Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )最新文献_第3页

RISK BEHAVIOURS OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS MANAGERS ON MANAGEMENT AND DECISION MAKING PROCESS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION; KIRŞEHIR PROVINCE CASE 农业控股经营者在农业生产经营决策过程中的风险行为KirŞehir省案

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.22194/jgiass/8.880

H. O. Ozdemir, Arzu Kan

引用次数: 2

SEED PRIMING EFFECTS OF COPPER SULPHATE ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN GRAM (Vigna radiata L.) 硫酸铜对绿豆生长特性的引种效应

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.22194/jgiass/8.884

Iqra Akram, M. Tahir, M. Saleem, T. Ahmad, M. Naz, Muhammad Ahmad

引用次数: 1

EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES AGAINST RICE BLAST UNDER FIELD CONDITION IN RICE CROP 稻田条件下不同杀菌剂防治稻瘟病的效果研究

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2020-04-04 DOI: 10.22194/jgiass/8.882

Hafiz Muneeb Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid, Q. Ali, N. Anjum, M. Ayyub, A. Ikram, M. Faisal, Asim Ali, A. Palwasha

引用次数: 3

THE EFFECT OF TWO BACILLUS ISOLATES ON ROOT ELONGATION OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS 两株芽孢杆菌对小麦幼苗根系伸长的影响

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.22194/jgiass/7.878

G. Imriz

Wheat is grown on 20% of the cultivated land area of the world and is a main food resource for 40% of the world’s population (Braun et al., 2010). In 2019, the forecast of wheat production is at nearly 771 million tonnes, 5.6 percent high than previous year’s (FAO, 2019). In 2050, the world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion, thus it is estimated that cereal production needs to increase by 50% by 2030 (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). The wheat production is suffering substantial losses of biotic and abiotic stress factors (Elad and Pertot, 2014; Kan et al., 2017). PGPRs (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) are a group of beneficial bacteria living in the rhizosphere, the phyllosphere, or in the plant tissues as entophytes (Ahemad and Kibret, 2014; Miliutė et al., 2015). PGPRs can promote plant growth against stresses by direct and indirect mechanisms or a combination of both (Ertürk et al., 2010; Siddikee et al., 2010; Kusek and Çınar, 2012; Imriz et al., 2014; Unlu and Aysan, 2016; Telek et al., 2019). Indirect mechanisms comprise the suppression of pathogens through the production of antibiotics and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and the action of siderophores, Inducing Systemic Resistance (ISR), exo-polysaccharides production. Direct mechanisms involve making the natural nutrition source ready to use for plants including fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilisation of phosphorus, potassium and iron; production of siderophores; producing phytohormones like auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, (Ahemad and Kibret, 2014) or by the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase, an enzyme which can hinder the “plant stress ethylene” that is typically arose by a number of environmental stresses such as flooding, extreme temperature, the presence of organic and inorganic toxicants, phytopathogens, drought or high salt concentrations (Cheng et al., 2007; Glick, 2014; Gamalero and Glick, 2015).

小麦占世界耕地面积的20%，是世界40%人口的主要食物资源(Braun et al.， 2010)。2019年小麦产量预测接近7.71亿吨，比上年增长5.6%(粮农组织，2019年)。到2050年，世界人口预计将达到90亿，因此，据估计，到2030年，谷物产量需要增加50% (Alexandratos和Bruinsma, 2012)。小麦生产正遭受生物和非生物胁迫因素的重大损失(Elad and Pertot, 2014;Kan et al.， 2017)。PGPRs (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria)是一类以内生菌的形式生活在根际、根层或植物组织中的有益细菌(Ahemad and Kibret, 2014;miliutkv et al.， 2015)。PGPRs可以通过直接和间接机制或两者的结合促进植物抗胁迫生长(ert rk等，2010;Siddikee et al.， 2010;Kusek and Çınar, 2012;Imriz et al.， 2014;Unlu and Aysan, 2016;Telek et al.， 2019)。间接机制包括通过产生抗生素和细胞外水解酶以及铁载体的作用来抑制病原体，诱导系统抗性(ISR)，外多糖的产生。直接机制包括使天然营养源随时可供植物使用，包括大气氮的固定，磷、钾和铁的溶解;铁载体的产生;产生植物激素，如生长素、细胞分裂素和赤霉素，(Ahemad和Kibret, 2014)或通过1-氨基环丙烷-1羧酸酯(ACC)-脱氨酶的活性，这种酶可以阻碍“植物胁迫乙烯”，这种酶通常由许多环境胁迫引起，如洪水、极端温度、有机和无机有毒物质的存在、植物病原体、干旱或高盐浓度(Cheng等人，2007;格里克,2014;Gamalero and Glick, 2015)。

