Agriculture is an integral component of Pakistan’s economy as sixty-five percent of the population resides in rural areas and their livelihood primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan has the world contiguous irrigation system. Unfortunately, the farming community is facing severe water shortage. The prime objective of current study was to explore the effects of irrigation water management on crops productivity and socio economic implications for rural farming families of District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A study sample of 160 household farmers was selected through multistage sampling techniques. This study explained that the irrigation water management has positive impact on socio economic condition of farming families and crops productivity. Irrigation water management has potential to decrease farmer's expenses for purchasing fuel. At the same time, it can increase income level in the form of high crops yield. Moreover, irrigation water management has capacity to increase soil fertility, increase in cultivated area, decrease in poverty and frustration. Thus, it effects positively on the lives of farming families.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT ON RURAL FARMING FAMILIES OF DISTRICT FAISALABAD, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"S. Fiaz, Mehmood Ali Noor, N. Mobeen","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.726","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is an integral component of Pakistan’s economy as sixty-five percent of the population resides in rural areas and their livelihood primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan has the world contiguous irrigation system. Unfortunately, the farming community is facing severe water shortage. The prime objective of current study was to explore the effects of irrigation water management on crops productivity and socio economic implications for rural farming families of District Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. A study sample of 160 household farmers was selected through multistage sampling techniques. This study explained that the irrigation water management has positive impact on socio economic condition of farming families and crops productivity. Irrigation water management has potential to decrease farmer's expenses for purchasing fuel. At the same time, it can increase income level in the form of high crops yield. Moreover, irrigation water management has capacity to increase soil fertility, increase in cultivated area, decrease in poverty and frustration. Thus, it effects positively on the lives of farming families.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116667827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hussain, I. Khan, A. Sattar, A. Sher, M. Ijaz, M. Iqbal, A. Areeb, M. Irfan
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different time and methods of application of phosphatic fertilizer to wheat crop under Arid condition. Experiment was comprised of five treatments viz: T1= Control, T2= P2O5 broadcast at the time of seedbed preparation in the form of (TSP), T3 = P2O5 side drilling after sowing, 5 cm apart rows and 5 cm deep with Rabi hand drill, T4= P2O5 broadcast after sowing at the time of first irrigation and T5= P2O5 mixed with seed of wheat. Results showed that although all the treatments tested were differing significantly from the control in all aspects studied but, application of phospahtic fertilizer (P2O5) side drilling after sowing, 5 cm apart rows and 5 cm deep with Rabi hand drill, produced maximum germination percentage (82.15), plant height (108.50 cm), number of fertile tillers m (356), number of grains spike (41.50), 1000 grains weight (42.40 g) and grain yield (5.08 t ha) as compared to other treatments. Maximum P contents in the straw, grain, total P uptake and protein contents in grain were recorded in T5 was statistically at par with the T4 and T3. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that application of phosphatic fertilizer at 5 cm apart side dressing of the rows at a depth of 5 cm not only increase the plant vigor but also produced better yield under arid condition.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT METHODS AND TIME OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER APPLICATION IN WHEAT UNDER ARID CONDITION","authors":"S. Hussain, I. Khan, A. Sattar, A. Sher, M. Ijaz, M. Iqbal, A. Areeb, M. Irfan","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.732","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different time and methods of application of phosphatic fertilizer to wheat crop under Arid condition. Experiment was comprised of five treatments viz: T1= Control, T2= P2O5 broadcast at the time of seedbed preparation in the form of (TSP), T3 = P2O5 side drilling after sowing, 5 cm apart rows and 5 cm deep with Rabi hand drill, T4= P2O5 broadcast after sowing at the time of first irrigation and T5= P2O5 mixed with seed of wheat. Results showed that although all the treatments tested were differing significantly from the control in all aspects studied but, application of phospahtic fertilizer (P2O5) side drilling after sowing, 5 cm apart rows and 5 cm deep with Rabi hand drill, produced maximum germination percentage (82.15), plant height (108.50 cm), number of fertile tillers m (356), number of grains spike (41.50), 1000 grains weight (42.40 g) and grain yield (5.08 t ha) as compared to other treatments. Maximum P contents in the straw, grain, total P uptake and protein contents in grain were recorded in T5 was statistically at par with the T4 and T3. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that application of phosphatic fertilizer at 5 cm apart side dressing of the rows at a depth of 5 cm not only increase the plant vigor but also produced better yield under arid condition.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127504007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vimbai Muponda, W. Manyangarirwa, T. Mtaita, M. Mutetwa
