Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.123-142
A. E. Lobkov
Research objectives: To outline the activities of Nina Borovko-Langlet as a collector and performer of folk songs of the Crimean Tatars and to introduce into scientific use a collection of Crimean Tatar songs and dances, prepared by her in collaboration with the composer M.I. Krasev. Research materials: The collection of Nina Borovko and Mikhail Krasev “Crimean Tatar Songs,” published in Stockholm in 1925, and little-known Russian and foreign journal articles served as additional material. As comparative material, the publications of Crimean folklore texts of the 1920s and 1930s were used. Results and novelty of the research: For many decades, the name of Nina Borovko-Langlet was forgotten in the history of Russian musical folklore. The materials presented in the article highlight the role of N. N. Borovko-Langlet in Crimean folklore studies of the 1920s and 1930s. She contributed largely to the popularization of Crimean Tatar music, and her concerts introduced Swedish audiences to the originality of Crimean Tatar folk songs and dances. The article reveals the existence of the collection “Crimean Tatar Songs,” containing six Crimean Tatar songs with translations into Russian, Swedish, and German, as well as a musical notation of two dance songs. It can serve as a valuable source for further comparative study of variants of Crimean songs. The paper also touches on some aspects of N.N. Borovko-Langlet’s collaboration with M.I. Krasev and describes the range of musical publications of the Soviet composer related to the Crimean theme.
研究目标:概述Nina Borovko-Langlet作为克里米亚鞑靼民歌的收藏家和表演者的活动，并将她与作曲家M.I. Krasev合作编写的克里米亚鞑靼歌曲和舞蹈合集介绍给科学使用。研究资料:Nina Borovko和Mikhail Krasev于1925年在斯德哥尔摩出版的《克里米亚鞑靼歌曲》合集，以及鲜为人知的俄罗斯和外国期刊文章作为补充材料。作为比较材料，使用了20世纪20年代和30年代克里米亚民间传说文本的出版物。研究结果和新颖性:几十年来，尼娜·博罗夫科-兰格莱特的名字在俄罗斯音乐民间传说的历史上被遗忘了。在文章中提出的材料突出了N. N. Borovko-Langlet在20世纪20年代和30年代的克里米亚民俗研究中的作用。她为克里米亚鞑靼音乐的普及做出了巨大贡献，她的音乐会向瑞典观众介绍了克里米亚鞑靼民歌和舞蹈的独创性。这篇文章揭示了“克里米亚鞑靼歌曲”合集的存在，其中包含六首克里米亚鞑靼歌曲，翻译成俄语、瑞典语和德语，以及两首舞曲的乐谱。它可以为进一步比较研究克里米亚歌曲变体提供有价值的资料。本文还探讨了N.N. Borovko-Langlet与M.I. Krasev合作的一些方面，并描述了苏联作曲家与克里米亚主题相关的音乐出版物的范围。
{"title":"An Episode from the History of Crimean Musical Folklore: a Collection of Crimean Tatar Songs by N. Borovko and M. Krasev","authors":"A. E. Lobkov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.123-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.123-142","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: To outline the activities of Nina Borovko-Langlet as a collector and performer of folk songs of the Crimean Tatars and to introduce into scientific use a collection of Crimean Tatar songs and dances, prepared by her in collaboration with the composer M.I. Krasev. Research materials: The collection of Nina Borovko and Mikhail Krasev “Crimean Tatar Songs,” published in Stockholm in 1925, and little-known Russian and foreign journal articles served as additional material. As comparative material, the publications of Crimean folklore texts of the 1920s and 1930s were used. Results and novelty of the research: For many decades, the name of Nina Borovko-Langlet was forgotten in the history of Russian musical folklore. The materials presented in the article highlight the role of N. N. Borovko-Langlet in Crimean folklore studies of the 1920s and 1930s. She contributed largely to the popularization of Crimean Tatar music, and her concerts introduced Swedish audiences to the originality of Crimean Tatar folk songs and dances. The article reveals the existence of the collection “Crimean Tatar Songs,” containing six Crimean Tatar songs with translations into Russian, Swedish, and German, as well as a musical notation of two dance songs. It can serve as a valuable source for further comparative study of variants of Crimean songs. The paper also touches on some aspects of N.N. Borovko-Langlet’s collaboration with M.I. Krasev and describes the range of musical publications of the Soviet composer related to the Crimean theme.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80508967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.24-36
Artem A. Porsin
