M. Ishfaq, Asif Ali, A. Saeed, Hafiza Masooma, N. Cheema, I. Afzal, M. U. Yasin
{"title":"GENETIC VARIABILITY AND TRAIT ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus L. MOENCH)","authors":"M. Ishfaq, Asif Ali, A. Saeed, Hafiza Masooma, N. Cheema, I. Afzal, M. U. Yasin","doi":"10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124531165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mumtaz, H. Sadaqat, M. Yousaf, M. Saeed, R. Zaman
{"title":"GENE ACTION STUDIES IN BRASSICA RAPA FOR SEED YIELD RELATED TRAITS","authors":"A. Mumtaz, H. Sadaqat, M. Yousaf, M. Saeed, R. Zaman","doi":"10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.764","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116585426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
high farm yields than non-borrowers (Irfan, 1999). All these studies suggest that credit is an important input to meet the farmer’s needs. The nations as the United States, the UK, Canada, Germany, France and other developed countries, the high agricultural farm yields is because of wide use of credit. In the Eastern Europe, the The present study was designed for the evaluation of the effect of agricultural loan on productivity and income of sample farmers in a backward area of Upper and Lower Kurram tehsil of Parachinar, where the main source of institutional credit is Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd (ZTBL). For this purpose, primary data of 100 respondents were collected from two Tehsils i.e. Lower and Upper Kurram by using convenience sampling technique, and multiple regression model was used for data analysis. Furthermore, the research could support us to evaluate the relationship between the farm productivity and agricultural credit facilitated by ZTBL in the Parachinar, in term of loan availability and its uses in improving the farm productivity. The result showed that overall average efficiency of the noncredit user was 4.448 while credit user efficiency was 7.058 which shows credit has a significant impact on farm productivity if it is not used as non-productively i.e., construction of houses, purchase of vehicle and marriages.
{"title":"IMPACT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN ON AGRICULTURAL FARM PRODUCTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM DISTRICT PARACHINAR, KURRAM AGENCY, PAKISTAN","authors":"A. S. Kayani, M. Mushtaq, M. Muddassir, M. A. Zia","doi":"10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.757","url":null,"abstract":"high farm yields than non-borrowers (Irfan, 1999). All these studies suggest that credit is an important input to meet the farmer’s needs. The nations as the United States, the UK, Canada, Germany, France and other developed countries, the high agricultural farm yields is because of wide use of credit. In the Eastern Europe, the The present study was designed for the evaluation of the effect of agricultural loan on productivity and income of sample farmers in a backward area of Upper and Lower Kurram tehsil of Parachinar, where the main source of institutional credit is Zarai Taraqiati Bank Ltd (ZTBL). For this purpose, primary data of 100 respondents were collected from two Tehsils i.e. Lower and Upper Kurram by using convenience sampling technique, and multiple regression model was used for data analysis. Furthermore, the research could support us to evaluate the relationship between the farm productivity and agricultural credit facilitated by ZTBL in the Parachinar, in term of loan availability and its uses in improving the farm productivity. The result showed that overall average efficiency of the noncredit user was 4.448 while credit user efficiency was 7.058 which shows credit has a significant impact on farm productivity if it is not used as non-productively i.e., construction of houses, purchase of vehicle and marriages.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116930691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. M. S. Hanif, nsoor-ul Hasan, M. Sagheer, H. Aatif, Rozina Walik, M. Waqas