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引用次数: 1

EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAY OF ZINC SULPHATE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE ON FRUIT QUALITY OF KINNOW MANDARIN (Citrus reticulata BLANCO) 硫酸锌和碳酸钙叶面喷施对金诺柑桔果实品质的影响

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.22194/jgiass/7.875

L. Zaman, W. Shafqat, M. Jaskani

Citrus belongs to family Rutaceae in kingdom Plantae. Pakistan is significant for its production in large scale and worldwide distribution. It has economically remunerative and highly valued fruits, with distinct taste and beneficial values. Juice is soothing, refreshing and delightful (Ahmed et al., 2007). Nutrients are usually quickly available by plants as foliar spray than soil application. Foliar spray of micronutrients is 7-21 times extra effective than applied in soil. ZnSO4 plays an important role in increasing the production by improving the fruit quality and reduce fruit drop. Foliar application of 4 to 12 kg/ha zinc (ZnSO4) gave beneficial effect on chemical and physical attributes of fruits, but the lowest application of Zn indicated the better flavor and juice contents, total sugar and vitamin-C (Altaf and Khan, 2008). Fruit weight, TSS, diameter, ascorbic acid and juice fraction are best obtained at the rate of 0.06% Zn in the form of foliar spray on Kagzi lime (Ashraf et al., 2012). Basically, Zn acts as a metal activator for numerous enzymes, including RNA polymerase carbonic anhydrase, super oxidase dismutase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Zn deficiency limits RNA synthesis, resulting in reduced protein synthesis. It is involved in tryptophan biosynthesis a pre-cursor of auxin (IAA). Zn holds significance importance as imparting sustainability in production/productivity by reducing the fruit drop and granulation. Zinc sprayed at the rate of 0.3-0.8% on 13 years old mango trees at bloom stage gave great enhancement in TSS, total sugars and fruit weight. Foliar application of zinc effect on fruit quality and yield of mango, and increase TSS in fruits and decreased the alternate bearing in Valencia orange and mandarins (Tariq et al., 2007). Calcium plays significant role in sustaining fruits quality, preserving fruit firmness, proliferation of vitamin C, decreased breakdown of storage rotting and reduction in browning of apple. It also defends from membrane disorganization and protects apparent-free space of tissue generally related with senescence and sustains the protein manufacturing capability of cell. Calcium increases the mechanical power of cell wall because it is the main component of cell wall as calcium pectate in plants which play significant role in establishment of pedicel attachment to proximal of fruit thus resulted in reduced fruit drop (Guardiola and Garcia, 2000). Commercially preharvest spray of calcium delays senescence and increase consumer acceptance with less damaging effect during fruit storage (Lester and Grusak, 2004). Smaller amount of calcium carbonate has been effectively used to decrease softening in fresh fruit. High level of calcium contents in fruit may sustain membrane permeability and decrease the process of ripening during storage and it also increase fruit retention because it stimulate the development of lignin and cellulose and stimulate translocation and formation of carbohydrates (Aguayo et al.,

