preparatory stage, where the study showed that the Z value is statistically significant at the level of 0.05, which indicates There is a difference between the mean scores of the students of the research group in the pre and post applications to test scientific concepts in favor of the post application.
本研究旨在了解根据《下一代科学教育标准》(NGSS)提出的科学单元在为预备阶段的视障学生发展科学概念方面的有效性。记住、理解和应用,采用了准实验设计的实验方法,以部落和维度测量为一组,在应用拟议单元前后应用了研究工具,研究得出了一些结果,包括: 1:针对视障人士的科学课程研究匮乏,特别是根据下一代科学教育的标准,针对视障 人士的科学课程没有得到任何发展,以适应视障人士的需求,并与现代科学课程 的发展趋势相吻合、此外,根据《下一代科学教育标准》(NGSS),拟议的科学单元在为处于预备阶段 的视障学生发展科学概念方面的有效性,研究表明,Z 值在 0.05,这表明研究组学生在科学概念测试应用前和应用后的平均分之间存在差异,应用后的学生得分更高。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers' training needs to respond to psychological needs of students with disability in line with inclusive education 教师培训需要回应残疾学生的心理需求,符合全纳教育的要求
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.487
R. S. Yaghi
The study aimed to identify the training needs of teachers who have students with motor disabilities at their classes, as well as arranging these training needs, which may contribute to the preparation of any future training program. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method to describe and analyse the problem of the study in the hope of raising the level of awareness of stakeholders to the training needs of the study sample, which consisted of (n=87) male and female teachers. The main study tool was employed, which is a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The scale contains thirty phrases distributed over five dimensions. These dimensions represent training topics. The results showed that the relative weight of the training needs to develop teachers' knowledge and skills in schools amounted to (71.2%), and this indicates that the level of teachers' awareness of ways to respond to the emotional needs of students with motor disabilities was at a moderate degree. Since the low relative weight in the scale means an increase in the level of teachers’ need for training, then the teachers’ training needs can be arranged according to the dimensions of the training topics from the most need to the least training need as follows: psychological needs, teacher’s role in facilitating the satisfaction of psychological needs, motor disability, psychological needs of students with motor disabilities, and integration and inclusive education. The study came out with some relationships with some variables and some important recommendations for the practice of inclusive education and responding to emotional needs.Keywords: teacher's training needs – teachers respond - psychological needs – students with disabilities - inclusive education
本研究旨在找出有运动障碍学生的教师的培训需求,并安排这些培训需求,这可能有助于为未来的培训计划做准备。研究者使用描述性分析的方法来描述和分析研究的问题,希望提高利益相关者对研究样本的培训需求的认识水平,研究样本包括(n=87)名男女教师。主要的研究工具是由研究者准备的问卷。该音阶包含30个短语,分布在5个维度上。这些维度表示培训主题。结果表明,学校对教师知识技能培养需求的相对权重为(71.2%),说明教师对如何应对运动障碍学生情感需求的认知水平处于中等水平。由于量表中相对权重越低,说明教师的培训需求水平越高,那么教师的培训需求可以按照培训主题的维度从最需要到最不需要依次排列为:心理需求、教师在促进心理需求满足方面的作用、运动障碍、运动障碍学生的心理需求、融合与全纳教育。该研究得出了一些变量之间的关系,并对全纳教育的实践和应对情感需求提出了一些重要建议。关键词:教师培训需求教师反应心理需求残障学生全纳教育
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引用次数: 0
Employing rhetoric arts in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers Rhyme as a model 以韵文为例,运用修辞艺术对非母语人士进行阿拉伯语教学
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.486
Dr. Ahmed Hassan Mohamed Ali
Rhetoric enjoys a distinguished position among the branches of the Arabic language due to its multiple contributions to fostering literary appreciation, providing students with concepts and facts, providing them with words and structures, as well as developing their vocabulary reference that qualifies them to master the Arabic language and acquire competence. The Arabic rhetoric is divided into al-Bayân, al-Badî’ and al-ma’âni, and rhyme falls within the subjects of al-Badî’ (beautifying words and structures).Given the place of rhyme among the rhetorical arts, we note its association with various areas of life from the pre-Islamic era to our present time; We also note its association with the components of culture in the areas of modern social life, such as art, sports, media, traditional chants and even transportation. Despite this importance, rhyme does not receive attention in textbooks for teaching Arabic to non-native speakers and is taught in the form of isolated topics away from