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Zimbabwe is an important element of the agricultural production sector. The local industry is however affected by low yields due to soft rot disease (Pectobacterium carotororum subsp. carotovorum) and poor quality produce. The main thrust of this study was to come up with recommendations that would increase potato production through improved knowledge of cultivar choices according to ranked performance in terms of soft rot infestations. Four experiments were conducted, in the field; in greenhouse, in storage at 10 o C and at room temperature on soft rot inoculated and un-inoculated potato tubers. The experiments were conducted on five locally available varieties in Zimbabwe. Tubers were screened for soft rot infection using counts and weights of infected tubers and BP1 showed significant difference (p<0.05) in terms of soft rot infestation on counted tubers. The field experiment treatments of Amethyst, Mnandi, BP1, Montclare and Jasper were laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for potato late blight recorded was highest for BP1 (10.04%) and least for Jasper (6.81%). Amethyst and BP1 varieties recorded the highest (5.0%) incidence for tuber soft rot. The greenhouse pot experiment had five soft rot inoculated and un-inoculated potato tubers and treatments were laid in Complete Random Design (CRD). Percentage emergence for inoculated pots dropped by more than 75% relative to the un-inoculated plot for BP1, Montclare and Mnandi varieties. Amethyst recorded a 100% drop in germination for the inoculated plots. Mnandi had the highest (41.37%) proportion of tubers from small and below grade. On the other hand, variety BP1 had the highest (80.01%) proportion of tubers from medium size and above. Tuber yield was highest for Jasper (34.01t/ha). This study shows that BP1 variety rank in the potato seed certification industry needs to be revised according to soft rot tolerance to update previous ranks of the cultivar. Farmers are advised to adopt new varieties and have reliable seed sources.
{"title":"PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF BACTERIAL SOFT ROT IN COMMONLY GROWN POTATO VARIETIES IN NYANGA DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE","authors":"Vimbai Muponda, W. Manyangarirwa, T. Mtaita, M. Mutetwa","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.727","url":null,"abstract":"Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Zimbabwe is an important element of the agricultural production sector. The local industry is however affected by low yields due to soft rot disease (Pectobacterium carotororum subsp. carotovorum) and poor quality produce. The main thrust of this study was to come up with recommendations that would increase potato production through improved knowledge of cultivar choices according to ranked performance in terms of soft rot infestations. Four experiments were conducted, in the field; in greenhouse, in storage at 10 o C and at room temperature on soft rot inoculated and un-inoculated potato tubers. The experiments were conducted on five locally available varieties in Zimbabwe. Tubers were screened for soft rot infection using counts and weights of infected tubers and BP1 showed significant difference (p<0.05) in terms of soft rot infestation on counted tubers. The field experiment treatments of Amethyst, Mnandi, BP1, Montclare and Jasper were laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for potato late blight recorded was highest for BP1 (10.04%) and least for Jasper (6.81%). Amethyst and BP1 varieties recorded the highest (5.0%) incidence for tuber soft rot. The greenhouse pot experiment had five soft rot inoculated and un-inoculated potato tubers and treatments were laid in Complete Random Design (CRD). Percentage emergence for inoculated pots dropped by more than 75% relative to the un-inoculated plot for BP1, Montclare and Mnandi varieties. Amethyst recorded a 100% drop in germination for the inoculated plots. Mnandi had the highest (41.37%) proportion of tubers from small and below grade. On the other hand, variety BP1 had the highest (80.01%) proportion of tubers from medium size and above. Tuber yield was highest for Jasper (34.01t/ha). This study shows that BP1 variety rank in the potato seed certification industry needs to be revised according to soft rot tolerance to update previous ranks of the cultivar. Farmers are advised to adopt new varieties and have reliable seed sources.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Umair Talib, I. Ashraf, A. Saghir, R. Aamir, Gulfam Hasan
Pakistan is a country where agriculture is the major source of revenue (21%) and employment (43%) generation. Nevertheless, it is very significant but majority of farmer’s still use obsolete agri. practices. The Govt. has incepted various prorammes to minimize communication gap through improved agri. technology transfer means i.e. Village AID, BDs, T&V, FFS and Hub programme. The present study was conducted in district Faisalabad. Through multistage sampling technique 120 farmers were selected from two tehsils. Interview schedule and key informant interviews were used as research instruments. Psychological analysis of data revealed that the farmer group meeting and the farmer days were least applied contact interventions. Helpline and internet among the advertisement means were lowest rated advertisement means in-spite of being the most advanced way to transfer agricultural technologies. Extension field staff used books & booklets as an information dissemination pathway in very low category. It was concluded after key informant interviews that there was a great difference between famers psyche and applied extension means. Therefore, it is recommended that government should include end users in programme planning, dissemination and execution of agricultural work. All the public and private stakeholders have to extend the infrastructure of modern communication means i.e. telephone & internet. It is also quite significant to induce self-help sense among them.