Research objectives: The article provides an analysis of conflicting reports in the sources on the trial for the poisoning of Khan Ögedei, who died at the end of 1241. Research materials: Although the sources of the imperial circle (Juvaini, Rashid al-Din) describe in detail the trials of individual representatives of the nobility after the son of Ögedei, Guyuk, came to power in 1246, they do not report anything about the trial regarding the violent death of the former ruler. Nonetheless, direct information about the arrest of a certain daughter of Chingis Khan on charges of murdering Ögedei, which occurred immediately after the enthronement of Guyuk, is contained in the report of Plano Carpini, present at the kurultai. Rashid al-Din’s report, which is an example of imperial historiography, does not contain direct references to this but provides indirect reports about the murder of Chingis Khan’s daughter by the Ögedeids. Simultaneously, the official imperial texts date the most high-profile trial of Chingis Khan’s brother Temuge-Otchigin and his execution to the time after enthronement, but Plano Carpini refers to this event as happening before that. Results and novelty of the research: The author concludes that the report of the papal legate reflects real events to a greater extent, while the versions of Juvaini and Rashid al-Din are the result of imperial censorship, which purposefully concealed events that were contrary to Chingisid intra-family ethics.
{"title":"Trial in the case of the Poisoning of Ögedei Khan in the Context of Contradictions between Different Groups of Sources","authors":"Artem A. Porsin","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.24-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.24-36","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: The article provides an analysis of conflicting reports in the sources on the trial for the poisoning of Khan Ögedei, who died at the end of 1241. Research materials: Although the sources of the imperial circle (Juvaini, Rashid al-Din) describe in detail the trials of individual representatives of the nobility after the son of Ögedei, Guyuk, came to power in 1246, they do not report anything about the trial regarding the violent death of the former ruler. Nonetheless, direct information about the arrest of a certain daughter of Chingis Khan on charges of murdering Ögedei, which occurred immediately after the enthronement of Guyuk, is contained in the report of Plano Carpini, present at the kurultai. Rashid al-Din’s report, which is an example of imperial historiography, does not contain direct references to this but provides indirect reports about the murder of Chingis Khan’s daughter by the Ögedeids. Simultaneously, the official imperial texts date the most high-profile trial of Chingis Khan’s brother Temuge-Otchigin and his execution to the time after enthronement, but Plano Carpini refers to this event as happening before that. Results and novelty of the research: The author concludes that the report of the papal legate reflects real events to a greater extent, while the versions of Juvaini and Rashid al-Din are the result of imperial censorship, which purposefully concealed events that were contrary to Chingisid intra-family ethics.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79602209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.79-108
Golda Akhiezer, M. Kramarovsky
Research Objectives: A reconstruction of the history and cultural life of the Jewish communities in Medieval Solkhat in the context of the urban life of the multicultural and multiconfessional city of the Golden Horde. Research Materials: The article is based on the results of historical research from the 19th to the 21st centuries, as well as new archaeological excavations in Stary Krym conducted by M.G. Kramarovsky. Medieval Jewish manuscripts from Crimea are also an important source, shedding light on the history of the Jewish (Karaite and Rabbinic) communities of Solkhat. Results and Novelty of the Research: The history of the Crimean Jewish communities, especially in Medieval Solkhat, is a field that has not been thoroughly researched. Therefore, events such as the discovery by M.G. Kramarovsky of the ruins of the 13th-century synagogue, along with associated artefacts related to these communities, are important milestones in the research of the Jewish past of Solkhat and the history of the Golden Horde. The combination and juxtaposition of the new archaeological material with the existing Jewish manuscripts from Crimea, which until recently had not been systematically researched, shed light on a little-known aspect of that historical period. Such a combination of sources provided the authors with an opportunity to carry out a partial reconstruction of the cultural and social life of the Jewish communities of Solkhat and an assessment of their place in the context of the medieval urban life of this multicultural and multireligious centre of the Golden Horde.
