Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.06
Daiva Dapkutė
The article is dedicated to Antanas Olis (1898–1958), a Lithuanian American public and political figure, lawyer. It analyses the key moments of his life and activities, his influence in the political, public and cultural life of the emigre community. The article investigates the activities of Antanas Olis after Lithuania’s occupation by the Soviets when he actively joined political activities and made a special contribution in organising and participating in various political campaigns which sought to bring up the issue of Lithuania among Americans. Through his ties with Americans and his work in the national Republican Party group, Olis won his way to the broader horizons of the US politics in the attempt to draw attention to the case of the freedom of Lithuania. Keywords: Antanas Olis, USA, Chicago, Lithuanian diaspora, Nationalists, Republicans, political activities, Margutis, music. Summary The article is dedicated to Antanas Olis (1898–1958), a Lithuanian American public and political figure, lawyer. It analyses the key moments of his life and activities, his influence in the political, public and cultural life of the emigre community. Antanas Olis, who was the son of the prominent Lithuanian American businessman and public figure, the publisher and editor of the newspaper Lietuva Antanas Olsauskas, stood out as a highly ambitious and talented man. He was a lawyer, statesman, administrator, organiser of political and cultural events, talented musician and conductor. Antanas Olis, one of the leaders and ideologists of Lithuanian American Nationalists, a founder of the United Lithuanian Relief Fund of America (BALF) and vice president of the Lithuanian American Council (LAC), is still often mentioned as one of the Lithuanian American pioneers who made remarkable achievements and left his mark in the area of both Lithuanian and American politics. He was a member of the Republican Party, president and trustee of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, one of the major political bodies in Chicago. After Lithuania’s occupation by the Soviets, Olis actively joined political activities and made a remarkable contribution in organising and participating in various political campaigns which sought to draw the attention of Americans to the issue of Lithuania. Through his ties with Americans and his work in the national Republican Party group, Olis won his way to the broader horizons of the US politics, made frequent visits to Washington, cooperated with the US politicians, congressmen and senators in order to achieve the active approval of the US politicians and their support for the restoration of Lithuania’s independence.
本文谨献给立陶宛裔美国公众和政治人物、律师安塔纳斯·奥利斯(1898-1958)。它分析了他生活和活动的关键时刻，以及他在移民社区的政治、公共和文化生活中的影响。本文调查了Antanas Olis在立陶宛被苏联占领后的活动，当时他积极参加政治活动，并在组织和参加旨在向美国人提出立陶宛问题的各种政治运动方面作出了特殊贡献。通过他与美国人的联系以及他在全国共和党小组的工作，奥利斯在试图引起人们对立陶宛自由事件的关注时，赢得了通往美国政治更广阔视野的道路。关键词:Antanas Olis，美国，芝加哥，立陶宛侨民，民族主义者，共和党人，政治活动，马古蒂斯，音乐。本文献给立陶宛裔美国公众和政治人物、律师安塔纳斯·奥利斯(1898-1958)。它分析了他生活和活动的关键时刻，以及他在移民社区的政治、公共和文化生活中的影响。安塔纳斯·奥利斯的父亲是著名的立陶宛裔美国商人和公众人物，也是《利图瓦·安塔纳斯·奥尔索斯卡斯报》的出版商和编辑。他是一个雄心勃勃、才华横溢的人。他是律师、政治家、行政官员、政治和文化活动的组织者、天才音乐家和指挥家。安塔纳斯·奥利斯(Antanas Olis)是立陶宛裔美国民族主义者的领袖和思想家之一，美国立陶宛联合救济基金(BALF)的创始人，立陶宛裔美国人理事会(LAC)的副主席，他是立陶宛裔美国人的先驱之一，在立陶宛和美国的政治领域都取得了显著的成就，留下了自己的印记。他是共和党成员，芝加哥主要政治机构之一的大芝加哥大都会卫生区(Metropolitan sanitation District of Greater Chicago)的主席和受托人。立陶宛被苏联占领后，奥利斯积极参加政治活动，并在组织和参加各种政治运动方面作出了卓越的贡献，这些运动旨在引起美国人对立陶宛问题的注意。通过与美国人的联系和在全国共和党小组的工作，奥利斯获得了更广阔的美国政治视野，他经常访问华盛顿，与美国政界人士、国会议员和参议员合作，取得了美国政界人士的积极认可和他们对立陶宛恢复独立的支持。
{"title":"Antanas Olis: „Aš neturėjau laimės pamatyti Lietuvos“","authors":"Daiva Dapkutė","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to Antanas Olis (1898–1958), a Lithuanian American public and political figure, lawyer. It analyses the key moments of his life and activities, his influence in the political, public and cultural life of the emigre community. The article investigates the activities of Antanas Olis after Lithuania’s occupation by the Soviets when he actively joined political activities and made a special contribution in organising and participating in various political campaigns which sought to bring up the issue of Lithuania among Americans. Through his ties with Americans and his work in the national Republican Party group, Olis won his way to the broader horizons of the US politics in the attempt to draw attention to the case of the freedom of Lithuania. Keywords: Antanas