柑桔属植物科芸香科。巴基斯坦因其大规模生产和全球分布而具有重要意义。它具有经济效益和高价值的果实，具有独特的味道和有益价值。果汁是舒缓的，清新的，令人愉快的(Ahmed et al.， 2007)。植物通常通过叶面喷洒比土壤施用更快地获得养分。叶面喷施微量元素的效果是土壤喷施的7-21倍。ZnSO4在提高果实品质、减少落果等方面具有重要的增产作用。叶面施锌4 ~ 12 kg/ hm2对果实的物理和化学性状有显著影响，但施锌量最低的果实风味、果汁含量、总糖和维生素c含量较高(Altaf and Khan, 2008)。在0.06% Zn的条件下，叶面喷施Kagzi lime可获得最佳的果实重量、TSS、直径、抗坏血酸和果汁分数(Ashraf et al.， 2012)。基本上，锌作为许多酶的金属活化剂，包括RNA聚合酶、碳酸酐酶、超氧化酶歧化酶和酒精脱氢酶。锌缺乏限制RNA合成，导致蛋白质合成减少。它参与色氨酸的生物合成，是生长素(IAA)的前体。锌具有重要意义，通过减少果实掉落和粒化来提高生产/生产力的可持续性。在13岁生芒果树开花期以0.3 ~ 0.8%施锌，可显著提高TSS、总糖和果实重。叶面施锌影响芒果果实品质和产量，增加果实TSS，降低瓦伦西亚橙和柑橘的互生结实率(Tariq et al.， 2007)。钙在维持果实品质、保持果实硬度、维生素C增殖、减少贮藏腐烂和减少苹果褐变等方面具有重要作用。它还可以防止细胞膜解体，保护与衰老有关的组织的明显自由空间，维持细胞的蛋白质制造能力。钙增加细胞壁的机械力，因为它是植物细胞壁的主要成分，作为果酸钙，在果实近端花梗附着的建立中起着重要作用，从而减少了果实掉落(Guardiola和Garcia, 2000)。商业采收前喷钙延缓衰老，提高消费者的接受度，减少水果储存期间的破坏性影响(莱斯特和格鲁萨克，2004)。少量碳酸钙可以有效地减少新鲜水果的软化。水果中高水平的钙含量可以维持膜的通透性，并在储存过程中减少成熟过程，还可以增加水果的保留率，因为它刺激木质素和纤维素的发育，刺激碳水化合物的转运和形成(Aguayo等人，2008)。研究了采前叶面施用硫酸锌和钙的效果。创新。阿格利司。Soc。科学。浙江农业学报，2019,7(4):157-161。ISSN (Online): 2311-3839;ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI::https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.875 http://www.jgiass.com

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引用次数: 11

EFFECT OF ARGININE SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND IMMUNITY OF BROILERS: A REVIEW 补充精氨酸对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫力的影响

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.22194/jgiass/7.879

H. M. Abdullah, L. Bielke, Yosra A. Helmy

The increasing demand of animal protein can be fulfilled by raising meat type broiler chicken (Hussain et al., 2015). Broiler meat is a cheap source of animal protein which is available in local market for consumption, but the demand is increasing day by day. For this purpose, different levels of amino acids can be added in feed to improve growth performance, feed conversion ratio (FCR), metabolism and immunity of the broiler birds. Amino acids are building blocks of protein and regulate different pathways which are necessary for growth, maintenance, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and immunity in birds (Ball et al., 2007). Arginine is considered an essential amino acid for poultry because broilers are unable to synthesize arginine due to lack of major key enzymes like ornithine carbamoyl-transferase and hepatic arginase in the urea cycle (Fouad et al., 2013). Arginine plays an important role in protein synthesis, growth, immunity and some metabolic pathway (Khajali and Wideman, 2010). Arginine stimulates the release of insulin, insulin-like growth factor and growth hormone in the bloodstream (Silva et al., 2012). The NRC requirement of arginine is 1.25% from 0 to 21st day and 1.10% from 22 to 42 day of the life of broiler birds. These higher arginine requirement in broiler are because of low synthesis of endogenous arginine and deposition of protein for rapid growth (Ball et al., 2007). Kidd et al. (2001) reported that increasing arginine improved growth performance. Similarly, recent study demonstrated that body weight (BW) and FCR improved in birds with increasing the arginine level in the diet of broilers (Ale Saheb Fosoul et al., 2019). Likewise, Castro et al. (2019) showed that body weight gain (BWG), FCR and FI was more in broilers birds supplemented with arginine. However, decreasing the level of arginine as compare to recommended NRC level results in decrease growth rate and immunity in broilers (Ale Saheb Fosoul et al., 2019; Jiao et al., 2010; ). Jiao et al. (2010) reported that carcass yield, quality and breast muscle yield were lower in birds fed arginine deficient diet. Likewise, Ale Saheb Fosoul et al. (2019) concluded that birds fed arginine deficient diet had lower BW and poor FCR than birds fed optimum arginine diets. However, a compiled data on arginine levels on growth performance, FCR, metabolism and immunity of the broiler birds is not available. This review will provide the brief note on the effect of different levels of arginine on the growth performance, FCR, metabolism and immunity of the broiler birds. Effect of arginine on the growth performance of broilers: Growth performance and BWG is mainly dependent upon the dietary amino acid supplementation which are building blocks J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 2019,7(4): 141-144. ISSN (Online): 2311-3839; ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.879 http://www.jgiass.com

