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DIPSEIL QUIZ MODULE EFFICACY ON STUDENTS' LEARNING IN FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING COURSE 测试测试模块对编程基础课程学生学习的效果
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.0863
D. Stoyanova, N. Mileva, M. Milev
DIPSEIL is a learning management system developed by a team from Plovdiv University (BULGARIA) and used in the learning process in various scientific courses – electronics, computer science, communications, physics, etc. DIPSEIL course content structure follows the performance support systems requirements – the content is structured to provide individualized online access to all needed information, instructions, advice, tools and software to enable the student to perform a task with a minimum support from teachers. The new, fourth version of DIPSEIL is extended with a Quiz generation system, which consists of the following modules: 1. Quiz generation module that: supports different types of questions (dichotomous, multiple choice, short answer) and provides immediate feedback on the correctness of answers; 2. Quiz statistics module that provides calculation of: difficulty index, discrimination index, reliability and validity of tests, etc. A study is conducted to explore the impact of the use of DIPSEIL Quiz generation system on the academic results of students in Fundamentals of programming course. The course is taught during the first semester of the academic year 2018-2019. 24 students are divided into two groups: experimental and control. Both groups were taught in DIPSEIL, but the learning of students in the experimental group was supported by DIPSEIL Quiz generation system. The results from the final test exam show that students from the experimental group performed better, which is an evidence that the use of Quiz generation system can improve statistically significantly learning achievement in DIPSEIL.
DIPSEIL是由保加利亚普罗夫迪夫大学的一个团队开发的学习管理系统,用于各种科学课程的学习过程-电子,计算机科学,通信,物理等。DIPSEIL课程内容结构遵循性能支持系统的要求-内容结构为提供个性化的在线访问所需的所有信息,说明,建议,工具和软件,使学生能够在教师的最低支持下执行任务。新的第四版DIPSEIL扩展了一个测验生成系统,它由以下模块组成:测验生成模块:支持不同类型的问题(二分法、多项选择、简答),并提供答案正确性的即时反馈;2. 试题统计模块,提供试题难度指数、判别指数、信度、效度等计算。本研究旨在探讨使用DIPSEIL测验生成系统对程序设计基础课程学生学习成绩的影响。本课程于2018-2019学年第一学期开设。24名学生被分为两组:实验组和对照组。两组均采用DIPSEIL教学,实验组学生的学习由DIPSEIL测验生成系统支持。从期末考试的结果来看,实验组的学生表现更好,这证明使用测验生成系统可以显著提高DIPSEIL的学习成绩。
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引用次数: 0
PROGRAMMING CONTESTS FOR STUDENTS AND A TRAINING SYSTEM PROJECT 为学生编程竞赛和一个训练系统项目
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.2134
G. Atanasova, P. Hristova
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引用次数: 0
SMARTIFYING DESIGN ICONS: A WORKSHOP TO IMPROVE UX IN DESIGN PRODUCTS BY SMART MATERIAL INTEGRATION 智能设计图标:通过智能材料集成来改善设计产品的用户体验的研讨会
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.1470
F. Papile, R. Santi, B. Curto
Learning by doing is an effective way to teach to design students and enables educators to provide them a durable knowledge about materials. This way of learning is essential for designers to exploit with awareness the potentials and the limits of materials. In this perspective, the presented workshop focuses on introducing the class of smart materials to the students, in order to facilitate a material replacement activity in some product design icons. Smart Materials are a peculiar category of materials characterized by a “non-intuitive” behaviour when submitted to the action of a certain chemical-physical stimulus. The use of those materials allows designers to imagine new kinds of interaction between users and products: the responsive behaviour of smart materials is very effective when designing products is oriented to emphasize the user experience. So, the object of this work is a one-day workshop with the aim to transfer theoretical knowledge, deepen it, touch it and apply it to product design. The aim of this study is allowing students to have a hand-on appropriation of smart materials characteristics and properties but also to let them understand that designing starting from the materials does not lead only to technical performance improvements, but it can act directly on the user-product interaction.