Olis, USA, Chicago, Lithuanian diaspora, Nationalists, Republicans, political activities, Margutis, music. Summary The article is dedicated to Antanas Olis (1898–1958), a Lithuanian American public and political figure, lawyer. It analyses the key moments of his life and activities, his influence in the political, public and cultural life of the emigre community. Antanas Olis, who was the son of the prominent Lithuanian American businessman and public figure, the publisher and editor of the newspaper Lietuva Antanas Olsauskas, stood out as a highly ambitious and talented man. He was a lawyer, statesman, administrator, organiser of political and cultural events, talented musician and conductor. Antanas Olis, one of the leaders and ideologists of Lithuanian American Nationalists, a founder of the United Lithuanian Relief Fund of America (BALF) and vice president of the Lithuanian American Council (LAC), is still often mentioned as one of the Lithuanian American pioneers who made remarkable achievements and left his mark in the area of both Lithuanian and American politics. He was a member of the Republican Party, president and trustee of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, one of the major political bodies in Chicago. After Lithuania’s occupation by the Soviets, Olis actively joined political activities and made a remarkable contribution in organising and participating in various political campaigns which sought to draw the attention of Americans to the issue of Lithuania. Through his ties with Americans and his work in the national Republican Party group, Olis won his way to the broader horizons of the US politics, made frequent visits to Washington, cooperated with the US politicians, congressmen and senators in order to achieve the active approval of the US politicians and their support for the restoration of Lithuania’s independence.","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48334908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.15823/istorija.2018.05
Juozas Skirius
{"title":"Dokumentų rinkinys apie JAV lietuvių pastangas atkurti Lietuvos valstybingumą per paskutinį šimtmetį","authors":"Juozas Skirius","doi":"10.15823/istorija.2018.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2018.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43722825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.04
R. Juzefovičius
{"title":"Lietuvos kultūrinio ir akademinio gyvenimo reglamentavimas sovietmečio cenzūroje","authors":"R. Juzefovičius","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43359726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-22DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.02
Vaida Kamuntavičienė
Kėdainiai was a multicultural city in the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From the second half of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century Protestants made up the majority of the population. The article sets out to analyse the material situation of the Kėdainiai Catholic parish in the 17th century, the relations between Catholics and Protestants, as well as the relations within the Catholic community. It aims to reveal the problems faced by the priests of the Catholic parish in the administration of the parish situated on the border between Vilnius and Samogitian dioceses and between Catholic and Protestant communities. The research was carried out on the basis of the material from the Archive of the Kėdainiai Catholic Parish, the data of visitations and inventories and other manuscript sources. Keywords: Kėdainiai, Holy Trinity and Saint George Parish, Catholics, Protestants, 17th century. Summary The article intends to show how parishioners supported Kėdainiai Holy Trinity and Saint George Church, what material, administrative and pastoral care related requirements were placed on priests, what conflicts used to arise and how they were solved in a multi-cultural parish. The research found that in the 17th century the Kėdainiai Catholic parish received its material support from the estate of Kunigiszki as well as the folwark of Boiany granted by Krzysztof Radziwill in 1627, the folwark of Paxteliszki bequeathed by the resident of Kėdainiai Kristina Paxtelowa in 1657 and the estate of Andrukiszki granted by the nobleman of Kaunas district, royal secretary, clerk of the Kaunas Castle Stefan Franciszek Medeksza in 1667. Several noblemen (Zabiello, Szukszta, etc.) granted certain sums of money to the parish the recovery of which would sometimes even