{"title":"Jewish Communities of Medieval Solkhat according to Archaeological and Manuscript Sources: Historical and Cultural Aspects","authors":"Golda Akhiezer, M. Kramarovsky","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.79-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.79-108","url":null,"abstract":"Research Objectives: A reconstruction of the history and cultural life of the Jewish communities in Medieval Solkhat in the context of the urban life of the multicultural and multiconfessional city of the Golden Horde. Research Materials: The article is based on the results of historical research from the 19th to the 21st centuries, as well as new archaeological excavations in Stary Krym conducted by M.G. Kramarovsky. Medieval Jewish manuscripts from Crimea are also an important source, shedding light on the history of the Jewish (Karaite and Rabbinic) communities of Solkhat. Results and Novelty of the Research: The history of the Crimean Jewish communities, especially in Medieval Solkhat, is a field that has not been thoroughly researched. Therefore, events such as the discovery by M.G. Kramarovsky of the ruins of the 13th-century synagogue, along with associated artefacts related to these communities, are important milestones in the research of the Jewish past of Solkhat and the history of the Golden Horde. The combination and juxtaposition of the new archaeological material with the existing Jewish manuscripts from Crimea, which until recently had not been systematically researched, shed light on a little-known aspect of that historical period. Such a combination of sources provided the authors with an opportunity to carry out a partial reconstruction of the cultural and social life of the Jewish communities of Solkhat and an assessment of their place in the context of the medieval urban life of this multicultural and multireligious centre of the Golden Horde.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88787937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.62-78
L. Borodovskaya
Research objectives: This article analyzes Sufi symbols in “Qalandar-name” by Abu Bakr Qalandar Rumi. The research is focused on the historical era of its creation. This era coincided with the heyday of global Sufism, when the largest tariqats were already formed and classical treatises by al-Ghazali, Ibn-‘Arabi, Suhravardi, and others were written. Research materials: The study is based on the composition “Qalandar-name” and works by various authors dedicated to the personality of Abu Bakr Qalandar Rumi and his work. Results and novelty of the research: The article presents a hermeneutical analysis of the symbolic forms of the Sufi tradition in “Qalandar-name”. Based on a comparison with other medieval writings of Sufi authors, three groups of the most important symbols for Islamic esotericism are identified: general Islamic Qur’anic images, Sufi ritual, and Sufi mystical ones. The analysis of the text reveals a large number of the most important symbolic forms of Islamic mysticism, known from other Sufi works. The images are compared with similar ones in well-known Sufi works, and their meaning is described according to the traditions of Sufism. The poem “Qalandar-name” by Abu Bakr Qalandar Rumi expands the source base for research on the culture of the Golden Horde, and future works can continue the analysis of the most important Sufi symbols of the poem in the context of the interconnections of Islamic culture in different countries in the Middle Ages.
