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China’s Miracle 中国的奇迹
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.12.2.0150
Fusheng Xie, Xiaolu Kuang, Jiateng Wang
We construct a framework for the interaction between economic system reform and the technological-economic system in order to analyze the dynamic process of China’s economic transformation and development. China has passed through three major phases of economic system reform, which have involved reforming the commodity economy through planning, establishing the socialist market economic system, and improving the socialist market economic system. Correspondingly, China has gone through three technological-economic systems, which may be summed up as: “quantitative subsistence consumption and extensive production without technological progress,” “qualitative subsistence consumption and extensive production with technological progress,” and “standardized mass consumption and mass production.” Since 2012, China’s economy has entered the era of a “new normal,” characterized by lower growth rates. This indicates a fundamental shift in the patterns of social demand away from the current technological-economic system that is growing incapable of sustaining rapid capital accumulation and thus needs transforming. To better explain China’s miracle, we focus on the ways in which the contradictions within each technological-economic system have evolved and have been resolved through targeted reforms to the economic system. Eventually, these reforms will lead to a new system that facilitates further capital accumulation.
我们构建了一个经济体制改革与技术经济体制互动的框架,以分析中国经济转型和发展的动态过程。中国经济体制改革经历了三个主要阶段,即通过计划改革商品经济、建立社会主义市场经济体制和完善社会主义市场经济体系。相应地,中国经历了三个技术经济体系,可以概括为:“没有技术进步的数量自给消费和粗放生产”、“有技术进步的质量自给消费和集约生产”和“标准化大众消费和大众生产”。自2012年以来,中国经济已进入“新常态”时代,其特点是增长率下降。这表明社会需求模式发生了根本性转变,脱离了目前的技术经济体系,这种体系正在增长,无法维持快速的资本积累,因此需要转型。为了更好地解释中国的奇迹,我们关注的是每个技术经济体系内部的矛盾是如何演变的,并通过有针对性的经济体系改革来解决。最终,这些改革将形成一个有利于进一步资本积累的新体系。
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引用次数: 1
US Imperial Quests 美国帝国探险
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.12.2.0181
James M. Craven
What kinds of persons, organizations, cultures, or indeed systems←→ideologies speak and use the language of domination, control, self-proclaimed Number One in undefined and immeasurable ways? Prominent transnational neo-lib/con (purple fusion) ideologues, politicians, militarists do not speak of strategic parity or security or defense, but speak of dominance and dominating all other nations and/or non-state actors even daring to challenge their self-somberly-asserted doctrine. They do not speak of strategic dominance in terms of battle spaces (land, sea, air, space, cyberspace, cognito-space, electromagnetic space) but forms of offensive and defensive weapons; influence in strategic global institutions; control over strategic resources, technologies, R&D centers; control of key educational institutions and their curricula. This paper explores some of the contradictions, causes, effects, dynamics, failures of evolving imperial doctrines and institutions governing various declared and undeclared forms, methods, and arenas of global dominance sought now and in the future.
什么样的人、组织、文化,甚至是系统←→意识形态会以无法定义和无法衡量的方式说和使用统治、控制、自称第一的语言?著名的跨国新自由主义/自由主义(紫色融合)理论家、政治家、军国主义者不谈论战略平等或安全或防御,而是谈论支配和支配所有其他国家和/或非国家行为体,甚至敢于挑战他们自我严肃断言的学说。他们不谈论战场空间(陆地、海洋、空中、太空、网络空间、认知空间、电磁空间)的战略优势,而是进攻性和防御性武器的形式;在战略性全球机构中的影响力;对战略资源、技术、研发中心的控制;控制重点教育机构及其课程。本文探讨了一些矛盾、原因、影响、动态、不断发展的帝国主义理论和制度的失败,这些理论和制度管理着各种公开的和未公开的形式、方法,以及现在和未来寻求全球统治的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Okishio Theorem 浅析Okishio定理
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.2.0192
Bin Yu
The Okishio theorem is a classic theory of Japanese Marxism that denies the law of the decline of the general rate of profit proposed by Marx in the third volume of Capital. The theorem seriously affects the correct understanding of the mode of production and the economic crisis in capitalist countries today. Analyzing the original text of the Okishio theorem, this article finds that the theorem does not distinguish between paid and unpaid labor, and that its mathematical model is based on an incorrect understanding of Marx’s views and of the capitalist mode of production. The theorem’s mathematical proof process is itself untenable and even contradicts the numerical examples that Okishio gives. In fact, Okishio negates Marx’s view by effectively denying the existence of the capitalist mode of production. Unexpectedly, this article also finds that a decline in the general rate of profit will result even if all enterprises do not increase their organic composition of capital, but if only enterprises with a higher organic composition of capital expand their proportions in the economy.