{"title":"PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MEANS USED BY AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT IN THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN","authors":"Umair Talib, I. Ashraf, A. Saghir, R. Aamir, Gulfam Hasan","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/4.1.730","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is a country where agriculture is the major source of revenue (21%) and employment (43%) generation. Nevertheless, it is very significant but majority of farmer’s still use obsolete agri. practices. The Govt. has incepted various prorammes to minimize communication gap through improved agri. technology transfer means i.e. Village AID, BDs, T&V, FFS and Hub programme. The present study was conducted in district Faisalabad. Through multistage sampling technique 120 farmers were selected from two tehsils. Interview schedule and key informant interviews were used as research instruments. Psychological analysis of data revealed that the farmer group meeting and the farmer days were least applied contact interventions. Helpline and internet among the advertisement means were lowest rated advertisement means in-spite of being the most advanced way to transfer agricultural technologies. Extension field staff used books & booklets as an information dissemination pathway in very low category. It was concluded after key informant interviews that there was a great difference between famers psyche and applied extension means. Therefore, it is recommended that government should include end users in programme planning, dissemination and execution of agricultural work. All the public and private stakeholders have to extend the infrastructure of modern communication means i.e. telephone & internet. It is also quite significant to induce self-help sense among them.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114310400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Iqbal, I. Pasha, M. Abrar, M. Hanif, Sharoon Mashi
Mango Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan, 2 National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 3 Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan, 5 Food Technology Section, Post-Harvest Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan Corresponding author’s e-mail: zafarft@yahoo.co.in
{"title":"SINGLE KERNEL CHARACTERIZATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES IN RELATION TO MILLING QUALITY","authors":"Z. Iqbal, I. Pasha, M. Abrar, M. Hanif, Sharoon Mashi","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.722","url":null,"abstract":"Mango Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan, 2 National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 3 Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan, 5 Food Technology Section, Post-Harvest Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan Corresponding author’s e-mail: zafarft@yahoo.co.in","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133748513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Saeed, H. Aslam, M. S. Raza, M. Inam-ur-Raheem, A. Shakeel, Z. Razzaq, Rana Muhammad, M. Shoaib
The present study was conducted in National Institute of Food Science and Agriculture University Pakistan to utilize industrial waste Apple pomace and underutilize agriculture product water chest nut. Cookies were prepared with the addition of Apple pomace and water chest nut flour into wheat flour up to 45%. Proximate (moisture, fat, protein, ash, fiber, NFE), physical (diameter, thickness and spread ratio) and sensorial (color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability) were determined. The results obtained after the statistically analysis predicated that moisture, ash and fiber increase while fat, protein and NFE decrease with the incorporation of AP and WC flour. Diameter, thickness and spread ratio also affected by the addition of AP and WC flour. All sensory parameters decrease with the addition of AP and WC but within acceptable range. Treatments T 3 (20%WF+40%AP+40%WCF) were more like among all treatments. So it can be concluded that AP and WC flour may be incorporated into the wheat flour for the preparation of cookies to increase nutritional value.
