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Big Data and Organizational Decision Making 大数据与组织决策
Pub Date : 2015-06-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2617452
M. Mithani
Big data promises a significant change in the nature of information processing, and hence, decision making. The general reaction to this trend is that the access and availability of large amounts of data will improve the quality of individual and organizational decisions. However, there are also concerns that our expectations may not be entirely correct. Rather than simplifying decisions, big data may actually increase the difficulty of making effective choices. We synthesize the current state of research and explain how the fundamental implications of big data offer both a promise for improvement but also a challenge to our capacity for decision making.
大数据有望在信息处理的本质上产生重大变化,从而改变决策。对这一趋势的普遍反应是,大量数据的访问和可用性将提高个人和组织决策的质量。然而,也有人担心,我们的预期可能并不完全正确。大数据不仅不会简化决策,反而可能增加做出有效选择的难度。我们综合了目前的研究状况,并解释了大数据的基本含义如何既提供了改进的希望,也对我们的决策能力提出了挑战。
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引用次数: 1
Logistics Information System Adoption and Firm Performance in the Suppliers Automotive Industry in Spain 西班牙汽车供应商的物流信息系统采用与企业绩效
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2626400
Pablo Gonzalo-Lázaro, Ruth Mateos de Cabo, Juan Carlos García-Villalobos
The aim of this paper is to study the adoption of logistic information systems (LIS) in the automotive supplier industry of Spain and their implications on firm performance. We conducted a survey on more than 200 companies. Using a structural equation model, estimated by the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique, we find out that the adoption of LIS produces a direct but weak positive outcome on firm performance and a significant impact over logistic performance and flexibility.
本文的目的是研究西班牙汽车供应商行业采用物流信息系统(LIS)及其对企业绩效的影响。我们对200多家公司进行了调查。使用结构方程模型,通过偏最小二乘(PLS)技术估计,我们发现LIS的采用对企业绩效产生了直接但微弱的积极结果,并对物流绩效和灵活性产生了显著影响。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Entrepreneurship: A Study of Sri Lankan SMEs 动态能力与战略创业:斯里兰卡中小企业研究
Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2694203
P. Jayathilake
Strategic entrepreneurship has been widely acknowledged as the appropriate context representing the way of creating value in business organization. However, yet we do not fully understand the process of strategic entrepreneurship or elements of it that give rise to them and as such strategic entrepreneurship remains in need of further explanation. This study primary believes that any concept or business model is required to address the dynamic changes in the markets. Thus, this study explains the dynamic capability concept and its role in perpetuating entrepreneurial and strategic actions in the SMEs. The dynamic view of resource based theory is adopted from firm level framework used to identify the unique bundle of dynamic capabilities that promote firm’s entrepreneurial and strategic actions. The identified framework was validated from the empirical data gathered through the explorative questionnaire survey of 488 manufacturing SMEs in Sri Lanka. The finding suggests that SMEs are better able to address market challenges when they have strong dynamic abilities that engaged them in strategic entrepreneurship. The study thus encourages SMEs to create and develop dynamic capabilities, not only because it sustains their livelihood over generation, but because it also facilitates the entrepreneurial and strategic actions in creating the firm’s wealth.