冲尾定理是否定马克思在《资本论》第三卷中提出的一般利润率下降规律的日本马克思主义经典理论。这一定理严重影响着当今资本主义国家对生产方式和经济危机的正确认识。本文分析了Okishio定理的原文,发现该定理没有区分有偿劳动和无偿劳动,其数学模型是建立在对马克思观点和资本主义生产方式的错误理解之上的。这个定理的数学证明过程本身是站不住脚的,甚至与Okishio给出的数值例子相矛盾。事实上,他通过否定资本主义生产方式的存在而否定了马克思的观点。出乎意料的是,本文还发现,即使不是所有企业都增加其资本有机构成,但只有资本有机构成较高的企业扩大其在经济中的比例,一般利润率也会下降。
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引用次数: 0
Skilled Labour and the Reduction Problem 熟练劳动力和减少问题
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.3.0362
Rodrigo Straessli Pinto Franklin, R. E. Borges, C. Sánchez, Everlam Elias Montibeler
Empirical estimates derived in line with the Marxist framework are essential to fully address several topics, from the dynamics of profit and exploitation rates to unequal exchange, crisis and strategies. Edward Ochoa presented and implemented a pioneering practical proposal to perform such strand of calculations from widely available input–output data. That leveraged method has become widespread in empirical studies. This article focuses on a controversial aspect of such a proposal: the reduction of skilled or complex to simple unskilled labour. After a critical dialogue from a theoretical point of view, this article provides estimate comparisons based on available data for the period 1995 to 2009, discusses alternative proposals and stresses their virtues and caveats, pointing to the strength of methods that don’t fully rely on wage indexes and to future paths of research needed.
根据马克思主义框架得出的经验估计对于充分解决几个主题至关重要,从利润和剥削率的动态到不平等交换,危机和战略。爱德华·奥乔亚(Edward Ochoa)提出并实施了一个开创性的实用建议,从广泛可用的投入产出数据中执行这种计算链。这种杠杆化方法在实证研究中已经很普遍。本文的重点是这样一个建议的一个有争议的方面:减少熟练或复杂的简单的非熟练劳动。在从理论角度进行批判性对话后,本文根据1995年至2009年的现有数据进行了估算比较,讨论了不同的建议,强调了它们的优点和注意事项,指出了不完全依赖工资指数的方法的优势,并指出了未来所需的研究路径。
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引用次数: 0
MODERN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY REQUIRES TURNABOUT TO PLANNING 现代发展战略要求向规划转变
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.3.0391
Sergey Dmitrievich Bodrunov
The article raises the issue of using the historical experience of planning initiated by the establishment of the State Planning Committee in Soviet Russia in 1921. Of course, literal borrowing of the Soviet directive planning model is out of the question. However, it has also been proved in actual practice that planning methods can be successfully applied in countries with market economies. These methods are especially efficient for ensuring accelerated development and deep structural transformations in the economy. Therefore, turnabout to using planning experience is not a step back to the past, but on the contrary, a step forward to ensuring deep transformations of the modern economy. Today’s economic development has been facing deep contradictions, first and foremost of which is the obvious gap between opportunities created by the latest technologies and increasing risks and threats to the development of human civilization. The traditional market model, especially in its neoliberal version, does not open up opportunities for resolving these contradictions and often even exacerbates them. Thus, it is necessary to transition to a different socio-economic model that is based on the latest trends in technologies and allows using them to overcome the crisis of modern civilization. The author considers such a model in the framework of the noonomy concept developed by him, i.e., a non-economic way of meeting people’s needs. In this regard, planning methods act as one of the necessary tools for the transition to such a model.
本文提出了利用1921年苏俄成立国家计划委员会所开创的计划的历史经验的问题。当然,照搬苏联的指令性计划模式是不可能的。但是,实际实践也证明,计划方法在市场经济国家也可以成功地应用。这些方法对加快经济发展和深化经济结构转型尤为有效。因此,转向利用规划经验不是回到过去,相反,是向确保现代经济的深度转型迈进了一步。当今的经济发展面临着深刻的矛盾,首先是新技术带来的机遇与人类文明发展面临的风险和威胁之间的差距十分明显。传统的市场模式,尤其是新自由主义的市场模式,并没有为解决这些矛盾提供机会,甚至往往会加剧这些矛盾。因此,有必要过渡到一种不同的社会经济模式,这种模式以技术的最新趋势为基础,并允许利用它们来克服现代文明的危机。作者在他提出的经济学概念框架中考虑这种模式,即一种满足人们需求的非经济方式。在这方面,规划方法是过渡到这种模型的必要工具之一。
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引用次数: 0
WHY OPPOSE THE MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION IN NEPAL? 为什么要反对尼泊尔的千年挑战公司?