研究目的:本文分析阿布·伯克尔·卡兰德尔·鲁米的《卡兰德尔-名字》中的苏菲派符号。研究的重点是其创作的历史时代。这个时代恰逢全球苏菲主义的全盛时期，当时已经形成了最大的tariqats, al-Ghazali, Ibn- ' Arabi, Suhravardi等人的经典论文也被撰写出来。研究资料:本研究基于“Qalandar-name”的作文和各种作者致力于阿布·巴克尔·Qalandar Rumi的人格和他的作品。研究成果与新颖性:本文对《卡兰达尔名字》中苏菲派传统的象征形式进行了解释学分析。通过与其他中世纪苏菲派作家作品的比较，可以确定伊斯兰神秘主义的三组最重要的符号:一般的伊斯兰古兰经图像，苏菲仪式和苏菲神秘主义。对文本的分析揭示了伊斯兰神秘主义的大量最重要的象征形式，这些形式从其他苏菲派作品中众所周知。这些图像与著名的苏菲派作品中的类似图像进行了比较，并根据苏菲派的传统描述了它们的意义。Abu Bakr Qalandar Rumi的诗歌《Qalandar-name》拓展了研究金汗国文化的来源基础，未来的作品可以在中世纪不同国家伊斯兰文化相互联系的背景下继续分析这首诗中最重要的苏菲符号。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.181-201
M. Khabutdinova
Research objectives: To systematize information about the contribution of the Tatar scholar and encyclopedist Naki Isanbet (1899–1992) to the study of the history and culture of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this knowledge among the Tatars.. Research materials: Folklore materials, scientific works, and literary works of Naki Isanbet served as the basis of the study. Cultural-historical, semiotic-culturological, comparative, and other research methods, chosen based on the nature of the analyzed text, were used. Novelty of the research: a comprehensive analysis of Naki Isanbet’s contribution to the study of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this information among the Tatars. Results of the research: The work proves that this scholar and encyclopedist began to seriously develop the theme of the Golden Horde in the late 1920s. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the chronicle of the work of Naki Isanbet on the creation of consolidated texts of the dastans “Idukai and Muradym” and “Idegey” is reconstructed. The scientific value of introductory scientific articles to these textual works and his comments is revealed. Information on the history of the creation of the tragedy “Idegey” by N. Isanbet and the history of its existence on the Tatar stage is systematized. The contribution of the folklorist to the study of the work of the Chichyans of the Golden Horde and the popularization of information about their activities in the comedy “Cirän çiçän belän Qaraçäç sılu” (“Red-haired mocker and his black-haired beauty”) is determined. The proportion of folk proverbs, riddles, phraseological units in the folklore collections of N. Isanbet aimed at popularizing information about the Golden Horde among a wide readership has been revealed.
{"title":"The Contribution of Naki Isanbet to the Study of the Golden Horde","authors":"M. Khabutdinova","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.181-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.181-201","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: To systematize information about the contribution of the Tatar scholar and encyclopedist Naki Isanbet (1899–1992) to the study of the history and culture of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this knowledge among the Tatars.. Research materials: Folklore materials, scientific works, and literary works of Naki Isanbet served as the basis of the study. Cultural-historical, semiotic-culturological, comparative, and other research methods, chosen based on the nature of the analyzed text, were used. Novelty of the research: a comprehensive analysis of Naki Isanbet’s contribution to the study of the Golden Horde and the popularization of this information among the Tatars. Results of the research: The work proves that this scholar and encyclopedist began to seriously develop the theme of the Golden Horde in the late 1920s. Based on the analysis of archival materials, the chronicle of the work of Naki Isanbet on the creation of consolidated texts of the dastans “Idukai and Muradym” and “Idegey” is reconstructed. The scientific value of introductory scientific articles to these textual works and his comments is revealed. Information on the history of the creation of the tragedy “Idegey” by N. Isanbet and the history of its existence on the Tatar stage is systematized. The contribution of the folklorist to the study of the work of the Chichyans of the Golden Horde and the popularization of information about their activities in the comedy “Cirän çiçän belän Qaraçäç sılu” (“Red-haired mocker and his black-haired beauty”) is determined. The proportion of folk proverbs, riddles, phraseological units in the folklore collections of N. Isanbet aimed at popularizing information about the Golden Horde among a wide readership has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83979743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.242-246
T. R. Galimov
On December 14–16, 2022, Kazan traditionally became the venue for the VII International Golden Horde Forum, “The Civilizational Significance of the Adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde: Integration Processes in the Medieval History of Russia.” It was organized as part of the Republic’s plan of main events dedicated to the 1100th anniversary of the adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria. The organizers of the forum were the M.A. Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde and the Tatar Khanates of Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan, and the International Public Organization, “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde.” The forum was the most important conference on the study of the history of the Golden Horde and its successors, and it brought together many leading domestic and foreign researchers. About 70 scientists from Russia, Turkey, Israel, Serbia, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and Kazakhstan took part in the forum. This time, the attention of historians was drawn to the following sets of questions: sources and source study of the Golden Horde and the Tatar khanates, problems and prospects; the adoption and spread of Islam in Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde; Islam and the civilization of the Golden Horde; Muslims in Rus’ during the period of the Golden Horde, presence, perception, relations, and influence; post-Horde khanates as Islamic Wilayats, ethnocultural and social dimensions; Tatar khanates as Islamic yurts, ethnocultural and social dimensions; military culture of the Ulus of Jochi, weapons, wars, and battles. Within the framework of the VII International Golden Horde Forum, round tables were organized. Following the results of the conference, a general resolution of the forum was formed and approved.