Safe storage of grains and food products against insect damage is a serious concern (Haq et al., 2005). Stored grain infestation is a very serious problem as various life stages of insects cause economic damage and deteriorates the quality of food grains and food products. (Sarwar et al., 2015). It has been estimated that about 9% of the world’s grain production is lost to post harvest insect and mite’s infestations (Tooba et al., 2005) due to favorable climatic and storage conditions (Rahman et al., 2009). Traditional grain storage facilities may not offer protection, but promotion of the use of metal silos and resistant varieties for grain storage is an alternative approach to reduce losses (Tadele et al., 2011). The drying of the foods helps in reducing the moisture content to about 912% in the drier areas, thus, minimizing the activities of storage insect pests and pathogens (Okunade et al., 2001). There are a number of stored grain insect pests that infest food grains in farmer stores and public warehouses and massively surge due to un-controlled environmental conditions and poor warehousing technology used (Sarwar et al., 2012). Primary stored grain insect pests include Lesser Grain Borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) (Fabricius), Granary, Rice and Maize Weevils (Sitophilus spp.), Angoumois Grain Moth (Sitotroga cerealella) (Oliver) Secondary Pests of Stored products are Flour Beetles (Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum), Saw-toothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) (Linnaeus), Flat Grain Beetle (Cryptolestes ferugineus) Steph, Warehouse Moth (Ephestia elutella) (Hubner), Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella) (Hubner) and Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) Everts (Sarwar et al., 2015). All stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) of each stored grain insect pest may be present simultaneously in infested stored products (Ali et al., 2011). Rust-red flour beetle (T. castaneum) (Herbst) is frequently found on farms and it is a reddish brown beetle about 3 mm long. The final three segments of its antennae are greatly enlarged to form a club shape. Young adults are pale brown in color becoming darker with age. Females lay up to 1000 eggs loosely scattered throughout infested grain. Cream-colored larvae with biting mouth parts and three pairs of legs hatch, and remain free from the grain, feeding on cereal dust and damaged grains. A generation takes about one month to complete under summer conditions, but longer in cold weather. The adult is winged and may fly and can live up to a year. (Sarwar et al., 2015) Tribolium castaneum is a very destructive insect pest of food grains and stored grain products (Nadeem et al., 2012). It lives in and feeds on wheat flour (Lu et al., 2010). The Larvae of Tribolium castaneum destroy 12.5-14.60 % of weight of J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 2016, 4(4): 197-203 ISSN (Online): 2311-3839; ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.770 http://www.jgiass.com
安全储存谷物和食品以防止虫害是一个严重问题(Haq等人，2005年)。储粮虫害是一个非常严重的问题，因为储粮害虫在各个生命阶段都会造成经济损失，并使粮食和食品质量恶化。(Sarwar et al.， 2015)。据估计，由于有利的气候和储存条件(Rahman et al.， 2009)，全球约9%的粮食产量因收获后虫螨的侵害而损失(Tooba et al.， 2005)。传统的粮食储存设施可能无法提供保护，但推广使用金属筒仓和抗性品种进行粮食储存是减少损失的另一种方法(Tadele等人，2011)。在干燥地区，食物的干燥有助于将水分含量降低到约912%，从而最大限度地减少储存害虫和病原体的活动(Okunade等人，2001年)。在农民商店和公共仓库中，有许多储存谷物的害虫，由于不受控制的环境条件和使用的不良仓储技术，这些害虫大量激增(Sarwar et al.， 2012)。储粮害虫主要有小螟虫(Rhyzopertha dominica) (Fabricius)，粮草、水稻和玉米象甲(Sitophilus spp.)， Angoumois粮蛾(Sitotroga cerealella) (Oliver)。储粮的次要害虫有粉甲虫(Tribolium confusum和Tribolium castaneum)，锯齿粮甲虫(Oryzaephilus surinamensis) (Linnaeus)，扁粮甲虫(Cryptolestes ferugineus) Steph，仓蛾(Ephestia elutella) (Hubner)，印度餐蛾(Plodia interpunctella) (Hubner)和卡普拉甲虫(Trogoderma granarium) Everts (Sarwar et al.， 2015)。每种储粮害虫的所有阶段(卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫)可能同时存在于受感染的储粮产品中(Ali et al.， 2011)。铁锈红粉甲虫(T. castaneum) (Herbst)常见于农场，是一种长约3毫米的红棕色甲虫。它的触角的最后三个部分被大大扩大，形成一个棍棒形状。年轻人的颜色是浅棕色，随着年龄的增长而变深。雌性会产下多达1000个卵，松散地散布在被侵染的谷物中。乳白色的幼虫有咬口和三对腿，孵化时远离谷物，以谷物粉和损坏的谷物为食。在夏季条件下，一个世代大约需要一个月才能完成，但在寒冷的天气下则需要更长时间。成虫长着翅膀，可以飞，寿命长达一年。(Sarwar et al.， 2015) castaneum是一种对粮食和储粮极具破坏性的害虫(Nadeem et al.， 2012)。它生活在小麦粉中并以小麦粉为食(Lu et al.， 2010)。黄锥虫幼虫对黄锥虫的杀伤率为12.5% ~ 14.60%。创新。阿格利司。Soc。科学。学报，2016,4(4):197-203 ISSN (Online): 2311-3839;ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.770 http://www.jgiass.com