{"title":"Effect of Water Chest Nut and Apple Pomace Powder on the Quality Parameters of Cookies","authors":"Muhammad Saeed, H. Aslam, M. S. Raza, M. Inam-ur-Raheem, A. Shakeel, Z. Razzaq, Rana Muhammad, M. Shoaib","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.723","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in National Institute of Food Science and Agriculture University Pakistan to utilize industrial waste Apple pomace and underutilize agriculture product water chest nut. Cookies were prepared with the addition of Apple pomace and water chest nut flour into wheat flour up to 45%. Proximate (moisture, fat, protein, ash, fiber, NFE), physical (diameter, thickness and spread ratio) and sensorial (color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptability) were determined. The results obtained after the statistically analysis predicated that moisture, ash and fiber increase while fat, protein and NFE decrease with the incorporation of AP and WC flour. Diameter, thickness and spread ratio also affected by the addition of AP and WC flour. All sensory parameters decrease with the addition of AP and WC but within acceptable range. Treatments T 3 (20%WF+40%AP+40%WCF) were more like among all treatments. So it can be concluded that AP and WC flour may be incorporated into the wheat flour for the preparation of cookies to increase nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130921544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The crude methanol (MeOH), n- hexane ( n- Hex), petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl 3 ) and Aqueous (Aq) extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst were screened to determine their bioactive constituents, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity. Among all the tested extracts, highest phenolics and tannins contents were observed in CHCl 3 (127.5 mg 100g -1 ) and PE fractions (78.52 mg 100g -1 ). The highest flavonoids moiety (84.9 mg 100g -1 ) and antioxidant activity (82.67%) was recorded in MeOH fractions. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by disc and well diffusion method. The maximum (72.14%) inhibitory zone was observed in CHCl 3 fraction with MIC value of 5.2mg ml -1 against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus sp. However E. coli was not susceptible to PE extract while Xanthomonas sp was resistible to n- Hex and PE extracts. Likewise CHCl 3 fraction showed significant activity against the fungal strain Penicillium sp having growth inhibitory zone of 68.42% with MIC value of 41.66 mg ml -1 . However no activity was observed for n- Hex against Penicillium sp and Aspergillus sp ., CHCl 3 against Paecilomyces sp and Trichoderma sp while PE ether against Aspergillus sp . The present findings suggest that notable antimicrobial potential of extracts might be due the presence of bioactive compounds.
{"title":"NUTRACEUTICAL POTENTIAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM (FR.) P. KARST","authors":"Ibrarullah, A. Shad, I. Jan","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.718","url":null,"abstract":"The crude methanol (MeOH), n- hexane ( n- Hex), petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl 3 ) and Aqueous (Aq) extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst were screened to determine their bioactive constituents, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity. Among all the tested extracts, highest phenolics and tannins contents were observed in CHCl 3 (127.5 mg 100g -1 ) and PE fractions (78.52 mg 100g -1 ). The highest flavonoids moiety (84.9 mg 100g -1 ) and antioxidant activity (82.67%) was recorded in MeOH fractions. In vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by disc and well diffusion method. The maximum (72.14%) inhibitory zone was observed in CHCl 3 fraction with MIC value of 5.2mg ml -1 against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus sp. However E. coli was not susceptible to PE extract while Xanthomonas sp was resistible to n- Hex and PE extracts. Likewise CHCl 3 fraction showed significant activity against the fungal strain Penicillium sp having growth inhibitory zone of 68.42% with MIC value of 41.66 mg ml -1 . However no activity was observed for n- Hex against Penicillium sp and Aspergillus sp ., CHCl 3 against Paecilomyces sp and Trichoderma sp while PE ether against Aspergillus sp . The present findings suggest that notable antimicrobial potential of extracts might be due the presence of bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126741650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shakeel, Muhammad Saeed, H. Aslam, N. Naheed, M. Shoaib, M. S. Raza, A. Noor
Soy foods have high plant protein content and contain polyphenol components, such as isoflavones. Different varieties of soya bean (Rawal 1, NARC 2, Ajmeri. William 82. Line 1 (SA-7260) and Line 2 (PSC-60) were compared and analyzed their nutritional and sensory characteristics. The better selected (William 82) variety of soya beans is compared with the buffalo milk, its nutritional values, taste and other parameters. This study examined the result of storage temperature on the shell-life of soya milk keep at 4 º C. The use of soybean for the assembly of soy milk was studied. Soy milk was extracted from whole and dehulled seeds. All soy milk samples were analyzed for proximate composition (moisture%, ash%, total solids, fat) and therefore the organoleptic tests (color, appearance, texture, taste, flavor and overall acceptability) of the soy milk samples were evaluated to work out the shelf-stability of the merchandise throughout refrigeration and temperature storage. Proximate analysis of soymilk and buffalo milk showed that there was little difference between soymilk and buffalo milk as showed in tables maximum nutritional values as protein, fat, milk yield and carbohydrates 4.81, 2.09, 93 and 6.28% respectively for soymilk and for buffalo milk maximum nutritional values as protein, fat, milk yield and carbohydrates 4.36- 4.78, 6.4, 94 and 5.26% respectively. The study was designed to examine the effect of temperature on the shell-life of soymilk stored at 4 º C. It also aimed at developing shelf stable soya milk.