{"title":"VII International Golden Horde Forum “The Civilizational Significance of the Islam adoption by the Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde: Integration Processes in the Medieval history of Russia”","authors":"T. R. Galimov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.242-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-1.242-246","url":null,"abstract":"On December 14–16, 2022, Kazan traditionally became the venue for the VII International Golden Horde Forum, “The Civilizational Significance of the Adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde: Integration Processes in the Medieval History of Russia.” It was organized as part of the Republic’s plan of main events dedicated to the 1100th anniversary of the adoption of Islam by Volga Bulgaria. The organizers of the forum were the M.A. Usmanov Center for Research of the Golden Horde and the Tatar Khanates of Sh. Marjani Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan, and the International Public Organization, “Association of Researchers of the Golden Horde.” The forum was the most important conference on the study of the history of the Golden Horde and its successors, and it brought together many leading domestic and foreign researchers. About 70 scientists from Russia, Turkey, Israel, Serbia, Belarus, the Czech Republic, and Kazakhstan took part in the forum. This time, the attention of historians was drawn to the following sets of questions: sources and source study of the Golden Horde and the Tatar khanates, problems and prospects; the adoption and spread of Islam in Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde; Islam and the civilization of the Golden Horde; Muslims in Rus’ during the period of the Golden Horde, presence, perception, relations, and influence; post-Horde khanates as Islamic Wilayats, ethnocultural and social dimensions; Tatar khanates as Islamic yurts, ethnocultural and social dimensions; military culture of the Ulus of Jochi, weapons, wars, and battles. Within the framework of the VII International Golden Horde Forum, round tables were organized. Following the results of the conference, a general resolution of the forum was formed and approved.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90792518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.899-909
K. Abdullin
Research objectives: To analyze two previously overlooked plans of the village of Bolgary in the Spassky district of the Kazan province of the 19th century (copies of plans originally from the 18th century). Descriptions with explanations of the plans are given, visual information from cartographic sources is analyzed, and new details related to the history of the Bulgarian saltpeter plant of the second half of the 18th century are revealed. Research materials: Two cartographic sources of the 19th century from the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, several published cartographic sources of different eras, a comparative analysis of maps and plans. Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of the information in the cartographic sources presented here supports the argument that these plans of the village of Bolgary were drawn up with the aim of dividing the lands of the peasant community of the village of Bolgary. All the currently known plans of the 19th–20th centuries pursued more historical and architectural goals for the purpose of studying the Bulgarian settlement and its monuments. In the foreground, the stone buildings inside the Bulgarian settlement, with the exception of the Large Minaret, the structure between it, and, the Assumption Church (Cathedral Mosque), are localized in nine buildings or their remains. Three more buildings are listed on the territory of a small town, but the most interesting elements are four stone buildings that are drawn outside the ramparts of the settlement, in the southeast. The second plan reveals for the first time that the Bulgarian Saltpeter Plant was run by the artillery team of the Kazan Military Department. The buildings of the Bulgarian Saltpeter Plant occupied an area of one tithe of 636 fathoms or 1.38 hectares. Also in the background, there are ten more “stone ruins”, although some of them are possibly mills.