战略企业家精神被广泛认为是代表企业组织创造价值方式的合适语境。然而,我们并不完全了解战略企业家精神的过程或产生战略企业家精神的因素,因此,战略企业家精神仍需要进一步解释。这项研究主要认为,任何概念或商业模式都需要解决市场的动态变化。因此,本研究解释了动态能力概念及其在中小企业创业和战略行动永续化中的作用。从企业层面框架出发,采用资源基础理论的动态观点,识别促进企业创业和战略行动的独特动态能力束。通过对斯里兰卡488家制造业中小企业的探索性问卷调查收集的实证数据,对所确定的框架进行了验证。这一发现表明,当中小企业拥有强大的动态能力,参与战略创业时,它们能够更好地应对市场挑战。因此,该研究鼓励中小企业创造和发展动态能力,不仅因为它维持了他们一代又一代的生计,而且因为它也促进了创造公司财富的创业和战略行动。
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引用次数: 2
The Adoption of Network Goods: Evidence from the Spread of Mobile Phones in Rwanda 网络商品的采用:来自卢旺达移动电话传播的证据
Pub Date : 2015-04-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2616524
Daniel Björkegren
This paper develops a method to estimate and simulate the adoption of a network good. I estimate demand for mobile phones as a function of individuals’ social networks, coverage, and prices, using transaction data from nearly the entire network of Rwandan mobile phone subscribers over 4.5 years. Because subscribers pay on the margin for calls, the calls placed reveal the value of communicating with each contact. This feature allows me to overcome traditional difficulties in measuring network effects, by estimating the utility of adopting a phone based on its eventual usage. I use this structural model to simulate the effects of two governmental policies. An adoption subsidy had a high social rate of return, and spillovers accounted for a substantial fraction of its impact. A requirement to serve rural areas lowered the operator’s profits but increased net social welfare. Benefits from this policy were widely dispersed, with the majority accruing to individuals in areas where coverage was not affected.
本文提出了一种估算和模拟网络商品采用率的方法。我利用卢旺达近4.5年的整个移动电话用户网络的交易数据,将移动电话的需求作为个人社交网络、覆盖范围和价格的函数来估计。由于订阅者为通话支付保证金,因此所拨打的电话显示了与每个联系人通信的价值。这个功能让我克服了衡量网络效应的传统困难,根据手机的最终使用情况来估计使用它的效用。我用这个结构模型来模拟两种政府政策的影响。收养补贴具有很高的社会回报率,溢出效应占其影响的很大一部分。向农村地区提供服务的要求降低了运营商的利润,但增加了净社会福利。这一政策的好处分布很广,其中大部分都是覆盖范围未受影响地区的个人获得的。
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引用次数: 79
A New Paradigm in Higher Education in India 印度高等教育的新范式
Pub Date : 2014-12-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2543730
D. Amutha
India has a massive 1.2 billion population of which a high proportion of them are young. The demand for education in developing countries like India has skyrocketed as education is still regarded as an important bridge of social, economic and political mobility. India has innumerable challenges in terms of infrastructure, socio-economic, linguistic and physical barriers for people who wish to access education. The focus of this paper is to examine the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in with a new paradigm in higher education in India in the 21st century. India has a billion-plus population and a high proportion of the young and hence it has a large formal education system. The demand for education in developing countries like India has skyrocketed as education is still regarded as an important bridge of social, economic and political mobility. There exist infrastructure, socio-economic, linguistic and physical barriers in India for people who wish to access education. This includes infrastructure, teacher and the processes quality. There exist drawbacks in general education in India as well as all over the world like lack of learning materials, teachers, remoteness of education facilities, high dropout rate etc. Innovative use of Information and Communication Technology can potentially solve this problem. Internet usage in home and work place has grown exponentially. ICT has the potential to remove the barriers that are causing the problems of low rate of education in any country. It can be used as a tool to overcome the issues of cost, less number of teachers, and poor quality of education as well as to overcome time and distance barriers. To conclude, Higher education in India is an extraordinarily important part of modern Indian society and it is intertwined in the political and social systems of the society. It is in need of change, development and important. In order to effectively plan for reforms and improvement, it is necessary to have in realistic perceptions of what is possible and what is not.