对动物蛋白不断增长的需求可以通过饲养肉型肉鸡来满足(Hussain et al.， 2015)。肉鸡肉是一种廉价的动物蛋白来源，可在当地市场消费，但需求日益增加。为此，可在饲料中添加不同水平的氨基酸，以提高肉仔鸡的生长性能、饲料系数、代谢和免疫力。氨基酸是蛋白质的组成部分，并调节鸟类生长、维持、饲料转化率(FCR)和免疫力所需的不同途径(Ball等，2007年)。精氨酸被认为是家禽必需的氨基酸，因为在尿素循环中缺乏鸟氨酸氨基甲酰转移酶和肝精氨酸酶等主要关键酶，肉鸡无法合成精氨酸(Fouad et al.， 2013)。精氨酸在蛋白质合成、生长、免疫和一些代谢途径中发挥重要作用(Khajali和Wideman, 2010)。精氨酸刺激血液中胰岛素、胰岛素样生长因子和生长激素的释放(Silva et al.， 2012)。肉鸡0 ~ 21日龄精氨酸的NRC需用量为1.25%，22 ~ 42日龄精氨酸需用量为1.10%。肉鸡对精氨酸的较高需求是由于内源精氨酸合成较低和蛋白质沉积以实现快速生长(Ball等，2007)。Kidd et al.(2001)报道，增加精氨酸可以提高生长性能。同样，最近的研究表明，随着肉仔鸡日粮中精氨酸水平的增加，鸟类的体重(BW)和FCR也有所改善(Ale Saheb Fosoul et al.， 2019)。同样，Castro等人(2019)的研究表明，添加精氨酸的肉仔鸡增重(BWG)、FCR和FI更高。然而，与NRC推荐水平相比，降低精氨酸水平会导致肉鸡的生长速度和免疫力下降(Ale Saheb Fosoul等，2019;Jiao等人，2010;)。Jiao等人(2010)报道，饲喂缺乏精氨酸日粮的禽类胴体产量、品质和胸肌产量较低。同样，Ale Saheb Fosoul等人(2019)得出结论，与饲喂最佳精氨酸日粮的鸟类相比，饲喂缺乏精氨酸日粮的鸟类体重较低，饲料效率较差。然而，目前还没有关于精氨酸水平对肉鸡生长性能、饲料转化率、代谢和免疫力的影响的汇编数据。本文就不同水平精氨酸对肉仔鸡生长性能、饲料效率、代谢和免疫力的影响作一综述。精氨酸对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响:生长性能和体重增重主要取决于饲粮中氨基酸的添加，而氨基酸是肉仔鸡的基本组成部分。创新。阿格利司。Soc。科学。浙江农业学报，2019,7(4):141-144。ISSN (Online): 2311-3839;ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.879 http://www.jgiass.com

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引用次数: 6

PERCEPTIONS OF MAIZE PRODUCERS REGARDING CULTIVATIONAL PRACTICES AND MARKETING PROBLEMS IN TEHSIL DEPALPUR DISTRICT OKARA, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN 巴基斯坦旁遮普省奥卡拉市tehsil depalpur地区玉米生产者对种植方法和销售问题的看法

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.22194/JGIASS/7.876

M. Shahnawaz

Maize lies at third position among cereal crops all over the world with an overall area of more than 118 million hectares yielding about 600 million metric tons’ annual production. Whereas, in Pakistan's maize ranks at 4 position after wheat, cotton and rice. It has a share of 0.5% in GDP and 2.4% in agriculture while occupies an area over 1.2 million hectares with annual production of 5.7 million tons (GOP, 2016). Maize crop serves as a major income generation source in developing or underdeveloped world (Tagne et al.,2008). Most importantly, maize has substantial role and use in the making of various products i.e. glucose, maize oil, corn peel, starch, gluten, breakfast cereals, poultry feed etc. Its flour is used for making chapattis or flatbreads in Indo-Pak (Younis et al., 2016). It is important to use suitable technologies by small growers to increase maize productivity who frequently require more food. The use of better maize seeds is an example of these technological innovations. However, the implementation of this type of seed in developing countries is still meager (Tanveer et al., 2014). Increasing agricultural productivity is critical to meet expected increasing demand and, as such, it is instructive to examine current performance in cases of new agricultural technologies (Rong et al.,2013). The most familiar areas of technology enlargement and encouragement for crops comprise new varieties and management regimes; soil as well as soil richness management, weed and pest management, irrigation and water management (Loevinsohn et al.,2013). Straight tillage influences bulk density, soil porosity, penetration conflict and J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 2019,7(4):177-180. ISSN (Online): 2311-3839; ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: :https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.876 http://www.jgiass.com