{"title":"Previously unpublished plans of the Bulgarian settlement of the 18th–19th centuries","authors":"K. Abdullin","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.899-909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.899-909","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: To analyze two previously overlooked plans of the village of Bolgary in the Spassky district of the Kazan province of the 19th century (copies of plans originally from the 18th century). Descriptions with explanations of the plans are given, visual information from cartographic sources is analyzed, and new details related to the history of the Bulgarian saltpeter plant of the second half of the 18th century are revealed. Research materials: Two cartographic sources of the 19th century from the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, several published cartographic sources of different eras, a comparative analysis of maps and plans. Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of the information in the cartographic sources presented here supports the argument that these plans of the village of Bolgary were drawn up with the aim of dividing the lands of the peasant community of the village of Bolgary. All the currently known plans of the 19th–20th centuries pursued more historical and architectural goals for the purpose of studying the Bulgarian settlement and its monuments. In the foreground, the stone buildings inside the Bulgarian settlement, with the exception of the Large Minaret, the structure between it, and, the Assumption Church (Cathedral Mosque), are localized in nine buildings or their remains. Three more buildings are listed on the territory of a small town, but the most interesting elements are four stone buildings that are drawn outside the ramparts of the settlement, in the southeast. The second plan reveals for the first time that the Bulgarian Saltpeter Plant was run by the artillery team of the Kazan Military Department. The buildings of the Bulgarian Saltpeter Plant occupied an area of one tithe of 636 fathoms or 1.38 hectares. Also in the background, there are ten more “stone ruins”, although some of them are possibly mills.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84915843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.851-867
Dilyara Shaymuratova, Igor Askeyev, L. Nedashkovsky
Objective: The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of bird remains from the archaeozoological collection of the Bagaevka settlement, including species, quantitative data, size-age composition, and an interpretation of the results obtained taking into account archaeological data. The importance of birds is considered, using the example of rural settlements of the Uvek site region and the Golden Horde city Ukek itself. Research materials: The article presents a study of the bird remains from the Bagaevka settlement (trench I) – a large settlement of a region centered on the Golden Horde city Ukek from the second half of the 13th century through the 14th century. As a comparison of the consumption and importance of birds in the life of the people of the city and rural settlement of the Golden Horde period of the Saratov Volga region, we present the results of a study of a collection of bird remains from the excavations of the Uvek site. Results and novelty of the research: This study is the first comprehensive analysis of bird remains and their interpretation for this area in the Golden Horde period. In the archaeozoological collection of the Bagaevka settlement, 24 species have been identified: 3 species of domestic birds and 21 species of wild birds. In a quantitative ratio, bones of domestic chickens prevail – 70.1% of all found bird bones. Among the remains of wild species, the largest number of bones belonged to the black grouse. Interesting are the finds of the remains of birds of prey, Accipitriformes, and the presence of remains from synanthropic species. The study of the collections revealed a high diversity of bird species and the versatility of their use: food; breeding of domestic species for meat and eggs; hunting with birds of prey; and the use of some species of wild birds (owls) as sacred animals.