{"title":"INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT BOTANICALS (BITTERAPPLE, NEEM AND TOBACCO) TOWARDS TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE)","authors":"C. M. S. Hanif, nsoor-ul Hasan, M. Sagheer, H. Aatif, Rozina Walik, M. Waqas","doi":"10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.770","url":null,"abstract":"Safe storage of grains and food products against insect damage is a serious concern (Haq et al., 2005). Stored grain infestation is a very serious problem as various life stages of insects cause economic damage and deteriorates the quality of food grains and food products. (Sarwar et al., 2015). It has been estimated that about 9% of the world’s grain production is lost to post harvest insect and mite’s infestations (Tooba et al., 2005) due to favorable climatic and storage conditions (Rahman et al., 2009). Traditional grain storage facilities may not offer protection, but promotion of the use of metal silos and resistant varieties for grain storage is an alternative approach to reduce losses (Tadele et al., 2011). The drying of the foods helps in reducing the moisture content to about 912% in the drier areas, thus, minimizing the activities of storage insect pests and pathogens (Okunade et al., 2001). There are a number of stored grain insect pests that infest food grains in farmer stores and public warehouses and massively surge due to un-controlled environmental conditions and poor warehousing technology used (Sarwar et al., 2012). Primary stored grain insect pests include Lesser Grain Borer (Rhyzopertha dominica) (Fabricius), Granary, Rice and Maize Weevils (Sitophilus spp.), Angoumois Grain Moth (Sitotroga cerealella) (Oliver) Secondary Pests of Stored products are Flour Beetles (Tribolium confusum and Tribolium castaneum), Saw-toothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) (Linnaeus), Flat Grain Beetle (Cryptolestes ferugineus) Steph, Warehouse Moth (Ephestia elutella) (Hubner), Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella) (Hubner) and Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) Everts (Sarwar et al., 2015). All stages (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) of each stored grain insect pest may be present simultaneously in infested stored products (Ali et al., 2011). Rust-red flour beetle (T. castaneum) (Herbst) is frequently found on farms and it is a reddish brown beetle about 3 mm long. The final three segments of its antennae are greatly enlarged to form a club shape. Young adults are pale brown in color becoming darker with age. Females lay up to 1000 eggs loosely scattered throughout infested grain. Cream-colored larvae with biting mouth parts and three pairs of legs hatch, and remain free from the grain, feeding on cereal dust and damaged grains. A generation takes about one month to complete under summer conditions, but longer in cold weather. The adult is winged and may fly and can live up to a year. (Sarwar et al., 2015) Tribolium castaneum is a very destructive insect pest of food grains and stored grain products (Nadeem et al., 2012). It lives in and feeds on wheat flour (Lu et al., 2010). The Larvae of Tribolium castaneum destroy 12.5-14.60 % of weight of J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Soc. Sci., 2016, 4(4): 197-203 ISSN (Online): 2311-3839; ISSN (Print): 2312-5225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.770 http://www.jgiass.com","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121197023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shoaib, A. Shehzad, M. S. Butt, Muhammad Saeed, Husnain Raza, S. Niazi, I. Khan, A. Shakeel
Currently, the establishment of links between health and food has been diverting the consumer focus, towards plant based functional and nutraceutical food products instead of synthetic medicines for curing numerous philological disorders (Chauhan et al., 2013). Changing lifestyle of people along with poor cultural habits have enforced researcher to find out diet based therapies that are cost effective and safe. In this regard, functional and nutraceutical foods not only fulfill nutritional requirements but also provide medicinal benefits. Now a days, functional and nutraceutical food has become an integral component of diet owing to its therapeutic potential against various lifestyle related disorders like hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia and cancer. In diet-based therapies, indigenous herbs and plants have gained much importance. Diet based therapy has been invigorated worldwide and people are using natural food materials as a remedy against various maladies. Amongst, different dietary regimen tools plant phytochemicals have engrossed attention due to their acceptability, safety and health improving characteristics (Thielecke and Boschmann, 2009). Phytochemicals have the ability to perform various biological functions like reducing oxidative stress and degenerative ailments, metabolic disorders owing to their intrinsic antioxidant potential (Manach et al.,2004). In this regard, functional/nutraceutical foods are being formulated to improve the health (Rains et al., 2011). Nutraceutical and functional foods are gaining