玉米在世界谷类作物中排名第三，总面积超过1.18亿公顷，年产量约为6亿吨。然而，在巴基斯坦，玉米排在小麦、棉花和水稻之后，排名第四。占GDP的0.5%，占农业的2.4%，占地面积120多万公顷，年产量570万吨(GOP, 2016)。玉米作物是发展中国家或欠发达国家的主要收入来源(Tagne et al.，2008)。最重要的是，玉米在制造各种产品，如葡萄糖、玉米油、玉米皮、淀粉、面筋、早餐谷物、家禽饲料等方面具有重要作用和用途。它的面粉在印度-巴基斯坦用于制作薄饼或面饼(Younis et al.， 2016)。对于经常需要更多粮食的小农来说，使用合适的技术来提高玉米产量是很重要的。使用更好的玉米种子就是这些技术创新的一个例子。然而，这类种子在发展中国家的实施仍然很少(Tanveer et al.， 2014)。提高农业生产率对于满足预期的日益增长的需求至关重要，因此，在新农业技术的情况下检查当前的绩效是有指导意义的(Rong等人，2013)。最熟悉的扩大和鼓励作物技术的领域包括新品种和管理制度;土壤和土壤丰富度管理、杂草和害虫管理、灌溉和水管理(Loevinsohn et al.，2013)。直耕方式对容重、土壤孔隙度、渗透冲突和J. Glob有影响。创新。阿格利司。Soc。科学。7, 2019,(4): 177 - 180。ISSN (Online): 2311-3839;ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI::https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/7.876 http://www.jgiass.com

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引用次数: 1

TOXICITY OF PHOSPHINE TO 4TH INSTAR LARVAE OF SIX DIFFERENT POPULATIONS OF Trogodermagranarium (Everts) (COLEOPTERA:DERMESTIDAE) COLLECTED FROM GODOWNS IN PUNJAB (PAKISTAN) 膦对巴基斯坦旁遮普地区6个不同蚁群4龄幼虫的毒性研究(鞘翅目:皮蝇科)

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.769

Asma Naeem, S. S. Ali

The khapra beetle, Trogodermagranarium (Everts), is considered as one of the most significant stored product pests worldwide. In Pakistan T. granarium is one of the major pests of stored grains especially wheat. It damage by directly feeding on grains (Azeem et al., 1976; Khattak et al., 1996; Ram and Singh, 1996). Khapra beetle is also an important pest affecting international trade among uninfested countries, while infested countries suffer major damage through loss of stored grain both in quality and quantity. Young larvae usually attack the embryo point or a weak place in the pericarp (Pasquerault et al., 2008) or feed on damaged seed, while older larvae feed on whole grains. Finding khapra beetles in imported commodities will lead an immediate quarantine of the infested goods followed by either rejection or chemical treatment. Pest control chemicals used incorrectly or for prolonged periods may select for pesticide resistance. The continuous and indiscriminate use of pesticides has resulted in resistance development and field control failures in China, India, Japan and Taiwan (Flores et al., 2006; Corbel et al., 2007; Djouaka et al., 2007; Jirakanjanakit et al ., 2007; Margaritopoulos et al., 2007; Montella, 2007; Oliveira et al., 2007; Stara and Kocourek, 2007). The cost and residues associated with fumigants is lower than of contact or systemic insecticides. There are many different fumigants e.g., methyl bromide, aluminium phosphide, chloropicrin, magnesium phosphide, sulfuryl fluoride and ethyl formate. However phosphine has proven to be the most widely used. Fumigants enter the insect’s body via respiratory system and depends on fumigant application, temperature and concentration; mortality rate should be 100%. Fumigants have become the most successful method for controlling stored grain pests. Many scientists have studied the application and effectiveness of fumigants to control stored grain pests (Bell and Wilson, 1995; Rajendran and Muralidharan, 2001). J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 2016, 4(4): 188-196 ISSN (Online): 2311-3839; ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.769 http://www.jgiass.com