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.3.0401
Hari Roka
The construction project agreed with the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) has become highly controversial in Nepal. According to MCC policy, the contract, signed in 2017 with the goal of increasing the availability of electricity in Nepal and reducing transportation costs, must be ratified by the Nepali parliament. Confusion and controversy arose, since the move would create a precedent for the ratification by parliament, if demanded, of each and every foreign investment in Nepal. There are also legal controversies when countries that receive MCC grants are required to comply with MCC provisions intended to ensure that projects are not hampered by changes in state law. A further controversial point is a provision that makes implementation of the MCC project conditional on approval from India. The MCC is actually a part of the United States’ broader Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS), related to military pacts such as the QSD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) that are aimed at containing China. In such circumstances, how can Nepal maintain its stance as a non-aligned nation in relation to its giant neighbors? Leaders of various political parties, civil society organizations, and the general public in Nepal currently fall into two camps that either support or reject the MCC grant.
与千禧挑战公司(MCC)达成协议的建设项目在尼泊尔引起了极大争议。根据中建集团的政策,该合同于2017年签署,目的是增加尼泊尔的电力供应并降低运输成本,必须得到尼泊尔议会的批准。这引起了混乱和争议,因为此举将为议会批准尼泊尔的每一项外国投资创造一个先例。当接受世纪挑战集团赠款的国家被要求遵守世纪挑战集团旨在确保项目不受州法律变化阻碍的规定时,也存在法律争议。另一个有争议的点是一项条款,该条款规定MCC项目的实施必须得到印度的批准。MCC实际上是美国更广泛的印太战略(IPS)的一部分,与旨在遏制中国的四方安全对话(QSD)等军事协议有关。在这种情况下,尼泊尔如何保持其作为不结盟国家的立场?尼泊尔各政党领袖、公民社会组织和公众目前分为两大阵营,要么支持,要么反对世纪挑战公司的拨款。
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引用次数: 0
On The Communist Manifesto: Ideas for the Newly Radicalizing Public 论《共产党宣言》:新近激进化的公众思想
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.2.0209
R. Das
A large number of people around the world now support the idea of socialism and are critical of capitalism. These numbers, though growing, are not yet enough to end capitalism, but they form the basis for a movement to win over more people to socialism and away from a system dominated by capitalist market relations. Besides, many of those who have a favourable view of socialism may not exactly know what it is or they may not exactly know how/why capitalism is the cause of their misery. A socialist movement requires ideas that not only defend socialism but also show how capitalism works and why it is harmful to the majority. Many of these ideas are present in The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels almost 175 years ago, in a context where people were turning to revolutionary ideas and practices in Europe. If, as Lenin said, a revolutionary movement needs revolutionary ideas, The Communist Manifesto is indeed a fertile source of some of these ideas. It makes two main kinds of knowledge claim: knowledge claims to describe and explain the world, and knowledge claims to critique the world and show that an alternative world is necessary and possible. Keeping in view the newly radicalizing elements of the public, including the youth, this article presents the ideas of The Communist Manifesto in terms of precise and systematically organized knowledge claims that cover three main areas of Marxism (historical materialism, political economy, and communist/socialist practice).