{"title":"The importance of birds in the Golden Horde rural settlements of the Lower Volga region (by the example of the Bagaevka settlement)","authors":"Dilyara Shaymuratova, Igor Askeyev, L. Nedashkovsky","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.851-867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.851-867","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this work is a comprehensive analysis of bird remains from the archaeozoological collection of the Bagaevka settlement, including species, quantitative data, size-age composition, and an interpretation of the results obtained taking into account archaeological data. The importance of birds is considered, using the example of rural settlements of the Uvek site region and the Golden Horde city Ukek itself. Research materials: The article presents a study of the bird remains from the Bagaevka settlement (trench I) – a large settlement of a region centered on the Golden Horde city Ukek from the second half of the 13th century through the 14th century. As a comparison of the consumption and importance of birds in the life of the people of the city and rural settlement of the Golden Horde period of the Saratov Volga region, we present the results of a study of a collection of bird remains from the excavations of the Uvek site. Results and novelty of the research: This study is the first comprehensive analysis of bird remains and their interpretation for this area in the Golden Horde period. In the archaeozoological collection of the Bagaevka settlement, 24 species have been identified: 3 species of domestic birds and 21 species of wild birds. In a quantitative ratio, bones of domestic chickens prevail – 70.1% of all found bird bones. Among the remains of wild species, the largest number of bones belonged to the black grouse. Interesting are the finds of the remains of birds of prey, Accipitriformes, and the presence of remains from synanthropic species. The study of the collections revealed a high diversity of bird species and the versatility of their use: food; breeding of domestic species for meat and eggs; hunting with birds of prey; and the use of some species of wild birds (owls) as sacred animals.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84207818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.910-934
N. Nurtazina, Mukhan Isakhan
Research objectives: In response to the problem of diametrically opposed views on the Islamization of Kazakh nomads, this paper aims to present a new interpretation of the religion`s destiny in connection with post-Golden Horde decadence. In this regard, certain tasks must be addressed: to characterize new research trends; to substantiate the argument for the completion of Islamization under Uzbek Khan and the Muslim identity of the Kazakh Khanate; to propose a hypothesis on the religion’s crisis further in order to challenge the thesis of “Superficial Islam”. Research materials: The research used a variety of sources. Required information is contained in Muslim authors’ works such as those of Seyfi Chelebi, Fazlallah Ibn Ruzbihan, etc., as well as several Russian-European authors’ notes. Particular attention was paid to Kazakh genealogies and folklore. Results of the research: Serious differences in views on the time of the area’s full Islamization are revealed. An alternative point of view about the full-fledged Steppe Islamization already in 14th–early 15th centuries is justified. In general characteristics of Kazakh religion, its peculiar forms in accordance with the concept of regional Islam were not qualified as a pre-Islamic complex. At the same time, taking into account the evidence of Islam`s weakness in the Steppe of the later era, the authors propose a new approach – studying Islam in the context of the post-Golden Horde decadence. From this perspective, the idea of a gradual weakening of tradition and an institutional disintegration of religion “after Uzbek Khan” could be admitted.
研究目的:针对关于哈萨克游牧民族伊斯兰化的截然对立的观点问题，本文旨在从金帐汗国衰落的角度对哈萨克游牧民族的命运进行新的解读。在这方面，必须处理某些任务:描述新的研究趋势;证明在乌兹别克汗统治下完成伊斯兰化和哈萨克汗国的穆斯林身份的论点;进一步提出对伊斯兰教危机的假设，以挑战“肤浅伊斯兰”的论点。研究材料:本研究使用了多种来源。所需要的资料载于穆斯林作家的作品，如Seyfi Chelebi、Fazlallah Ibn Ruzbihan等人的作品，以及几位俄罗斯-欧洲作家的笔记。特别注意的是哈萨克族的家谱和民间传说。研究结果:对该地区全面伊斯兰化时间的看法存在严重分歧。另一种观点认为，早在14世纪至15世纪早期，草原伊斯兰化就已经成熟，这种观点是合理的。就哈萨克宗教的一般特征而言，其符合区域伊斯兰概念的特殊形式不符合前伊斯兰复合体的条件。同时，考虑到伊斯兰教在后期草原上的软弱，作者提出了一种新的方法——在后金帐汗国衰落的背景下研究伊斯兰教。从这个角度来看，“乌孜别克汗之后”的传统逐渐弱化和宗教制度瓦解的观点是可以接受的。
{"title":"Decadence of the post-Golden Horde era and the fate of religion in the Kazakh nomadic society of the 15th – early 18th centuries","authors":"N. Nurtazina, Mukhan Isakhan","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.910-934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.910-934","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: In response to the problem of diametrically opposed views on the Islamization of Kazakh nomads, this paper aims to present a new interpretation of the religion`s destiny in connection with post-Golden Horde decadence. In this regard, certain tasks must be addressed: to characterize new research trends; to substantiate the argument for the completion of Islamization under Uzbek Khan and the Muslim identity of the Kazakh Khanate; to propose a hypothesis