much popularity and capturing the global market. Now a days, more than 470 nutraceutical and functional food items are marketed with proved health claims (Eskin and Tamir, 2006). The statistics analysis of market shows that worth of nutraceuticals and functional foods was estimated above $197 billion and 30-60 billion US$ in Japan and USA respectively. The term functional food was defined as “Food which not only provides basic nutrients but also possesses many therapeutic benefits”. The division between functional and nutraceuticals foods is that the nutraceuticals foods are enriched with active components to get targeted health benefits.The utilization of these products not only aimed to get health benefits, besidesthey can also have preventive and curative effects for many ailments ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancer (Girgih, et al., 2013). Researchers have confirmed that various phytochemicals and bioactive components are present in these indigenous herbs and medicinal plants that ensure their medicinal attribute and thus are an important part of modern functional and nutraceutical foods. Researches have also depicted that a handsome number of phytochemicals and bioactive moieties are present in herbal plants among them ginger (Zingiberofficinale) has rich phytochemical profile as it possesses nutraceutical potential against various physiological threats especially due to the presence of 6g
{"title":"AN OVERVIEW: GINGER, A TREMENDOUS HERB","authors":"M. Shoaib, A. Shehzad, M. S. Butt, Muhammad Saeed, Husnain Raza, S. Niazi, I. Khan, A. Shakeel","doi":"10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.4.766","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the establishment of links between health and food has been diverting the consumer focus, towards plant based functional and nutraceutical food products instead of synthetic medicines for curing numerous philological disorders (Chauhan et al., 2013). Changing lifestyle of people along with poor cultural habits have enforced researcher to find out diet based therapies that are cost effective and safe. In this regard, functional and nutraceutical foods not only fulfill nutritional requirements but also provide medicinal benefits. Now a days, functional and nutraceutical food has become an integral component of diet owing to its therapeutic potential against various lifestyle related disorders like hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular diseases, hyperglycemia and cancer. In diet-based therapies, indigenous herbs and plants have gained much importance. Diet based therapy has been invigorated worldwide and people are using natural food materials as a remedy against various maladies. Amongst, different dietary regimen tools plant phytochemicals have engrossed attention due to their acceptability, safety and health improving characteristics (Thielecke and Boschmann, 2009). Phytochemicals have the ability to perform various biological functions like reducing oxidative stress and degenerative ailments, metabolic disorders owing to their intrinsic antioxidant potential (Manach et al.,2004). In this regard, functional/nutraceutical foods are being formulated to improve the health (Rains et al., 2011). Nutraceutical and functional foods are gaining much popularity and capturing the global market. Now a days, more than 470 nutraceutical and functional food items are marketed with proved health claims (Eskin and Tamir, 2006). The statistics analysis of market shows that worth of nutraceuticals and functional foods was estimated above $197 billion and 30-60 billion US$ in Japan and USA respectively. The term functional food was defined as “Food which not only provides basic nutrients but also possesses many therapeutic benefits”. The division between functional and nutraceuticals foods is that the nutraceuticals foods are enriched with active components to get targeted health benefits.The utilization of these products not only aimed to get health benefits, besidesthey can also have preventive and curative effects for many ailments ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancer (Girgih, et al., 2013). Researchers have confirmed that various phytochemicals and bioactive components are present in these indigenous herbs and medicinal plants that ensure their medicinal attribute and thus are an important part of modern functional and nutraceutical foods. Researches have also depicted that a handsome number of phytochemicals and bioactive moieties are present in herbal plants among them ginger (Zingiberofficinale) has rich phytochemical profile as it possesses nutraceutical potential against various physiological threats especially due to the presence of 6g","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122267782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Ashfaq, S. Ul-Allah, M. Kashif, A. Sattar, Hafiz Ghulam Nabi