lead to court proceedings. Quite a few noblemen and townspeople (including the Gypsies of Kėdainiai) gave various liturgical objects to the church and decorated altars with votive offerings – the signs of gratitude for the mercies received. The study showed that a number of conflicts between Catholics and Protestants as well as within the Catholic community used to arise in the Holy Trinity and Saint George Parish. In the first half of the 17th century the Protestants of Kėdainiai restricted the organization of the major annual holiday of the Catholic parish – the Feast of Corpus Christi – in the city by not allowing to hold a procession from the church to the Town Hall Square and to have a divine service near the temporary altars set up in the city. In the second half of the 17th century the forces of Evangelicals reduced in the city, but Catholics engaged in conflicts among themselves over material valuables and the ways of expanding the Catholic faith in the city. The townspeople raised their requirements for the priest as regards the administration of the parish property as well as education and pastoral care related affairs. In the second half of the 17th century the townspeople of Kėda
凯代尼艾是立陶宛大公国时代的一座多元文化城市。从16世纪下半叶到17世纪末，新教徒占人口的大多数。本文分析了17世纪凯代尼艾天主教教区的物质状况、天主教徒与新教徒之间的关系以及天主教社区内部的关系。它旨在揭示天主教教区牧师在管理位于维尔纽斯和萨莫吉亚教区之间以及天主教和新教社区之间的教区时所面临的问题。这项研究是根据凯代尼艾天主教教区档案馆的材料、访问和库存数据以及其他手稿来源进行的。关键词：凯代尼艾，圣三一和圣乔治教区，天主教徒，新教徒，17世纪。摘要本文旨在展示教区居民如何支持凯代尼艾圣三一教堂和圣乔治教堂，对牧师提出了哪些物质、行政和牧业护理相关要求，过去会出现哪些冲突，以及在多元文化的教区中如何解决这些冲突。研究发现，在17世纪，天主教凯代尼艾教区得到了库尼吉什基遗产、克日什托夫·拉齐威尔于1627年授予的博伊尼福华克、凯代尼艾·克里斯蒂娜·帕克斯特洛娃居民于1657年遗赠的帕克斯特利什基福华克和考纳斯区贵族、皇家秘书授予的安德鲁基什基遗产的物质支持，1667年考纳斯城堡的职员Stefan Franciszek Medeksza。几个贵族（Zabiello、Szukszta等）向教区发放了一定数额的资金，收回这些资金有时甚至会导致法庭诉讼。相当多的贵族和市民（包括凯代尼艾的吉普赛人）向教堂赠送了各种礼拜用品，并用还愿祭品装饰祭坛——这是对所受仁慈的感谢。研究表明，天主教和新教徒之间以及天主教社区内部曾经在圣三一和圣乔治教区发生过一些冲突。17世纪上半叶，凯代尼艾的新教徒限制了天主教教区一年一度的重大节日——科珀斯克里斯蒂节——在该市的组织，不允许举行从教堂到市政厅广场的游行，也不允许在该市临时祭坛附近举行神圣仪式。17世纪下半叶，福音派在该市的势力减少，但天主教徒之间因物质贵重物品和在该市扩大天主教信仰的方式而发生冲突。市民们在教区财产管理以及教育和牧业护理相关事务方面提高了对牧师的要求。在17世纪下半叶，凯代尼艾的市民计划建立一座小修道院和一所高标准的天主教学校，由专业的世俗教师在里面教学，并参与教区收入的分配。
{"title":"Kėdainių katalikų parapija XVII a.: parama ir konfliktai","authors":"Vaida Kamuntavičienė","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2018.02","url":null,"abstract":"Kėdainiai was a multicultural city in the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. From the second half of the 16th century to the end of the 17th century Protestants made up the majority of the population. The article sets out to analyse the material situation of the Kėdainiai Catholic parish in the 17th century, the relations between Catholics and Protestants, as well as the relations within the Catholic community. It aims to reveal the problems faced by the priests of the Catholic parish in the administration of the parish situated on the border between Vilnius and Samogitian dioceses and between Catholic and Protestant communities. The research was carried out on the basis of the material from the Archive of the Kėdainiai Catholic Parish, the data of visitations and inventories and other manuscript sources. Keywords: Kėdainiai, Holy Trinity and Saint George Parish, Catholics, Protestants, 17th century. Summary The article intends to show how parishioners supported Kėdainiai Holy Trinity and Saint George Church, what material, administrative and pastoral care related requirements were placed on priests, what conflicts used to arise and how they were solved in a multi-cultural parish. The research found that in the 17th century the Kėdainiai Catholic parish received its material support from the estate of Kunigiszki as well as the folwark of Boiany granted by Krzysztof Radziwill in 1627, the folwark of Paxteliszki bequeathed by the resident of Kėdainiai Kristina Paxtelowa in 1657 and the estate of Andrukiszki granted by the nobleman of Kaunas district, royal secretary, clerk of the Kaunas Castle Stefan Franciszek Medeksza in 1667. Several noblemen (Zabiello, Szukszta, etc.) granted certain sums of money to the parish the recovery of which would sometimes even lead to court proceedings. Quite a few noblemen and townspeople (including the Gypsies of Kėdainiai) gave various liturgical objects to the church and decorated altars with votive offerings – the signs of gratitude for the mercies received. The study showed that a number of conflicts between Catholics and Protestants as well as within the Catholic community used to arise in the Holy Trinity and Saint George Parish. In the first half of the 