communicative use.Based on the foregoing, this research aims to highlight the relationship between the art of rhyme and the various fields of culture, and also aims to provide a vision for employing the art of rhyme in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. To achieve this, the research was divided into three main sections; The first section presents the definition of assonance and its place among the sciences of rhetoric, the second section reviews the relationship of the art of assonance to the fields of culture, and the third section highlights ways to employ the art of assonance in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers.The research uses the descriptive analytical method to achieve its objectives, which can be identified in the following two questions:1-What is the relationship of the art of rhyme with the fields of modern social life?2 -How can rhyme be used in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers?The research concludes with a list of findings and recommendations related to the research topic.Keywords: rhetoric - rhyme - Arabic language - non-Arabic speakers
修辞学在阿拉伯语分支中享有卓越的地位,因为它在培养文学鉴赏,为学生提供概念和事实,为他们提供词汇和结构,以及发展他们的词汇参考方面做出了多方面的贡献,使他们有资格掌握阿拉伯语并获得能力。阿拉伯语修辞学分为al- bay n、al-Badî '和al-ma ' ni,押韵属于al-Badî '(美化词语和结构)的主题。鉴于押韵在修辞艺术中的地位,我们注意到它与从前伊斯兰时代到我们现在的各个生活领域的联系;我们还注意到它与现代社会生活领域的文化组成部分,如艺术、体育、媒体、传统圣歌甚至交通的联系。尽管押韵很重要,但在向非母语人士教授阿拉伯语的教科书中,押韵并没有得到重视,而是以孤立的主题形式教授,远离交际用途。在此基础上,本研究旨在强调韵脚艺术与文化各领域之间的关系,并为运用韵脚艺术向非母语人士教授阿拉伯语提供一个远景。为了实现这一目标,研究分为三个主要部分;第一部分介绍了辅音的定义及其在修辞学中的地位,第二部分回顾了辅音艺术与文化领域的关系,第三部分重点介绍了在向非母语人士教授阿拉伯语时运用辅音艺术的方法。为了达到研究的目的,本文采用了描述性分析的方法,可以通过以下两个问题来确定:1 .韵文艺术与现代社会生活领域的关系是什么?如何在向非母语人士教授阿拉伯语时使用押韵?该研究总结了一系列与研究主题相关的发现和建议。关键词:修辞学-韵脚-阿拉伯语-非阿拉伯语
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引用次数: 0
The effectiveness of digital learning and teaching skills in light of the similarity's strategy in acquisition scientific concepts and science fiction in science among second-grade intermediate students in Makkah Al-Mukarramah 麦加穆卡拉玛中学二年级学生在科学概念习得和科学幻想习得方面的相似性策略下的数字化学与教技能的有效性
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.484
Dr. Haneyah Abdullah Saadawi
The study aimed to verify the effectiveness of digital learning and teaching skills in light of the similarity's strategy in acquisition scientific concepts and science fiction in science among second-grade intermediate students in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. I used Quasi- Experimental Method design, one of whom represented the experimental group (30) female students, and the other represented the control group (28) female students. The research experiment was applied in the first semester 1442 AH. The concepts and science fiction test prepared by the researcher was applied to the students of the experimental and control groups, before and after , the present scientific material was taught to the control group in a way of explaining concepts according to the usual strategy, while the similarities strategy was applied using learning skills and digital education to the experimental group, and the data was treated statistically using the (SPSS) ,T-tests were used, the findings show that there are statistically significant differences at (α ≥ 0.05) between the students of the two groups in favor of the experimental group, recommending expanding the use of the similarities strategy using digital learning and teaching skills to improve the students’ understanding of concepts and their scientific imagination included in the science course for the second intermediate grade and other courses.Key words: Similarities - Scientific Concepts - Science Fiction - Second Grade Intermediate - Learning Skills and Digital Education
本研究旨在验证麦加穆卡拉玛中学二年级学生在科学概念习得和科学幻想习得方面的相似性策略对数字化学习和教学技能的有效性。我采用准实验方法设计,其中一个代表实验组(30名)女学生,另一个代表对照组(28名)女学生。本研究实验应用于1442学年第一学期。研究人员准备的概念和科幻测试应用于实验组和对照组的学生,在实验前后,按照通常的策略以解释概念的方式向对照组教授现有的科学材料,而实验组则使用学习技能和数字教育的相似性策略,数据使用(SPSS)进行统计处理,使用t检验。研究结果表明,两组学生之间存在统计学差异(α≥0.05),有利于实验组,建议扩大相似性策略的使用,利用数字学与教技能来提高学生对概念的理解和科学想象力,包括在初二科学课程和其他课程中。关键词:相似性-科学概念-科幻小说-初二-学习技能与数字教育
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引用次数: 0
Artistic aesthetics and educational dimensions of literary text between the paper mediator and the interactive digital mediator 文学文本的艺术美学与教育维度:介于纸媒介与互动数字媒介之间
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.481
Dr. Reem ahmed abd alazeem