卡普拉甲虫，Trogodermagranarium (Everts)，被认为是世界上最重要的储存产品害虫之一。在巴基斯坦，仓储粮尤其是小麦的主要害虫之一是仓储粮。它直接以谷物为食来破坏(Azeem et al.， 1976;Khattak et al.， 1996;拉姆和辛格，1996)。卡普拉甲虫也是影响无虫害国家间国际贸易的一种重要害虫，而受虫害的国家由于贮藏粮食的质量和数量损失而遭受重大损失。幼幼虫通常攻击胚胎点或果皮的薄弱部位(Pasquerault et al.， 2008)或以受损的种子为食，而年长的幼虫则以全谷物为食。在进口商品中发现卡普拉甲虫，将立即对受感染的货物进行检疫，然后拒收或进行化学处理。虫害防治化学品使用不当或长期使用可能会产生抗药性。在中国、印度、日本和台湾，持续和滥杀滥药导致抗药性发展和田间控制失败(Flores等，2006;Corbel et al.， 2007;Djouaka et al.， 2007;Jirakanjanakit et al .， 2007;Margaritopoulos et al.， 2007;蒙特拉,2007;Oliveira et al.， 2007;Stara and Kocourek, 2007)。熏蒸剂的成本和残留低于接触性或系统性杀虫剂。有许多不同的熏蒸剂，例如甲基溴、磷化铝、氯丁、磷化镁、硫酰氟和甲酸乙酯。然而，磷化氢已被证明是最广泛使用的。熏蒸剂通过呼吸系统进入昆虫体内，并取决于熏蒸剂的使用、温度和浓度;死亡率应该是100%熏蒸剂已成为控制储粮害虫最成功的方法。许多科学家研究了熏蒸剂在控制储粮害虫方面的应用和效果(Bell和Wilson, 1995;Rajendran and Muralidharan, 2001)。j .水珠。创新。阿格利司。Soc。科学。学报，2016,4(4):188-196 ISSN (Online): 2311-3839;ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.769 http://www.jgiass.com

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引用次数: 0

ASSESSING TRAINING NEEDS OF FARMERS IN PAKISTAN: A CASE OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS (FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PROJECT) IN TEHSIL RAWALPINDI 评估巴基斯坦农民的培训需求:以拉瓦尔品第特希尔农民田间学校(水果和蔬菜项目)为例

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.763

Mobushir Iqbal, M. F. Imam, R. M. Amir, Nasir Abbas Khan, M. F. Qayyum, M. Y. Malik

引用次数: 2

PALATABILITY OF SUBTERRANEAN CLOVER AND SOME PERENNIAL GRASSES AND LEGUME FORAGE CROPS 地下三叶草及一些多年生牧草和豆科饲料作物的适口性

Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )

Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.761

A. Kirilov, V. Vasileva

cafeteria” the palatability or the preference of sheep (Pleven Blackface sheep) to the subterranean clover and to other commonly used perennial forage crops was studied. The observations were done on pure swards of subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum ) (cv.“Antas”), birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) (cv. “Targovishte 1”), sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciaefolia L.) (local population), cocksfoot ( Dactylis glomerata L.) (cv. “Dabrava”) and tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (cv. "Albena"). Results obtained showed that subterranean clover was grazed at 100% and from the legumes sheep prefer most this crop followed by birdsfoot trefoil and sainfoin, and from the grasses – cocksfoot. Subterranean clover consist higher crude protein and lower crude fiber content, thus is a palatable and preferred for grazing by sheep forage crop compared to sainfoin, cocksfoot and tall fescue.

研究了绵羊(黑脸羊)对地下三叶草和其他常用的多年生饲料作物的适口性或偏好。对地下三叶草(Trifolium subterraneum ssp)的纯草进行了观察。brachycalicinum(变种“Antas”)，鸟足三叶草(变种“莲花”)。“Targovishte 1”)，sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia L.)(当地种群)，cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) (cv。“Dabrava”)和高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (cv。“Albena”)。结果表明，地下三叶草的采食率为100%，豆科牧草羊最喜欢地下三叶草，其次是鸟足、三叶草和红豆，禾草类牧草最喜欢地下三叶草。地下三叶草的粗蛋白质含量较高，粗纤维含量较低，与红豆草、凤尾草和高羊茅相比，地下三叶草是一种可口的绵羊放牧首选饲料作物。

引用次数: 4