17th century the Protestants of Kėdainiai restricted the organization of the major annual holiday of the Catholic parish – the Feast of Corpus Christi – in the city by not allowing to hold a procession from the church to the Town Hall Square and to have a divine service near the temporary altars set up in the city. In the second half of the 17th century the forces of Evangelicals reduced in the city, but Catholics engaged in conflicts among themselves over material valuables and the ways of expanding the Catholic faith in the city. The townspeople raised their requirements for the priest as regards the administration of the parish property as well as education and pastoral care related affairs. In the second half of the 17th century the townspeople of Kėda","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47523511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.23
Ingrida Jakubavičienė
{"title":"Tarpukario Lietuvos įvykiai ir žmonės žvalgo atsiminimuose","authors":"Ingrida Jakubavičienė","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42477848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15823/istorija.2017.22
Juozas Skirius
The article provides a brief presentation of Juozas Gabrys-Parsaitis, a Lithuanian political figure. It discusses the research papers dedicated to him and gives evaluations. More attention is paid to his correspondence with the editor of the Lithuanian-American newspaper Draugas, priest Antanas Kaupas between 1911 and 1913. It publishes their letters focusing on the financing of Gabrys-Parsaitis’ propaganda activities in Western Europe. The letters also discuss the issues of publications in propaganda material and try to find the authors of potential publications. Keywords: Juozas Gabrys-Parsaitis, Antanas Kaupas, Paris, Lithuanian Information Bureau, Union des Nationalites, Lithuanian Americans, Draugas, Annales des Nationalites. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2017.22
这篇文章简要介绍了立陶宛政治人物Juozas Gabrys-Parsaitis。讨论了他的研究论文，并给出了评价。1911年至1913年间，他与立陶宛裔美国报纸《德拉加斯》(Draugas)的编辑、牧师安塔纳斯·考帕斯(Antanas Kaupas)的通信更受关注。它公布了他们的信件，重点关注盖布里斯-帕萨蒂斯在西欧的宣传活动的资金。这些信件还讨论了宣传材料中的出版物问题，并试图找到潜在出版物的作者。关键词:Juozas Gabrys-Parsaitis, Antanas Kaupas, Paris，立陶宛新闻局，民族联盟，立陶宛美国人，dragas，《民族年鉴》DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2017.22
{"title":"Juozas Gabrys-Paršaitis ir jo korespondencija su JAV lietuvių dienraščio Draugas redaktoriumi kunigu Antanu Kaupu 1911–1913 metais","authors":"Juozas Skirius","doi":"10.15823/istorija.2017.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2017.22","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a brief presentation of Juozas Gabrys-Parsaitis, a Lithuanian political figure. It discusses the research papers dedicated to him and gives evaluations. More attention is paid to his correspondence with the editor of the Lithuanian-American newspaper Draugas, priest Antanas Kaupas between 1911 and 1913. It publishes their letters focusing on the financing of Gabrys-Parsaitis’ propaganda activities in Western Europe. The letters also discuss the issues of publications in propaganda material and try to find the authors of potential publications. Keywords: Juozas Gabrys-Parsaitis, Antanas Kaupas, Paris, Lithuanian Information Bureau, Union des Nationalites, Lithuanian Americans, Draugas, Annales des Nationalites. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2017.22","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41964685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.21
Rubenas Bukavickas
Based on the Soviet Lithuanian periodical press of 1941–1945, the article analyzes the expression of territorial claims of the Soviet Lithuanian leadership from the beginning of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union until the restoration of Soviet Lithuania in 1945. The article explains when and how the Lithuanian irredentism was actualized and how its form evolved. The irredentist discourse of Soviet Lithuania is analyzed in the light of the circumstances of the restoration and territorial transformation of Soviet Lithuania at the end of World War II. In fact, in 1944–1945, new Soviet Lithuania was created, which included Vilnius and Klaipėda. Therefore, the article focuses on the “traditionally” dominant territories on the western side of the Lithuanian lands, namely, Klaipėda region and another part of East Prussia beyond the Nemunas River. Keywords: World War II, Soviet Lithuania, Lithuanian SSR, East Prussia, Klaipėda region, irredentism, irredentist discourse. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2017.21 Summary From the appearance of Lithuanian irredentism at the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1941, the expression of Lithuanian irredentism depended on the geopolitical position of the major neighboring states. It had an influence on the expression of Lithuanian irredentism even when Lithuania was independent and it had Klaipėda region as a constituent part, and also when Lithuania was a part of the Soviet Union. During World War II Lithuanian irredentism was actualized as an element of Soviet politics that should have consolidated Lithuanians against Germans in the Soviet Union war with Germany. As the Red Army started the “liberation” of Lithuania, the leadership of Soviet Lithuania declared an objective to “liberate” not only the territory of Soviet Lithuania, but also Klaipėda region as well as another part of East Prussia beyond the Nemunas River. Soviet Lithuanian leaders borrowed the ideological conception of “liberation of Lithuanian lands” and their “consolidation” into one Soviet Lithuania from the history of Russia. The Soviet Lithuanian leadership presented itself as the executor of a historical mission – the only power that is capable of and must “liberate” all “Lithuanian lands invaded” by Germans and incorporate them into the territorial composition of Soviet Lithuania, which was being restored. From the “liberation” of Vilnius to Klaipėda “liberation” it was not clear what the territorial boundaries of Soviet Lithuania were going to be, and therefore the meaning of the “liberation of Soviet Lithuania” was separated into abstract “liberation” of “Lithuanian lands”. The problem of the international recognition of Soviet Lithuanian “statehood” being in the composition of the Soviet Union and the politics of the Soviet Union towards Soviet republics had a certain influence on the expression of territorial claims of the Soviet Lithuanian leadership in the irre
{"title":"Iredentinis diskursas Tarybų Lietuvos spaudoje 1941–1945 metais: nuo teritorinių pretenzijų iki „lietuviškų žemių sujungimo“","authors":"Rubenas Bukavickas","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.21","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the Soviet Lithuanian periodical press of 1941–1945, the article analyzes the expression of territorial claims of the Soviet Lithuanian leadership from the beginning of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union until the restoration of Soviet Lithuania in 1945. The article explains when and how the Lithuanian irredentism was actualized and how its form evolved. The irredentist discourse of Soviet Lithuania is analyzed in the light of the circumstances of the restoration and territorial transformation of Soviet Lithuania at the end of World War II. In fact, in 1944–1945, new Soviet Lithuania was created, which included Vilnius and Klaipėda. Therefore, the article focuses on the “traditionally” dominant territories on the western side of the Lithuanian lands, namely, Klaipėda region and another part of East Prussia beyond the Nemunas River. Keywords: World War II, Soviet Lithuania, Lithuanian SSR, East Prussia, Klaipėda region, irredentism, irredentist discourse. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2017.21 Summary From the appearance of Lithuanian irredentism at the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the war between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1941, the expression of Lithuanian irredentism depended on the geopolitical position of the major neighboring states. It had an influence on the expression of Lithuanian irredentism even when Lithuania was independent and it had Klaipėda region as a constituent part, and also when Lithuania was a part of the Soviet Union. During World War II Lithuanian irredentism was actualized as an element of Soviet politics that should have consolidated Lithuanians against Germans in the Soviet Union war with Germany. As the Red Army started the “liberation” of Lithuania, the leadership of Soviet Lithuania declared an objective to “liberate” not only the territory of Soviet Lithuania, but also Klaipėda region as well as another part of East Prussia beyond the Nemunas River. Soviet Lithuanian leaders borrowed the ideological conception of “liberation of Lithuanian lands” and their “consolidation” into one Soviet Lithuania from the history of Russia. The Soviet Lithuanian leadership presented itself as the