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Propuesta metodológica para dibujar proyecciones isométricas 绘制等距投影的方法建议
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno/2020.v9n2e34.17-47
Manuel Morocho Amaguaya, Luis Danilo Flores Rivera, Carlos Fernando Meléndez Tamayo
espanolEl presente articulo muestra una propuesta metodologica para dibujar proyecciones isometricas; su procedimiento se caracteriza por articular el analisis, lo metodico y lo curioso al proceso; siendo de gran beneficio para los estudiantes de la carrera de Ingenieria en Mantenimiento Industrial, Facultad de Mecanica, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Chimborazo (ESPOCH). En el analisis, el metodo cumple con observar la disposicion de la pieza mecanica y sus vistas; en lo metodico, se ejecuta una secuencia de pasos que facilitan la construccion de la pieza mecanica y sus vistas; y en lo curioso, es el interes por la visualizacion y resultado final de la pieza mecanica. Por tanto, la metodologia y proceso empleado facilitan el aprendizaje y contribuyen a un pensamiento logico indispensable para las carreras de ingenieria. Lo indicado, se justifica con resultados satisfactorios de estudiantes aprobados 88 % de la asignatura de dibujo tecnico, en los ultimos 10 anos (2010 - 2019); asi como informacion satisfactoria que se obtuvo de una encuesta practicada a los estudiantes de dibujo tecnico semestre Octubre 2019 - Febrero 2020. EnglishThis article shows a methodological proposal to draw isometric projections; its procedure is characterized by articulating the analysis, the methodical and the curious to the process; being of great benefit for the students of the Industrial Maintenance Engineering, Faculty of Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH). In the analysis, the method complies with observing the arrangement of the mechanical part and its views; in the methodical, a sequence of steps that facilitate the construction of the mechanical part and its views is executed; and in the curious thing, it is the interest for the visualization and final result of the mechanical piece. Therefore, the methodology and process used facilitate learning and contribute to logical thinking essential for engineering careers. The above is justified with satisfactory results of approved students 88 % of the subject of technical drawing, in the last 10 years (2010 - 2019); as well as satisfactory information that was obtained from a survey conducted to students of technical drawing semester October 2019 - February 2020.
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引用次数: 0
Numerical data for wind turbine micrositing inspired by human dynasties by use of the Dynastic Optimization Algorithm (DOA) 基于动态优化算法(DOA)的受人类王朝启发的风力机微定位数值数据
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-06-15 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno/2020.v9n2e34.71-85
Shafiq-ur-Rehman Massan, Asim Imdad Wagan, Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh
This work presents the newly formulated Dynastic Optimization Algorithm, DOA as applied to the wind turbine micrositing problem. The data is acquired by the use of the standard MATLAB software at a wind speed of 12 m/s. The values of the efficiency of the algorithm, cost per installation of per unit turbine, and total dissipated power at each number of turbines installed are discussed. This algorithm is applied to two test functions and the results are described therein. It has been welldemonstrated that the proposed DOA exhibits superior performance over GA and DEA for test functions by hitting the minima very often and with higher precision. On the other hand DOA performance on WTM problem is also encouraging.
本文提出了一种新的动态优化算法DOA,并将其应用于风力涡轮机的微定位问题。通过使用标准MATLAB软件在12 m/s的风速下获取数据。讨论了算法的效率值、每台机组涡轮机的每次安装成本以及每台安装的涡轮机的总耗散功率。该算法被应用于两个测试函数,并在其中描述了结果。已经很好地证明,对于测试函数,所提出的DOA表现出优于GA和DEA的性能,因为它经常达到最小值,并且具有更高的精度。另一方面,在WTM问题上的DOA性能也令人鼓舞。
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引用次数: 1
Extended Kalman filter for estimation of contact forces at wheel-rail interface 用于估计轮轨接触力的扩展卡尔曼滤波器
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.279-301
Khakoo Mal, I. Hussain, B. S. Chowdhry, T. Memon
The wheel-track interface is the most significant part in the railway dynamics because the forces produced at wheel-track interface governs the dynamic behavior of entire vehicle. This contact force is complex and highly non-linear function of creep and affected with other railway vehicle parameters. The real knowledge of creep force is necessary for reliable and safe railway vehicle operation. This paper proposed model-based estimation technique to estimate non-linear wheelset dynamics. In this paper, non-linear railway wheelset is modeled and estimated using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Both wheelset model and EKF are developed and simulated in Simulink/MATLAB.