The relationship between literature and technology has excreted new production of texts, based on the correlation and the interaction which depend on utilizing various sources (text, image, sound, movement, movie scene, punctuation, drawing... etc.). Hence, what is called "digital interactive literature" has appeared, within a vision that seeks to renew awareness of the literary text and its production.Effective changes in the literary field occurred due to the linkage between technological invention and literature. The mechanisms of literary text production and its reception have changed and modified both levels of the artistic vision and the creative perspective. Moreover, new literary texts appeared in which the paper creative mediator has been replaced by the electronic mediator and the paper creative person has been transferred to a digital creative person. The components of the creative process (the reader and the text) have also been changed due to the change like this transformation. In addition, these successive developments carried new challenges for the creative person and literary students alike.Hence, this paper came to shed light on the features of digital interactive literature and its essence, then it will clarify the difference between paper literature and digital literature, as well as this paper also will be exposed the characteristics and advantages of digital literature, and then it will focus on the nature of the recipient and the extent of his participation, effectiveness, and responsibility in digital interactive literature as the paper will highlight the technical and aesthetic dimensions of digital literature. Also, the educational and pedagogical dimensions related to such a form of literature. The paper revolves around the importance of digital interactive literature for children. Finally, the paper will be appended by some recommendations emendated from the nature of digital interactive literature and its necessity in the educational process.Keywords: Digital interactive literature – Paper literature – Artistic aesthetics of digital literature – Educational dimensions of digital literature.
文学与技术的关系产生了新的文本生产,这种生产是基于各种来源(文本、图像、声音、动作、电影场景、标点符号、绘图……)的相互关联和相互作用。等等)。因此,所谓的“数字互动文学”出现了,在一种寻求更新文学文本及其生产意识的愿景中。由于技术发明与文学之间的联系,文学领域发生了有效的变化。文学文本的产生和接受机制在艺术视野和创作视角两个层面上都发生了变化和修正。此外,出现了新的文学文本,其中纸质创作中介被电子中介所取代,纸质创作人被转移到数字创作人。创作过程的组成部分(读者和文本)也因为这种转变而发生了变化。此外,这些连续的发展也给创作人员和文学学生带来了新的挑战。因此,本文首先阐述了数字互动文学的特征及其本质,然后厘清了纸质文学与数字文学的区别,同时揭示了数字文学的特点和优势,然后重点分析了接受者的性质及其参与程度、有效性、以及数字互动文学的责任,因为本文将突出数字文学的技术和美学维度。此外,与这种文学形式有关的教育和教学方面。这篇论文围绕着数字互动文学对儿童的重要性展开。最后,本文将从数字互动文献的本质及其在教育过程中的必要性出发,提出一些建议。关键词:数字互动文学纸质文学数字文学艺术美学数字文学教育维度
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引用次数: 0
Degree of Public Basic Schools' Principals in Al-Balqa Governorate Practicing the Transformational Leadership and its impact on Developing institutional Performance from The Teachers Point of View Al-Balqa省公立基础学校校长实施变革型领导的程度及其对教师视角下机构绩效发展的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.483
Prof. Dr. Omar Mohammed Al-Kharabsheh, Rania Ali Zeedan Al-Fawa'er
The study aimed to identify the training needs of teachers who have students with motor disabilities at their classes, as well as arranging these training needs, which may contribute to the preparation of any future training program. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method to describe and analyse the problem of the study in the hope of raising the level of awareness of stakeholders to the training needs of the study sample, which consisted of (n=87) male and female teachers. The main study tool was employed, which is a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The scale contains thirty phrases distributed over five dimensions. These dimensions represent training topics. The results showed that the relative weight of the training needs to develop teachers' knowledge and skills in schools amounted to (71.2%), and this indicates that the level of teachers' awareness of ways to respond to the emotional needs of students with motor disabilities was at a moderate degree. Since the low relative weight in the scale means an increase in the level of teachers’ need for training, then the teachers’ training needs can be arranged according to the dimensions of the training topics from the most need to the least training need as follows: psychological needs, teacher’s role in facilitating the satisfaction of psychological needs, motor disability, psychological needs of students with motor disabilities, and integration and inclusive education. The study came out with some relationships with some variables and some important recommendations for the practice of inclusive education and responding to emotional needs.Keywords: teacher's training needs – teachers respond - psychological needs – students with disabilities - inclusive education