executor of a historical mission – the only power that is capable of and must “liberate” all “Lithuanian lands invaded” by Germans and incorporate them into the territorial composition of Soviet Lithuania, which was being restored. From the “liberation” of Vilnius to Klaipėda “liberation” it was not clear what the territorial boundaries of Soviet Lithuania were going to be, and therefore the meaning of the “liberation of Soviet Lithuania” was separated into abstract “liberation” of “Lithuanian lands”. The problem of the international recognition of Soviet Lithuanian “statehood” being in the composition of the Soviet Union and the politics of the Soviet Union towards Soviet republics had a certain influence on the expression of territorial claims of the Soviet Lithuanian leadership in the irre","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41677148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.18
L. Slutskaya
This article is devoted to Franco-Lithuanian relations after the proclamation of the independence of Lithuania in 1918 and before the revolt in Memel in 1923. Efforts and contradictions, which emerged in the process of involving Lithuania in the sphere of French interests in the context of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict, and geopolitical confrontations of the states interested in establishing influence and control in the Baltic region are considered and evaluated. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the goals set before the military mission in Lithuania, which were not realized because of the French support for Poland in the Polish-Lithuanian territorial dispute, were identified.
{"title":"Franco–Lithuanian Relations in the Context of Geopolitical Confrontation, 1918–1923","authors":"L. Slutskaya","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.18","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to Franco-Lithuanian relations after the proclamation of the independence of Lithuania in 1918 and before the revolt in Memel in 1923. Efforts and contradictions, which emerged in the process of involving Lithuania in the sphere of French interests in the context of the Polish-Lithuanian conflict, and geopolitical confrontations of the states interested in establishing influence and control in the Baltic region are considered and evaluated. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the goals set before the military mission in Lithuania, which were not realized because of the French support for Poland in the Polish-Lithuanian territorial dispute, were identified.","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45592450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-06DOI: 10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.20
V. Stravinskienė
On 27 October 1939, Vilnius and its region de facto became a part of Lithuania. The process of integration of the city and the whole region into the Republic of Lithuania, which also involved the resettlement of certain public authorities and institutions in the historical capital, began. The article analyses the transfer of Lithuanian public authorities and institutions from Kaunas to Vilnius between 1939 and 1940, reveals the position of the Lithuanian government regarding their relocation to Vilnius, its mechanism, discusses the results achieved, their statistical expression, and the impact on the ethnic-demographic situation in Vilnius.
{"title":"Transfer of Public Authorities and Institutions of the Republic of Lithuania to Vilnius in 1939–1940: Plans and Their Implementation","authors":"V. Stravinskienė","doi":"10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15823/ISTORIJA.2017.20","url":null,"abstract":"On 27 October 1939, Vilnius and its region de facto became a part of Lithuania. The process of integration of the city and the whole region into the Republic of Lithuania, which also involved the resettlement of certain public authorities and institutions in the historical capital, began. The article analyses the transfer of Lithuanian public authorities and institutions from Kaunas to Vilnius between 1939 and 1940, reveals the position of the Lithuanian government regarding their relocation to Vilnius, its mechanism, discusses the results achieved, their statistical expression, and the impact on the ethnic-demographic situation in Vilnius.","PeriodicalId":41389,"journal":{"name":"Istorija","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46940915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：