轮轨界面是铁路动力学中最重要的部分,因为轮轨界面处产生的力控制着整个车辆的动力学行为。这种接触力是蠕变的复杂且高度非线性的函数,并受其他铁路车辆参数的影响。真正了解蠕变力是铁路车辆可靠、安全运行所必需的。本文提出了一种基于模型的非线性轮对动力学估计技术。本文采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)对非线性铁路轮对进行建模和估计。建立了轮对模型和EKF,并在Simulink/MATLAB中进行了仿真。
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引用次数: 4
AC/DC critical conduction mode buck-boost converter with unity power factor 单位功率因数的交直流临界导通模式降压-升压变换器
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.93-105
A. H. Memon, Fazul Muhammad Noonari, Z. Memon, Ahmar Farooque, M. A. Uqaili
The buck-boost converter operating in critical conduction mode (CRM) is commonly utilized in various applications because of many advantages like protection against short circuit, minimum component count, low operating duct-cycle, and low voltage on MOSFETs. However, its input power factor (PF) is not high while operating in constant ontime control. To attain unity PF for universal input voltage range, a new control scheme of variable on-time control (VOTC) is proposed in this paper. The VOTC can be implemented by modulating the turn-on time of the buck-boost switch. The working principle and performance comparison of the converter is discussed with both types of control scheme. The input PF the converter is high in case of VOTC than the COTC. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy).
工作在临界导通模式(CRM)下的降压-升压转换器通常用于各种应用,因为它具有许多优点,如防止短路、最小元件数量、低工作管道周期和MOSFET上的低电压。然而,当在恒定持续时间控制中操作时,其输入功率因数(PF)并不高。为了在通用输入电压范围内获得单位PF,本文提出了一种新的可变导通时间控制(VOTC)控制方案。VOTC可以通过调制降压-升压开关的导通时间来实现。讨论了两种控制方案下变换器的工作原理和性能比较。在VOTC的情况下,转换器的输入PF高于COTC。仿真结果验证了所提出的控制策略的有效性)。
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引用次数: 3
Validating the optimum tilt angle for PV modules in the highveld of South Africa for the summer season 验证南非高原夏季光伏组件的最佳倾斜角度
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.137-157
M. Lehloka, A. Swart, P. Hertzog
Energy supply is a major problem in today’s world due to increase in demand, depleting of fossil fuels and increase in global warming due to carbon emission. The need for an alternate, overall efficient and environment-friendly energy system has ascended globally. Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be used to harness solar energy that is considered to be one of the most promising alternative energy sources. However, its efficiency is affected not only by varying environmental conditions but also by the installation of its PV modules. The purpose of this paper is to empirically validate the optimum tilt for PV modules in the Highveld of South Africa. Three fixed-axis PV modules installed at optimum tilt angles of Latitude minus 10°, Latitude, and Latitude plus 10° serve as the basis of this study. These optimum tilt angles are utilised based on the recommendations by Heywood and Chinnery. A key recommendation is that PV modules should be mounted at Latitude minus 10° for the summertime period in the Highveld region of South Africa.