Present studies were conducted under normal and drought conditions using Line × Tester analysis in experimental field of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Rabi season of 2010-2012. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for flag leaf area, grains per spike, RWC, stomatal size, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant under both planting conditions. The results of line × tester analysis exhibited significant to highly significant difference between parents, crosses and lines × tester cross combinations. In case of general combining ability under normal and drought conditions, the lines 9438, 9444 and 9428 were found best. While observing testers, the genotype Seher-06 and 9437 displayed highest GCA effects for most of the traits. The cross combinations 9444 × 9451 and 9372 × Saher-06 exhibited highest SCA effects under normal conditions but could not retain its position for the observed traits under water stress situation. These superior genotypes could be included as promising parents in future breeding programs and crosses like 9444 × 9451 and 9372 × Saher-06, can be exploited in future breeding programs for improvement of morpho-physiological characters conferring resistance to water stress under drought situations with stable grain yield.
{"title":"GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDY AMONG WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL AND DROUGHT CONDITIONS","authors":"W. Ashfaq, S. Ul-Allah, M. Kashif, A. Sattar, Hafiz Ghulam Nabi","doi":"10.22194/JGIASS/4.3.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22194/JGIASS/4.3.758","url":null,"abstract":"Present studies were conducted under normal and drought conditions using Line × Tester analysis in experimental field of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Rabi season of 2010-2012. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for flag leaf area, grains per spike, RWC, stomatal size, 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant under both planting conditions. The results of line × tester analysis exhibited significant to highly significant difference between parents, crosses and lines × tester cross combinations. In case of general combining ability under normal and drought conditions, the lines 9438, 9444 and 9428 were found best. While observing testers, the genotype Seher-06 and 9437 displayed highest GCA effects for most of the traits. The cross combinations 9444 × 9451 and 9372 × Saher-06 exhibited highest SCA effects under normal conditions but could not retain its position for the observed traits under water stress situation. These superior genotypes could be included as promising parents in future breeding programs and crosses like 9444 × 9451 and 9372 × Saher-06, can be exploited in future breeding programs for improvement of morpho-physiological characters conferring resistance to water stress under drought situations with stable grain yield.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Rahman, N. Jahan, Z. Ahmad, A. Shakeel, H. Aslam, H. A. Sakandar, M. S. Raza
The objective of this study was to investigate the agronomic parameters of Silybum marianum to variable temperature and land zones of Punjab. Experiments were conducted at PARS, AARI, Karoor, Farooqabad and Chakwal. Sowing time and sowing conditions significantly affect the yield of milk thistle in four different localities. To see the effect of temperature/seasonal variation, seeds of milk thistle were sown at four different sowing times in different months i.e. during first week of November, December, January and February. In addition to study the effect of seasonal variation/time, some other parameters, like plant to plant spacing by providing the sufficient space for plant growth, on yield of seed and quality of silymarin were also studied. Different spaces (50, 100, 200 cm) between plant to plant were maintained to see its effect on the plan growth. Maximum growth was observed in the land locations of PARS and AAI in the month of November and December. Maximum growth performance of milk Thistle was also observed when the plant to plant pacing were 200cm. All the significant data were analyzed under CRD experiment.