印度有12亿人口,其中很大一部分是年轻人。在印度等发展中国家,教育仍然被视为社会、经济和政治流动的重要桥梁,对教育的需求直线上升。对于希望接受教育的人来说,印度在基础设施、社会经济、语言和物理障碍方面面临着无数挑战。本文的重点是研究信息和通信技术(ICT)在21世纪印度高等教育中的新范式中的作用。印度有10多亿人口,年轻人的比例很高,因此它有一个庞大的正规教育体系。在印度等发展中国家,教育仍然被视为社会、经济和政治流动的重要桥梁,对教育的需求直线上升。对于希望接受教育的人来说,印度存在基础设施、社会经济、语言和物理障碍。这包括基础设施、教师和过程质量。印度和世界各地的通识教育都存在缺陷,比如缺乏学习材料、教师、教育设施偏远、辍学率高等。信息和通信技术的创新使用可以潜在地解决这个问题。家庭和工作场所的互联网使用量呈指数级增长。信息和通信技术有可能消除在任何国家造成低受教育率问题的障碍。它可以作为一种工具来克服成本、教师数量少、教育质量差等问题,并克服时间和距离的障碍。总之,印度的高等教育是现代印度社会非常重要的一部分,它与社会的政治和社会制度交织在一起。它需要改变、需要发展、需要重要。为了有效地规划改革和改进,有必要实事求是地认识到什么是可能的,什么是不可能的。
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引用次数: 2
Effect of Online Reviews on Customers of Bangalore-Based Real Estate Company - An Exploratory Study 在线评论对班加罗尔房地产公司客户的影响——一项探索性研究
Pub Date : 2014-12-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2542697
S. Sridhar, B. Harish
Social media, consumer forums, review sites and blogs facilitate wider and faster sharing of customer experiences. Consumers look at user-generated reviews in consumer portals before deciding to purchase products/services. This Paper aims at studying effects of online reviews on intentions of existing and potential customers to pursue specific actions with regard to budget- and mid-range housing projects offered by a Bangalore-based realty company (Bangalore Realty Limited - BRL). Main data set for the study comprises of 221 user online reviews - in eight consumer review/complaint portals over a period of four years (2010-2014), supplemented by personal interviews of 25 customers. Online reviews are subjected to manual content analysis. Emergent themes in the reviews are identified and frequencies for negative and positive themes, valence and outcomes - which culminate in actions such as ‘taking legal recourse’, ‘withdrawal from the project’ or intentions ‘not to recommend’ and ‘to recommend’ - are determined. Such intentions expressed in reviews convey strong messages as further “threads” and “comments” are generated. Parameters like ‘Mean time to get the complaints resolved’ (in case of registration of sites and getting refunds on cancellation) are determined. This study reveals that user-generated online reviews help customers for making decisions about ‘continuance’ or ‘withdrawal’ or ‘staying away’ from the projects of BRL. At the same time BRL itself benefits from monitoring and responding to such reviews through setting up of appropriate customer complaints handling system, for gathering, transmitting and resolution of issues raised in online reviews, which would minimize harmful effect of negative reviews and maximize beneficial effect of positive reviews. Giving timely responses to customer complaints/online reviews, and periodic communication about project status may not require additional capital outlay or human resources. BRL’s current policy of ignoring or being indifferent to online reviews would be detrimental for its revenues, reputation and future growth. Study is based on analysis of qualitative data which cannot be subjected to robust statistical tests. Many critical dimensions such as customer/user preferences, motives, expertise, involvement and credibility (of the portals, users posting online reviews) are not analyzed in this study, as online reviews do not contain relevant data.