本研究旨在找出有运动障碍学生的教师的培训需求,并安排这些培训需求,这可能有助于为未来的培训计划做准备。研究者使用描述性分析的方法来描述和分析研究的问题,希望提高利益相关者对研究样本的培训需求的认识水平,研究样本包括(n=87)名男女教师。主要的研究工具是由研究者准备的问卷。该音阶包含30个短语,分布在5个维度上。这些维度表示培训主题。结果表明,学校对教师知识技能培养需求的相对权重为(71.2%),说明教师对如何应对运动障碍学生情感需求的认知水平处于中等水平。由于量表中相对权重越低,说明教师的培训需求水平越高,那么教师的培训需求可以按照培训主题的维度从最需要到最不需要依次排列为:心理需求、教师在促进心理需求满足方面的作用、运动障碍、运动障碍学生的心理需求、融合与全纳教育。该研究得出了一些变量之间的关系,并对全纳教育的实践和应对情感需求提出了一些重要建议。关键词:教师培训需求教师反应心理需求残障学生全纳教育
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引用次数: 0
Requirements for Developing Programs and Standards for Science Teacher Preparation in Education Colleges in Light of NSTA 2020 Standards 根据NSTA 2020标准制定教育院校科学教师培养计划与标准的要求
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.482
Prof.Marwa Mohamed Elbaz
her current era is witnessing a tremendous scientific and technological revolution in various fields of life, leading to rapid and consecutive changes that require the development and improvement of the education system in general, and teacher preparation programs in particular. The National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) in the United States has introduced standards for science teacher preparation since 2003, and these standards have been continuously developed until the 2020 version. These standards outline the knowledge and skills that science teachers should possess, serving as fixed evaluation points and an important input in science teacher preparation programs that align with the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). Therefore, the aim of this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, is to clarify the theoretical frameworks of NSTA standards, identify the current status of science teacher preparation standards in education colleges in Egypt, propose standards for science teacher preparation in education colleges in Egypt in light of NSTA 2020 standards, and extract the requirements for developing science teacher preparation programs in education colleges in Egypt based on NSTA standards. The study recommends the periodic modification of science teacher preparation standards in Egypt to keep pace with the knowledge related to science, technology, teaching, and society. This should be done by experts in the field of science education, taking into account the advancements in science and alignment with international standards such as NGSS and NSTA standards.Keywords: Teacher preparation program, science teacher preparation standards, National Science Teachers Association 2020 standards NSTA.
她所处的时代正见证着一场巨大的科技革命在生活的各个领域,导致快速和连续的变化,这需要发展和改进整个教育系统,特别是教师培训计划。美国国家科学教师协会(NSTA)从2003年开始推出科学教师准备标准,这些标准一直在不断发展,直到2020年的版本。这些标准概述了科学教师应具备的知识和技能,作为固定的评估点和与下一代科学标准(NGSS)相一致的科学教师培训计划的重要投入。因此,本研究采用描述性分析方法,旨在厘清NSTA标准的理论框架,识别埃及教育学院科学教师培养标准的现状,并根据NSTA 2020标准提出埃及教育学院科学教师培养标准,提取基于NSTA标准的埃及教育学院科学教师培养项目的要求。该研究建议定期修改埃及的科学教师准备标准,以跟上与科学、技术、教学和社会相关的知识。这应该由科学教育领域的专家来完成,同时考虑到科学的进步,并与诸如NGSS和NSTA标准等国际标准保持一致。关键词:教师备考项目,科学教师备考标准,全国科学教师协会2020标准
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引用次数: 0
Organizational culture and its relationship to job commitment among employees of the General Directorate of Education in Muscat Governorate, Sultanate of Oman 阿曼苏丹国马斯喀特省教育总局雇员的组织文化及其与工作承诺的关系
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.485
Dr. Radhiya Al-Habsi, Dr. Rabia Almur Aldhuhli