{"title":"EXTRACTION OF SOYA MILK FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF SOYA BEANS AND COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR BETTER NUTRITION WITH BUFFALO MILK","authors":"A. Shakeel, Muhammad Saeed, H. Aslam, N. Naheed, M. Shoaib, M. S. Raza, A. Noor","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.724","url":null,"abstract":"Soy foods have high plant protein content and contain polyphenol components, such as isoflavones. Different varieties of soya bean (Rawal 1, NARC 2, Ajmeri. William 82. Line 1 (SA-7260) and Line 2 (PSC-60) were compared and analyzed their nutritional and sensory characteristics. The better selected (William 82) variety of soya beans is compared with the buffalo milk, its nutritional values, taste and other parameters. This study examined the result of storage temperature on the shell-life of soya milk keep at 4 º C. The use of soybean for the assembly of soy milk was studied. Soy milk was extracted from whole and dehulled seeds. All soy milk samples were analyzed for proximate composition (moisture%, ash%, total solids, fat) and therefore the organoleptic tests (color, appearance, texture, taste, flavor and overall acceptability) of the soy milk samples were evaluated to work out the shelf-stability of the merchandise throughout refrigeration and temperature storage. Proximate analysis of soymilk and buffalo milk showed that there was little difference between soymilk and buffalo milk as showed in tables maximum nutritional values as protein, fat, milk yield and carbohydrates 4.81, 2.09, 93 and 6.28% respectively for soymilk and for buffalo milk maximum nutritional values as protein, fat, milk yield and carbohydrates 4.36- 4.78, 6.4, 94 and 5.26% respectively. The study was designed to examine the effect of temperature on the shell-life of soymilk stored at 4 º C. It also aimed at developing shelf stable soya milk.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116339372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
*Various pathogenic microorganisms affect plants. However, most diseases are caused by fungi, which have an enormous reproductive capacity and possess metabolic mechanisms capable to develop resistance to commercial fungicides. Fungi produce mycotoxins on crops and this represents a considerable risk to human and animal health. The most important genera of phytopathogenic fungi of the American continent are: Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Penicillium and Pythium, among others. Different strategies have been used for phytopatogenic fungi control, mainly by using synthetic fungicides. Currently, a great deal of attention has been paid towards exploitation of higher plant products as an innovative alternative in crops protection. The use of plant derived natural products has many advantages, such as little or no harmful side effects, rare cases of resistance, long-term control and completely or substantially eliminates the use of synthetic fungicides. Several plants belonging to the Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Papilionacea, Poaceae, Verbenaceae, families, have showed fungicide potential. Therefore, this review addresses occurrence of the most important phytopatogenic fungi and the current state of research regarding the potential of vegetable biodiversity in the development of plant derived natural products for the management of these pathogens in the American continent.