社交媒体、消费者论坛、评论网站和博客促进了更广泛、更快速的客户体验分享。消费者在决定购买产品/服务之前,会在消费者门户中查看用户生成的评论。本文旨在研究在线评论对现有和潜在客户的意图的影响,以追求有关班加罗尔房地产公司(班加罗尔房地产有限公司- BRL)提供的预算和中档住房项目的具体行动。本研究的主要数据集包括四年(2010-2014年)期间8个消费者评论/投诉门户网站的221条用户在线评论,并辅以25位客户的个人访谈。在线评论需要进行人工内容分析。确定审查中的紧急主题,确定消极和积极主题的频率、效价和结果——最终导致“采取法律手段”、“退出项目”或“不推荐”和“推荐”的意图。当进一步的“线程”和“评论”产生时,这种在评审中表达的意图传达了强烈的信息。诸如“解决投诉的平均时间”(在网站注册和取消退款的情况下)等参数是确定的。本研究表明,用户生成的在线评论有助于客户做出“继续”或“退出”或“远离”BRL项目的决定。同时,BRL自身也可以通过建立适当的客户投诉处理系统来监控和应对这些评论,收集、传递和解决在线评论中提出的问题,从而最大限度地减少差评的有害影响,最大限度地提高正面评论的有益效果。及时回应客户投诉/在线评论,并定期沟通项目状态可能不需要额外的资本支出或人力资源。BRL目前无视或漠视在线评论的政策,将对其收入、声誉和未来增长造成不利影响。研究是基于对定性数据的分析,而这些数据不能经过可靠的统计检验。许多关键的维度,如客户/用户偏好,动机,专业知识,参与和可信度(门户网站,用户发布在线评论)没有在本研究中进行分析,因为在线评论不包含相关数据。
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引用次数: 1
Will Organization Design Be Affected by Big Data? 大数据会影响组织设计吗?
Pub Date : 2014-12-11 DOI: 10.7146/JOD.9729
Giles Slinger, Rupert Morrison
Computing power and analytical methods allow us to create, collate, and analyze more data than ever before. When datasets are unusually large in volume, velocity, and variety, they are referred to as “big data.�? Some observers have suggested that in order to cope with big data (a) organizational structures will need to change and (b) the processes used to design organizations will be different. In this article, we differentiate big data from relatively slow-moving, linked people data. We argue that big data will change organizational structures as organizations pursue the opportunities presented by big data. The processes by which organizations are designed, however, will be relatively unaffected by big data. Instead, organization design processes will be more affected by the complex links found in people data.
计算能力和分析方法使我们能够创造、整理和分析比以往更多的数据。当数据集在体积、速度和种类上异常大时,它们被称为“大数据”。一些观察人士认为,为了应对大数据,(a)组织结构需要改变,(b)用于设计组织的流程将有所不同。在本文中,我们将大数据与相对缓慢的、相互关联的人员数据区分开来。我们认为,随着组织追求大数据带来的机遇,大数据将改变组织结构。然而,设计组织的流程将相对不受大数据的影响。相反,组织设计过程将更多地受到人员数据中发现的复杂联系的影响。
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引用次数: 9
Optimizing Online Promotion Planning: A Multi-Objective, Multi-Market, Multi-Period Approach 优化网络推广计划:多目标、多市场、多时期的方法
Pub Date : 2014-12-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2713049
Yuanchun Jiang, J. Shang, Pinar Yildirim
This study focuses on retail promotion planning problem in a multi-objective, multimarket and multi-period framework and concomitantly addresses the following questions: What are the conditions for a retailer to offer an online promotion to all or a select set of the markets it is operating in? How should the retailer select the partial set of markets to offer a promotion? How should the selection of promotion period and markets be coordinated? Starting from a simple two market, single-period scenario, we gradually build our model to address the large scale promotion coordination problem via a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm with decomposition and pareto local search" (MOEA/D-PLS). The proposed algorithm allows retailers to coordinate online price promotions in multiple retail markets over multiple periods, minimizing demand leakage from offline to online channels and preventing demand drain and stock-outs. It decomposes the complex multi-objective optimization problem into a set of single-objective optimization problems, and uses an evolutionary algorithm to solve each problem simultaneously, improving the quality of solutions via a problem-specific Pareto local search method. This method allows large scale promotion planning problem, which is computationally non-trivial, to be solved optimally in an efficient manner. To demonstrate the proposed methodology, we discuss a numerical implementation of the algorithm using data from a large nation-wide pizza chain.