The current study aimed to determine the level of organizational culture availability and the level of job commitment among employees in the General Directorate of Education in the Governorate of Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman. And to identify whether there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (05≥ α) between the arithmetic averages due to the study variables (gender, educational qualification, and years of experience). To achieve the aims of the study, the study used the correlative descriptive approach, in order to answer its questions, a study scales was developed; the first measures the level of organizational culture, while the second measures job commitment. The results were as follows: The level of organizational culture in the General Directorate of Education in the Governorate of Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman was "high and the level of job commitment were high.There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (05≥ α) in the responses of the study sample members to the level of organizational culture, and the level of job commitment due to the variables: gender, and years of experience, And there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 05) due to the educational qualification variable in favor of a bachelor's degree or less and There is a positive, statistically significant relationship between organizational culture and job commitment in all its dimensions, except for the relationship between continuity commitment and all of the beliefs, norms, expectations, and organizational culture as a whole.Keywords: Organizational Culture, Job Commitment, Directorate General of Education, Governorate of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
本研究旨在确定阿曼苏丹国马斯喀特省教育总局雇员的组织文化可用性水平和工作承诺水平。并确定由于研究变量(性别、教育程度和工作年限),算术平均值之间是否存在统计学显著性差异(0.05≥α)。为了达到研究目的,本研究采用了相关描述的方法,为了回答其问题,制定了研究量表;前者衡量组织文化水平,后者衡量工作承诺。结果如下:阿曼苏丹国马斯喀特省教育总局的组织文化水平“很高,工作承诺水平也很高”。研究样本成员对组织文化水平和工作承诺水平的回答在显著性水平(05≥α)上没有显著性差异,原因是:学历变量倾向于本科及以下,在显著性水平上存在显著性差异(α≥05);组织文化与工作承诺在各维度上均存在显著性正相关,除连续性承诺与信念、规范、期望和组织文化整体存在显著性正相关外。关键词:组织文化,工作承诺,教育总局,马斯喀特省,阿曼苏丹国。
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引用次数: 0
entific research in Libyan universities accomplished and hoped
Pub Date : 2023-07-15 DOI: 10.36772/arid.aijeps.2023.4810
Kamil said wargh
We all realize that scientific research is the basis for building nations in their progress and development, and this is what developed and developing countries previously realized. Scientific research in Libyan universities should be the reference on which Libyan society depends in implementing its scientific, educational, economic as well as political strategies.The importance of this research is that it sheds light on the research in Libyan universities, which, although many of them have been completed, there are still many challenges in Libyan society that need in-depth scientific studies to identify the facts and draw good solutions. This research also aims to identify the challenges and obstacles that hinder the process of scientific research in Libyan universities, their progress, and their development. For this research to achieve its objectives and desired results, we have adopted the analytical descriptive approach, which is the best method for theoretical and clerical research.In this research, it became clear that there are many obstacles and challenges facing scientific research in Libyan universities, including the lack of material capabilities and good support, as well as the lack of scientific research centers that have all capabilities and are affiliated with Libyan universities, as well as the failure to link society and its institutions with scientific research bodies, including Libyan universities, with legislation in force and support to follow the scientific method in implementing all projects aspired to by Libyan society (i.e. science leading society), as well as focusing on experimental applied research and moving away from theoretical research in which the shelves moan without benefiting from them. Thus, we hope that Libyan universities will assume the desired place and degree in the field of scientific research.Keywords: Research - Science - University - Challenges - Obstacles - Society.
我们都认识到,科学研究是国家进步和发展的基础,这是发达国家和发展中国家以前认识到的。利比亚大学的科学研究应成为利比亚社会实施其科学、教育、经济和政治战略的参考。这项研究的重要性在于,它揭示了利比亚大学的研究,尽管其中许多研究已经完成,但利比亚社会仍然存在许多挑战,需要深入的科学研究来确定事实并得出良好的解决方案。这项研究还旨在确定阻碍利比亚大学科学研究进程、它们的进步和发展的挑战和障碍。为了使本研究达到其目的和预期的结果,我们采用了分析描述性方法,这是理论和文书研究的最佳方法。在这项研究中,很明显,利比亚大学的科学研究面临许多障碍和挑战,包括缺乏物质能力和良好的支助,以及缺乏具备所有能力并附属于利比亚大学的科研中心,以及未能将社会及其机构与包括利比亚大学在内的科研机构联系起来。立法生效,并支持按照科学方法执行利比亚社会渴望的所有项目(即科学领导社会),并注重实验性应用研究,摆脱理论研究,因为理论研究只会使架子呻吟,而不会从中受益。因此,我们希望利比亚的大学将在科学研究领域取得理想的地位和学位。关键词:科研——科学——大学——挑战——障碍——社会。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Arid International Journal of Educational and physcological sciences
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