能源供应是当今世界的一个主要问题,因为需求的增加,化石燃料的消耗以及碳排放导致的全球变暖。在全球范围内,对替代、全面高效和环境友好型能源系统的需求已经上升。光伏(PV)系统可用于利用太阳能,太阳能被认为是最有前途的替代能源之一。然而,其效率不仅受到不同环境条件的影响,还受到其光伏组件安装的影响。本文的目的是通过经验验证南非高原光伏组件的最佳倾斜。三个固定轴光伏组件安装在最佳倾角纬度- 10°,纬度和纬度+ 10°作为本研究的基础。这些最佳倾斜角度是根据Heywood和Chinnery的建议使用的。一个关键的建议是,在南非高原地区的夏季,光伏组件应该安装在纬度零下10°的地方。
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引用次数: 1
Automatic pizza cutting machine 全自动披萨切割机
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.181-193
Atif Saeed, Saud Sattar, A. Ferguson
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引用次数: 0
Advances in agumented reality (AR) for medical simulation and training 增强现实(AR)在医学模拟和训练中的进展
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.303-312
V. Ivanov, Alexander Klygach, Sam Shterenberg, S. Strelkov, J. K. Levy
Digital technologies are transforming the field of medical training, simulation and modeling. Advances in the field of virtual Augmented Reality (AR) and virtual simulation are described in detail, particularly as they relate to medical education and training. An overview of key medical simulation tools is provided in order provide foundational knowledge about this rapidly growing field. A timely and valuable original Augmented Realty system is put forward. The key components of this original system for medical training and simulation include the following three dimensions: advances in open surgery, realistic visualizations and innovative haptic was used. Each component of this Augmented Reality system is described in detail. First, the open surgery module emphasized appendectomies (the most common surgical procedures used in our model). Second, three different approaches for creating realistic and accurate 3D medical models were put forth. Third, haptic feedback involved the use of an enhanced Novint Falcon system in which a custom grip provides additional degrees of freedom. Finally, advances in game simulation, modeling and role playing are discussed for the field of emergency medicine.
数字技术正在改变医学培训、模拟和建模领域。详细描述了虚拟增强现实(AR)和虚拟模拟领域的进展,特别是与医学教育和培训有关的进展。概述了关键的医疗模拟工具,以提供有关这一快速发展的领域的基础知识。提出了一个及时而有价值的原创增强现实系统。这个原始的医疗培训和模拟系统的关键组成部分包括以下三个方面:开放手术的进步,逼真的可视化和创新的触觉。详细描述了该增强现实系统的每个组件。首先,开放手术模块强调阑尾切除术(我们模型中最常用的外科手术)。其次,提出了三种不同的方法来创建真实和精确的三维医学模型。第三,触觉反馈涉及使用增强的Novint Falcon系统,其中定制的握把提供了额外的自由度。最后,讨论了游戏仿真、建模和角色扮演在急诊医学领域的进展。
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引用次数: 3
An innovative jig to test mechanical bearings exposed to high voltage electrical current discharges 一种用于测试暴露于高压电流放电的机械轴承的创新夹具
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.195-215
N. Steenekamp, A. Swart
Premature bearing failures due to Electrical Current Discharge (ECD) has been recognised for almost a century. The purpose of this paper is to present an innovative jig that may be used to expose mechanical bearings to ECD, in order to clarify its associated effects on the bearing that need to be understood before any mitigating techniques can be proposed. An experimental design is used in this study. A method is presented using an ignition coil wiring harness of a vehicle to safely induce ECD across a specific bearing. Three samples were used and analysed with an optical and electron scanning microscope. The used ball bearing exposed to ECD showed micro-cratering, a result of electric current passage. Micro arching marks on the raceway surface of this bearing was also visible, and especially near the groove of the synthetic rubber seal and steel plate slinger. Surface pits were observed which were produced by electrical arching. A few deep scratches and indentations were observed on the raceway surface. This is due to abrasive wear particles embedded in the raceway surface sliding between the major bearing components. The aspect of electrical pitting wear and debris found in the lubricating oil are unknown and deserve further research from a tribological point of view. A recommendation is made to use this innovative jig to test the impact of ECD on bearings from other suppliers.