on the religion’s crisis further in order to challenge the thesis of “Superficial Islam”. Research materials: The research used a variety of sources. Required information is contained in Muslim authors’ works such as those of Seyfi Chelebi, Fazlallah Ibn Ruzbihan, etc., as well as several Russian-European authors’ notes. Particular attention was paid to Kazakh genealogies and folklore. Results of the research: Serious differences in views on the time of the area’s full Islamization are revealed. An alternative point of view about the full-fledged Steppe Islamization already in 14th–early 15th centuries is justified. In general characteristics of Kazakh religion, its peculiar forms in accordance with the concept of regional Islam were not qualified as a pre-Islamic complex. At the same time, taking into account the evidence of Islam`s weakness in the Steppe of the later era, the authors propose a new approach – studying Islam in the context of the post-Golden Horde decadence. From this perspective, the idea of a gradual weakening of tradition and an institutional disintegration of religion “after Uzbek Khan” could be admitted.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76527450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.840-850
S. Belousov, V. Stavitsky
Research objectives: To analyze the problematic issues of the chronology, periodization, historical development, and economic development of the administrative center of the northeastern ulus of the Golden Horde – the Mokhshi city (Narovchatsky settlement). Research materials: Data from archaeological excavations of the Narovchatsky settlement, numismatic collections of the Golden Horde coins, and previously published works on this issue which need a critical approach and the addition of supplementary details. Results and novelty of the research: The history of the existence of this city covers the period from the XII century to the beginning of the XV century. The main sources are materials from archaeological excavations, including numismatic collection of coins minted in the Mokhshi city. Urban development objects are represented by mausoleums, mosques, industrial sites, and residential buildings, information about which is supplemented by finds of jewelry, household items, and weapons. In the pre-Mongol period, a Mordovian settlement arose here and at the beginning of the 14th century, the ulus center was transferred from the city of Ukek to Mokhshi. From that point, the city experienced its most flourishing period when it became not only an administrative but also a trade and craft center. Copper and silver coins were minted in the city. Buildings made of burnt bricks were erected, a white-stone mosque likewise being built. The development of the production traditions of the local Mordovian population continued, influenced by Volga Bulgaria, and noted changes in the spiritual culture of the site can be associated with the spread of Islam. From the mid-1360s, the decline of both the city itself and its rural districts can be observed.
{"title":"Problem questions in studying of the Golden Horde city Mokhshi","authors":"S. Belousov, V. Stavitsky","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.840-850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.840-850","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: To analyze the problematic issues of the chronology, periodization, historical development, and economic development of the administrative center of the northeastern ulus of the Golden Horde – the Mokhshi city (Narovchatsky settlement). Research materials: Data from archaeological excavations of the Narovchatsky settlement, numismatic collections of the Golden Horde coins, and previously published works on this issue which need a critical approach and the addition of supplementary details. Results and novelty of the research: The history of the existence of this city covers the period from the XII century to the beginning of the XV century. The main sources are materials from archaeological excavations, including numismatic collection of coins minted in the Mokhshi city. Urban development objects are represented by mausoleums, mosques, industrial sites, and residential buildings, information about which is supplemented by finds of jewelry, household items, and weapons. In the pre-Mongol period, a Mordovian settlement arose here and at the beginning of the 14th century, the ulus center was transferred from the city of Ukek to Mokhshi. From that point, the city experienced its most flourishing period when it became not only an administrative but also a trade and craft center. Copper and silver coins were minted in the city. Buildings made of burnt bricks were erected, a white-stone mosque likewise being built. The development of the production traditions of the local Mordovian population continued, influenced by Volga Bulgaria, and noted changes in the spiritual culture of the site can be associated with the spread of Islam. From the mid-1360s, the decline of both the city itself and its rural districts can be observed.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73691591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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