{"title":"BEHAVIORAL PATTERN OF MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM L.) AGRONOMIC PARAMETERS TO VARIABLE TEMPERATURE AND LAND ZONES OF PUNJAB","authors":"K. Rahman, N. Jahan, Z. Ahmad, A. Shakeel, H. Aslam, H. A. Sakandar, M. S. Raza","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.729","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the agronomic parameters of Silybum marianum to variable temperature and land zones of Punjab. Experiments were conducted at PARS, AARI, Karoor, Farooqabad and Chakwal. Sowing time and sowing conditions significantly affect the yield of milk thistle in four different localities. To see the effect of temperature/seasonal variation, seeds of milk thistle were sown at four different sowing times in different months i.e. during first week of November, December, January and February. In addition to study the effect of seasonal variation/time, some other parameters, like plant to plant spacing by providing the sufficient space for plant growth, on yield of seed and quality of silymarin were also studied. Different spaces (50, 100, 200 cm) between plant to plant were maintained to see its effect on the plan growth. Maximum growth was observed in the land locations of PARS and AAI in the month of November and December. Maximum growth performance of milk Thistle was also observed when the plant to plant pacing were 200cm. All the significant data were analyzed under CRD experiment.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115021137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water quality has declined not only in Pakistan but also the whole world due to the contamination of water sources by pollution which is damaging human health. This study was designed to evaluate the water quality. Logit model was applied on socioeconomic factors as determinants of consumption of safe drinking water in Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose samples were collected from 225 households. Results obtained provided clear evidence that almost all the water samples were contaminated with microbes like Total Plate Count (TPC) Total Coliform and E. Coli (0157), as well as showed higher than standard values for hardness, turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) It was also observed that per capita income of Household, residential status, level of awareness and (ground water having smell of some chemical)smell of ground water were positively related to the household consumption of safe drinking water while age of family head, occurrence of some waterborne diseases to any family member were negatively related to the household consumption of safe drinking water. Policies regarding improvement in educational system and public awareness campaigns ranging from urban to country side should be launched.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF SAFE DRINKING WATER IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF FAISALABAD","authors":"Hasan Zulfiqar, Qasir Abbas, A. Raza, Amjad Ali","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.731","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality has declined not only in Pakistan but also the whole world due to the contamination of water sources by pollution which is damaging human health. This study was designed to evaluate the water quality. Logit model was applied on socioeconomic factors as determinants of consumption of safe drinking water in Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose samples were collected from 225 households. Results obtained provided clear evidence that almost all the water samples were contaminated with microbes like Total Plate Count (TPC) Total Coliform and E. Coli (0157), as well as showed higher than standard values for hardness, turbidity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) It was also observed that per capita income of Household, residential status, level of awareness and (ground water having smell of some chemical)smell of ground water were positively related to the household consumption of safe drinking water while age of family head, occurrence of some waterborne diseases to any family member were negatively related to the household consumption of safe drinking water. Policies regarding improvement in educational system and public awareness campaigns ranging from urban to country side should be launched.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Muddassir, Mehmood Ali Noor, Abu-ul-Hassan Zuhaibe, S. Muneer, S. Fiaz, Muhammad Mubushar, M. A. Zia