现在,世界上有许多人支持社会主义思想,并对资本主义持批评态度。这些数字虽然在增长,但还不足以结束资本主义,但它们为一场运动奠定了基础,这场运动旨在争取更多人加入社会主义,摆脱由资本主义市场关系主导的制度。此外,许多对社会主义持赞成态度的人可能并不完全知道它是什么,或者他们可能不完全知道资本主义如何/为什么会导致他们的痛苦。社会主义运动需要的思想不仅要捍卫社会主义,而且要表明资本主义是如何运作的,以及为什么它对大多数人有害。马克思和恩格斯在近175年前撰写的《共产党宣言》中就有许多这样的观点,当时欧洲的人们正转向革命思想和实践。正如列宁所说,如果革命运动需要革命思想,那么《共产党宣言》确实是其中一些思想的丰富源泉。它提出了两种主要的知识主张:一种是描述和解释世界的知识主张,另一种是批判世界并表明另一个世界是必要和可能的知识主张。考虑到公众中包括青年在内的新激进分子,本文以精确而系统地组织知识主张的方式呈现了《共产党宣言》的思想,这些知识主张涵盖了马克思主义的三个主要领域(历史唯物主义、政治经济学和共产主义/社会主义实践)。
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引用次数: 2
Acceptance Speech for the World Marxian Economics Award (II) 世界马克思主义经济学奖获奖感言(二)
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.2.0255
G. Carchedi
Guglielmo Carchedi is a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Economics and Econometrics, University of Amsterdam, and was an Adjunct Professor at the University of York, Canada. His research interests are Marxist economics, Marxist sociology, and Marxist epistemology. He is the author of many articles and books, including On the Economic Identification of Social Classes (Routledge, 1977), For Another Europe (Verso, 2001), Behind the Crisis (Haymarket, 2012), and The World in Crisis (with Michael Roberts, Haymarket Books, 2018). Email: carchedi38@gmail.com
Guglielmo Carchedi是阿姆斯特丹大学经济与计量经济系名誉教授,曾任加拿大约克大学兼职教授。主要研究方向为马克思主义经济学、马克思主义社会学、马克思主义认识论。他是许多文章和书籍的作者,包括《论社会阶级的经济认同》(Routledge出版社,1977)、《另一个欧洲》(Verso出版社,2001)、《危机背后》(Haymarket出版社,2012)和《危机中的世界》(与Michael Roberts合著,Haymarket出版社,2018)。电子邮件:carchedi38@gmail.com
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引用次数: 0
Rethinking Economic Analysis: The Perspective of Political Economy 重新思考经济分析:政治经济学的视角
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.2.0260
Xiaoqin Ding, Jinrun Ma, Xinqi Yan
Organized around the theme “Rethinking Economic Analysis: The Perspective of Political Economy,” the 15th Forum of the World Association for Political Economy was hosted by the World Association for Political Economy and the Shanghai International Studies University on December 18 and 19, 2021. Nearly 300 scholars from more than 40 countries discussed in depth the topics of Marxist and capitalist economics; the crisis and criticism of capitalism; envisioning socialism; socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era; agricultural problems; ecological problems and new economic forms from the perspective of political economy; the plight of developing countries and how to solve it; political and economic considerations related to COVID-19; multipolarization, and geopolitical economy. The scholars attending the forum put forward many scientific theories and policy suggestions, which strengthened the position of Marxist political economy and provided an important ideological weapon helping working people all over the world to unite against the irrational capitalist system and the hegemonic acts of the new imperialism, while promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind and the creation of a new form of human civilization.
第15届世界政治经济学论坛于2021年12月18日至19日由世界政治经济学协会与上海外国语大学联合主办,主题为“重新思考经济分析:政治经济学的视角”。来自40多个国家的近300位学者就马克思主义和资本主义经济学进行了深入探讨;资本主义的危机与批判;社会主义构想;新时代中国特色社会主义;农业问题;政治经济学视角下的生态问题与新经济形态发展中国家的困境及解决之道;与COVID-19有关的政治和经济考虑;多极化和地缘政治经济。与会学者提出了许多科学理论和政策建议,加强了马克思主义政治经济学的地位,为全世界劳动人民团结起来反对非理性的资本主义制度和新帝国主义的霸权行为,推动构建人类命运共同体,开创人类文明新形态提供了重要的思想武器。
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引用次数: 0
On the Theoretical Features of the Political Economy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and the New Issues 论中国特色社会主义政治经济学的理论特点及新问题
IF 0.3 Q4 ECONOMICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.13.3.0300
Zili He
Marxist political economy possesses a unique theoretical quality, and provides deep insights into the laws of social development and the progress of human society. The political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the product of combining the fundamentals of Marxist political economy with the practice of the economic construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics; it also plays an important role in guiding China as it records economic achievements that are attracting worldwide attention. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, in which the political economy of socialism with Chinese characteristics is being called upon to deal with a series of new issues as well as to make new contributions to promoting the construction of socialist modernization and the cause of reform and opening-up.
马克思主义政治经济学具有独特的理论品质,对社会发展规律和人类社会进步规律有着深刻的认识。中国特色社会主义政治经济学是马克思主义政治经济学原理与中国特色社会主义经济建设实践相结合的产物;在中国取得举世瞩目的经济成就之际,它在指导中国方面也发挥着重要作用。中国特色社会主义进入了新时代,要求中国特色社会主义政治经济学应对一系列新问题,为推进社会主义现代化建设和改革开放事业作出新贡献。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
World Review of Political Economy
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