{"title":"PLANT-DERIVED NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM THE AMERICAN CONTINENT FOR THE CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI: A REVIEW","authors":"M. Ramírez-Mares, B. Hernández-Carlos","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.721","url":null,"abstract":"*Various pathogenic microorganisms affect plants. However, most diseases are caused by fungi, which have an enormous reproductive capacity and possess metabolic mechanisms capable to develop resistance to commercial fungicides. Fungi produce mycotoxins on crops and this represents a considerable risk to human and animal health. The most important genera of phytopathogenic fungi of the American continent are: Aspergillus, Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Penicillium and Pythium, among others. Different strategies have been used for phytopatogenic fungi control, mainly by using synthetic fungicides. Currently, a great deal of attention has been paid towards exploitation of higher plant products as an innovative alternative in crops protection. The use of plant derived natural products has many advantages, such as little or no harmful side effects, rare cases of resistance, long-term control and completely or substantially eliminates the use of synthetic fungicides. Several plants belonging to the Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Caprifoliaceae, Lamiaceae, Liliaceae, Papilionacea, Poaceae, Verbenaceae, families, have showed fungicide potential. Therefore, this review addresses occurrence of the most important phytopatogenic fungi and the current state of research regarding the potential of vegetable biodiversity in the development of plant derived natural products for the management of these pathogens in the American continent.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124455051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) on the growth, yield and quality of wheat were studied at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during the year 2009-10. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement with N rates as main plot factor i.e., optimum N at sowing: 120 kg ha -1 , excessive N at sowing: 200 kg ha -1 , optimum split N at sowing and anthesis: 60-60 kg ha -1 , excessive split N at sowing and anthesis: 100,100 kg ha -1 and Soil and foliar applied S as subplot factor i.e., Untreated/control, soil S at stem extension: 20 kg ha -1 , foliar S at stem extension: 20 kg ha - 1 , soil S at anthesis: 20 kg ha -1 , foliar S at anthesis: 20 kg ha -1 , foliar S at Stem extension and anthesis: 10,10 kg ha -1 were used. S application at stem extension (20 kg ha -1 ) either applied to soil or foliage of the crop caused greater grain yields irrespective of the dose of N application (optimum or excessive). The increased grain yields appeared to be the result of a higher number of spikes produced due to applied foliar S (20 kg ha -1 ) at stem extension or then it may be the result of a higher leaf area produced due to S (20 kg ha -1 ) application to the soil at stem extension. Sulphur at 20 kg ha -1 should be applied to the wheat crop at stem extension, either as foliar spray or to the soil alongside applications of an optimum dose of N, i.e., 120 kg ha -1 in order to improve both the quantity and quality of the produce.
2009- 2010年，白沙瓦农业大学研究了硫(S)和氮(N)对小麦生长、产量和品质的影响。随机完全区组设计(RCBD)分裂阴谋与N率作为主要情节因素即最佳N在播种:120公斤公顷1,在播种过量N: 200公斤公顷1,最优分割在播种和开花期N: 60-60公斤1公顷,过度分裂在播种和开花期N: 100100公斤公顷1和土壤和叶片应用S作为次要情节因素例如,未经处理的/控制,土壤年代茎扩展:20公斤公顷1,叶面在阀杆延伸:20公斤ha - 1,在开花期土壤年代:施用20 kg ha -1，花期叶面S: 20 kg ha -1，茎伸期和花期叶面S: 10,10 kg ha -1。不论施氮量(最佳施氮量或过量施氮量)如何，茎展时施氮(20 kg ha -1)均可使作物的土壤或叶片获得更高的粮食产量。增加的粮食产量似乎是由于茎展时施用叶面S (20 kg ha -1)产生的穗数较多，或者可能是由于茎展时土壤施用S (20 kg ha -1)产生的叶面积较多。为了提高产量和质量，应在小麦茎秆延伸时施用20公斤公顷-1的硫，既可以作为叶面喷施，也可以在土壤上施用最佳剂量的氮，即120公斤公顷-1。
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SULPHUR AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF WHEAT CROP GROWN IN PESHAWAR REGION OF PAKISTAN","authors":"R. Khan, Subhanullah, Z. Hussain, Z. Muhammad","doi":"10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/JGIASS/3.4.720","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) on the growth, yield and quality of wheat were studied at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during the year 2009-10. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) in split plot arrangement with N rates as main plot factor i.e., optimum N at sowing: 120 kg ha -1 , excessive N at sowing: 200 kg ha -1 , optimum split N at sowing and anthesis: 60-60 kg ha -1 , excessive split N at sowing and anthesis: 100,100 kg ha -1 and Soil and foliar applied S as subplot factor i.e., Untreated/control, soil S at stem extension: 20 kg ha -1 , foliar S at stem extension: 20 kg ha - 1 , soil S at anthesis: 20 kg ha -1 , foliar S at anthesis: 20 kg ha -1 , foliar S at Stem extension and anthesis: 10,10 kg ha -1 were used. S application at stem extension (20 kg ha -1 ) either applied to soil or foliage of the crop caused greater grain yields irrespective of the dose of N application (optimum or excessive). The increased grain yields appeared to be the result of a higher number of spikes produced due to applied foliar S (20 kg ha -1 ) at stem extension or then it may be the result of a higher leaf area produced due to S (20 kg ha -1 ) application to the soil at stem extension. Sulphur at 20 kg ha -1 should be applied to the wheat crop at stem extension, either as foliar spray or to the soil alongside applications of an optimum dose of N, i.e., 120 kg ha -1 in order to improve both the quantity and quality of the produce.","PeriodicalId":413709,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural and Social Sciences )","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114670024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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