本研究主要关注多目标、多市场和多时期框架下的零售促销计划问题,并同时解决以下问题:零售商向其所经营的所有或部分市场提供在线促销的条件是什么?零售商应该如何选择部分市场来提供促销?促销期和市场的选择应如何协调?从简单的两个市场,单周期场景开始,我们逐步建立模型,通过分解和帕累托局部搜索的多目标进化算法来解决大规模的推广协调问题。该算法允许零售商协调多个零售市场在多个时期的在线价格促销,最大限度地减少从线下到线上渠道的需求泄漏,防止需求枯竭和缺货。该算法将复杂的多目标优化问题分解为一组单目标优化问题,并采用进化算法同时求解每个问题,通过针对特定问题的Pareto局部搜索方法提高解的质量。该方法使大规模促销计划问题这一计算上不平凡的问题能够以一种高效的方式得到最优解。为了演示所提出的方法,我们讨论了该算法的数值实现,使用来自大型全国性披萨连锁店的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Is Cloud Bursting/Hybrid Cloud Advantageous to a Firm Who Has On-Site Capacity? 云爆发/混合云对拥有现场容量的公司有利吗?
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2545688
Li-Ming Chen, Yu-Chen Ben Yang, Wei-Lun Chang
Cloud bursting is a hybrid computing resource model in which a firm firstly uses its own internal computing resources and then bursts to a public cloud for extra resources as needed. This paper develops quantitative models to examine whether a firm who has on-site capacity can be benefited from cloud bursting. If a firm adopts a hybrid cloud, while it benefits from immediate, extra computing resources, and scalability, but it assumes the risks of security threats and service outages from this external resource. If a firm uses only a private cloud, while security threats and service outage risks may be far lower than with a hybrid cloud, it may lose the opportunity to profit due at peak times due to limited resource capacity. Overall, we show that firms can benefit from the hybrid clouds if risk is considerably low while firms would benefit from using the private clouds if risk is considerably high. Interestingly, firms may display counterintuitive cloud deployments when facing risk of outage that one firm deploys a hybrid cloud and another deploys a private cloud when risk of outage is considerably low and both firms prefer the hybrid clouds when risk of outage is considerably high.
云爆发是一种混合计算资源模型,在这种模型中,公司首先使用自己的内部计算资源,然后根据需要向公共云爆发以获取额外的资源。本文建立了定量模型来检验具有现场能力的企业是否能从云爆发中受益。如果企业采用混合云,虽然它可以从即时、额外的计算资源和可伸缩性中获益,但它承担了来自外部资源的安全威胁和服务中断的风险。如果公司只使用私有云,虽然安全威胁和服务中断风险可能远低于混合云,但由于资源容量有限,它可能会在高峰时间失去盈利机会。总的来说,我们表明,如果风险相当低,企业可以从混合云中受益,而如果风险相当高,企业将从使用私有云中受益。有趣的是,当面临中断风险时,公司可能会显示违反直觉的云部署:当中断风险相当低时,一家公司部署混合云,另一家部署私有云,而当中断风险相当高时,两家公司都更喜欢混合云。
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引用次数: 0
Does M&A Diversification Improve Post-Deal Technological Performance? 并购多元化是否能提高交易后的技术绩效?
Pub Date : 2014-11-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2534773
M. DiGuardo, K. R. Harrigan, Elona Marku
Firms often choose to grow and diversify via mergers and acquisitions (M&A) because acquiring and integrating an ongoing entity is perceived to be a fast and less risky means of entering desirable markets, gaining new knowledge and new capabilities, or adding to the firm’s product line. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of diversifying via M&A on post-deal technological performance in the U.S. communication services sector. Seeking patterns of whether the more-diversified firm draws upon a broader range of technological domains in its post-acquisition, subsequently- patented inventions, we observe patterns of changing patenting activity into related technological classes, and with various patterns of patenting lags.
企业通常选择通过并购(M&A)来实现增长和多样化,因为收购和整合一个正在运营的实体被认为是进入理想市场、获得新知识和新能力或增加公司产品线的一种快速且风险较低的方式。本文分析了并购多元化对美国通信服务业交易后技术绩效的影响。为了寻找更多元化的公司是否在其收购后、随后获得专利的发明中利用了更广泛的技术领域的模式,我们观察到将专利活动转变为相关技术类别的模式,以及专利滞后的各种模式。
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引用次数: 0
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