Pakistan agriculture credit system consists of formal and informal sources of credit supply. The formal credit sources involve financial organizations like Zarai Taraqiati Bank limited (ZTBL) formerly known as Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP), commercial banks and cooperative societies. ZTBL is considered one of the biggest financial organizations that has contributed in the rural sector of the country. The bank is serving as the prime financial institution. It caters the credit needs of farmers for the development and upgradation of agriculture as well as promotion of small-house industries in the rural areas. ZTBL provides loans to mostly small farmers of 12 acres of land. The present study was designed to explore the effectiveness of these micro-credit loans. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from 2 towns of tehsil Faisalabad. Questionnaire was designed in English and then translated into local language to collect maximum information. SPSS was applied to analyze the data and interpreted in the form of frequencies and percentages. It is found that agricultural production increased by loaning and loans directly affected on the farmer life. Most of the farmers of about 36.7% used loan's amount to purchase the agriculture utilities and some used this amount for other purposes. The study also revealed that loanees are mostly from the young age group and educated. It was perceived that rare filed visits of credit officers and difficult documentation during loan process were main hindrances for farmers. Some of the farmers have perception as ‘it is not good to get loan’ but majority is in the favor. It is concluded that loan cause positive effective on the farmer’s life.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF MICRO-CREDIT LOANS PROVIDED BY ZARAI TARAQIATI BANK LIMITED UNDER AWAMI ZARAI SCHEME TO THE FARMERS OF FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN","authors":"M. Muddassir, Mehmood Ali Noor, Abu-ul-Hassan Zuhaibe, S. Muneer, S. Fiaz, Muhammad Mubushar, M. A. Zia","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.725","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan agriculture credit system consists of formal and informal sources of credit supply. The formal credit sources involve financial organizations like Zarai Taraqiati Bank limited (ZTBL) formerly known as Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP), commercial banks and cooperative societies. ZTBL is considered one of the biggest financial organizations that has contributed in the rural sector of the country. The bank is serving as the prime financial institution. It caters the credit needs of farmers for the development and upgradation of agriculture as well as promotion of small-house industries in the rural areas. ZTBL provides loans to mostly small farmers of 12 acres of land. The present study was designed to explore the effectiveness of these micro-credit loans. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents from 2 towns of tehsil Faisalabad. Questionnaire was designed in English and then translated into local language to collect maximum information. SPSS was applied to analyze the data and interpreted in the form of frequencies and percentages. It is found that agricultural production increased by loaning and loans directly affected on the farmer life. Most of the farmers of about 36.7% used loan's amount to purchase the agriculture utilities and some used this amount for other purposes. The study also revealed that loanees are mostly from the young age group and educated. It was perceived that rare filed visits of credit officers and difficult documentation during loan process were main hindrances for farmers. Some of the farmers have perception as ‘it is not good to get loan’ but majority is in the favor. It is concluded that loan cause positive effective on the farmer’s life.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134269833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Khan, Sanam Wagma Khattak, Amjad Amin, Huma Ashar
Current study estimates the aggregate exports demand function for Pakistan for period 1982 to 2015 with reference to major trading partners (USA, UK, Germany, UAE, and Hong Kong) that contribute more than 40% (approx) in Pakistan’s exports by using time series analysis and fully modified least square method (FMLS) for empirical estimation. The result obtained are real foreign income of exporting partner has positive while relative price index and real effective exchange rate have negative significant effect on aggregate export’s demand of Pakistan.
{"title":"EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATE EXPORT DEMAND OF PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Khan, Sanam Wagma Khattak, Amjad Amin, Huma Ashar","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.728","url":null,"abstract":"Current study estimates the aggregate exports demand function for Pakistan for period 1982 to 2015 with reference to major trading partners (USA, UK, Germany, UAE, and Hong Kong) that contribute more than 40% (approx) in Pakistan’s exports by using time series analysis and fully modified least square method (FMLS) for empirical estimation. The result obtained are real foreign income of exporting partner has positive while relative price index and real effective exchange rate have negative significant effect on aggregate export’s demand of Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127021926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：