由于电流放电(ECD)导致的轴承过早失效已经被认识了近一个世纪。本文的目的是提出一种创新的夹具,可用于将机械轴承暴露于ECD,以澄清其对轴承的相关影响,在提出任何缓解技术之前需要了解这些影响。本研究采用实验设计。提出了一种使用车辆点火线圈线束安全诱导特定轴承上的ECD的方法。用光学和电子扫描显微镜对三个样品进行了分析。暴露在ECD下的旧球轴承由于电流通过而产生微孔。该轴承滚道表面上的微拱痕也可见,特别是在合成橡胶密封件和钢板弹弓的凹槽附近。观察到电拱产生的表面凹坑。在滚道表面观察到一些较深的划痕和压痕。这是由于嵌入在滚道表面的磨料磨损颗粒在主要轴承部件之间滑动。在润滑油中发现的电点蚀磨损和碎屑方面是未知的,值得从摩擦学的角度进一步研究。建议使用这种创新的夹具来测试ECD对其他供应商轴承的影响。
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引用次数: 1
IoT based fluid management automation system using Raspberry Pi and ultrasonic sensors 基于物联网的流体管理自动化系统,使用树莓派和超声波传感器
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.47-61
A. Urooj, Sallar Khan, Sana Shafiq, B. Ahmed, Abdul Basit, Shaheer Ansari
Water crises is one of the most important problem of current era, as a huge amount of water wasted every year especially in residential and industrial. Improper timings and extensive electric consumption are one of the hectic issues faced by the society. We have successfully created a Kivy application for the user in which they can control the fluid wastage problem with the integration of hardware that includes (Microcontrollers, Ultrasonic sensors, Relay shield, node MCU 8266, and contactor). Through the help of our designed application, user can control: Water level status, Motor accessibility (on/off), status of water consumption, message alert facility of fluid. In future work, we focus to enhance the water model and will try to promote it to immense water plants as well as it can be adopted by agriculture sectors.
水危机是当今时代最重要的问题之一,因为每年都有大量的水被浪费,特别是在住宅和工业中。不恰当的时间和大量的电力消耗是社会面临的紧迫问题之一。我们已经成功地为用户创建了一个Kivy应用程序,在这个应用程序中,用户可以通过集成硬件(微控制器、超声波传感器、继电器屏蔽、节点MCU 8266和接触器)来控制流体浪费问题。通过我们设计的应用程序,用户可以控制:水位状态,电机可达性(开/关),用水量状态,流体信息报警设施。在未来的工作中,我们将重点加强水模型,并尝试将其推广到大型水厂以及农业部门。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of COVID-19 epidemic on research activity of researcher in Pakistan Engineering University and its solution via technology 新冠肺炎疫情对巴基斯坦工程大学科研人员科研活动的影响及技术解决方案
IF 0.3 Pub Date : 2020-04-30 DOI: 10.17993/3ctecno.2020.specialissue5.249-263
Shafiq-ur-Rehman Massan, A. Dahri, M. M. Shaikh
This work focuses on taking the research from impact factor to impact which means that it would propose the best interventions required at both public and private sector universities to improve the research scenario in times of emergency. The timing of this work coincides with the current corona virus pandemic and it encompasses the best practices for such an era in modern times. It proposes the requisite revamping and careful reworking of the university towards becoming a research enabler for the students at a time of crisis. This article analyzes the effects of the Coronavirus disease on the researchers who must maintain social distance during confinement at the university and yet be able to carry out meaningful research by utilizing videoconferencing and other facilities.
这项工作的重点是将研究从影响因素转移到影响因素,这意味着它将提出公立和私立大学所需的最佳干预措施,以改善紧急情况下的研究情景。这项工作的时间恰逢当前的冠状病毒大流行,它涵盖了现代这个时代的最佳实践。它建议对大学进行必要的改造和精心改造,使其在危机时刻成为学生的研究推动者。本文分析了冠状病毒疾病对研究人员的影响,这些研究人员在大学禁闭期间必须保持社交距离,但却能够利用视频会议和其他设施进行有意义的研究。
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引用次数: 7
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3c Tecnologia
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