边做边学是教设计专业学生的一种有效方法,也使教育者能够为他们提供关于材料的持久知识。这种学习方式对于设计师有意识地挖掘材料的潜力和局限性至关重要。从这个角度来看,本次研讨会的重点是向学生介绍智能材料的类别,以便于在一些产品设计图标中进行材料替代活动。智能材料是一类特殊的材料,当受到某种化学物理刺激时,其特征是“非直觉”行为。这些材料的使用允许设计师想象用户和产品之间的新型交互:智能材料的响应行为在设计以强调用户体验为导向的产品时非常有效。因此,这项工作的对象是一个为期一天的工作坊,旨在传递理论知识,深化,接触并应用于产品设计。本研究的目的是让学生能够亲自使用智能材料的特性和特性,但也让他们明白,从材料开始设计不仅会导致技术性能的改进,而且还可以直接作用于用户-产品交互。
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引用次数: 0
THE EFFECT OF MOBILE ACCESS ON LIBRARY SERVICES 移动访问对图书馆服务的影响
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.1201
E. Tsvetkova
The invention of the internet and the development of contemporary information and communication technologies (ICT) have drastically changed the world. Mobile technologies and devices are ubiquitous and offer access to information and communication opportunities regardless of time and location. The power, functionality and accessibility of mobile devices increase on a daily basis, thus providing more and more opportunities. The extensive insertion of mobile technologies in everyday life reveals new ways of their effective application in education, science, access to information and, in particular, library activities. It is inadmissible for a contemporary library not to use actively the new communication technologies, not to offer online and mobile access to its services and resources. In order to answer adequately contemporary users’ needs, information institutions must provide easy and convenient access to their resources as well as services. This paper presents summarised information and analysis of the use of services offered by the Sofia Public Library, Bulgaria. This is the biggest city library in the country with a collection of over 1 200 000 books, 250 000 from which in foreign languages, with more than 51 000 readers, half of whom under 28 years of age, with 500 000 visitors annually. The library provides traditional resources and services as well as digital collections, online and mobile access to the library’s services. The accent of the present research is on remote access to library services and resources and the influence its provision has on the use of library services and resources. The paper presents data from the automatised information system of the library for the last 5 years about the total number of visits, including online ones. The increase in online visits to the library’s site through mobile devices is noted. A comparative analysis of the number of book reservations online and at the library is done. Information about the number of books renewed online is provided. In summary, the survey’s conclusions aim to prove the vital role of active using of ICT in library activities. In order to adequately satisfy the information needs of the users and to function in accordance with world tendencies, it is crucial that Bulgarian libraries introduce the opportunities of contemporary information technologies, mobile technologies in particular, to the library information sector in the country. Libraries should be an inseparable part of the contemporary world, where technologies become more accessible and communication – more easily realised.
互联网的发明和当代信息通信技术(ICT)的发展已经彻底改变了世界。移动技术和设备无处不在,无论何时何地,都能提供获取信息和通信的机会。移动设备的能力、功能和可访问性每天都在增加,从而提供了越来越多的机会。移动技术在日常生活中的广泛应用,揭示了它们在教育、科学、信息获取,特别是图书馆活动中有效应用的新途径。当代图书馆不积极使用新的通信技术,不提供在线和移动访问其服务和资源是不可接受的。为了充分满足当代用户的需要,信息机构必须提供方便快捷的资源和服务。本文介绍了保加利亚索非亚公共图书馆服务使用情况的总结信息和分析。这是全国最大的城市图书馆,藏书超过120万册,其中25万册是外文,读者超过51000人,其中一半在28岁以下,每年接待游客50万人次。图书馆既提供传统资源和服务,也提供数字馆藏、在线和移动访问图书馆服务。本研究的重点是图书馆服务和资源的远程获取及其提供对图书馆服务和资源利用的影响。本文介绍了近5年图书馆自动化信息系统的总访问量数据,包括在线访问量。报告指出,通过移动设备在线访问图书馆网站的人数有所增加。对网上和图书馆预订图书的数量进行了比较分析。提供了关于在线续订图书数量的信息。总之,调查的结论旨在证明积极使用信息通信技术在图书馆活动中的重要作用。为了充分满足用户的信息需求并按照世界趋势运作,保加利亚图书馆必须向该国图书馆信息部门介绍当代信息技术,特别是移动技术的机会。图书馆应该成为当代世界不可分割的一部分,在这个世界里,技术变得更容易获得,交流变得更容易实现。
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引用次数: 0
DESIGNING BOARD-GAMES FOR DEVELOPING PRE-SERVICE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ MENTAL CALCULATION SKILLS 设计桌游培养职前小学教师心算能力
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.1880
I. Zsoldos-Marchiș
Nowadays in the modern educational view the student should be an active participant of the learning process, and learning should be fun. Board-games have the potential to transform the learning from an activity seen as work to an activity seen as playing. Mental calculation skills are important not only for those working with numbers, but also in the everyday life. Developing mental calculation skills need a lot of practice, which can be boring. Board-games could help to make this practice fun. In this paper we focus on designing board-games for developing mental calculation skills. Three board-games designed by the author for pre-service preschool and primary school teachers for the Mathematics course they have in their second year of study are presented. But these games can be also used from primary school level to high-school level just changing the difficulty of the calculations involved. The games were tested and evaluated by the students participated in the course. Based on the evaluations some aspects related with designing mathematical games are discussed.
在现代教育观中,学生应该是学习过程的积极参与者,学习应该是有趣的。桌游有可能将学习从一种被视为工作的活动转变为一种被视为玩耍的活动。心算能力不仅对那些与数字打交道的人很重要,而且在日常生活中也很重要。发展心算技能需要大量的练习,这可能很无聊。棋盘游戏可以让这种练习变得有趣。在本文中,我们着重于设计棋盘游戏来培养心理计算能力。本文介绍了作者为学前教师和小学教师设计的三款棋盘游戏,供他们在二年级学习数学课程时使用。但这些游戏也可以用于从小学水平到高中水平,只是改变了计算的难度。这些游戏由参加课程的学生进行测试和评估。在此基础上,讨论了数学游戏设计的相关问题。
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引用次数: 4
LEARNING EUROPE TROUGH STUDYING AND DISCOVERING OPPORTUNITIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ERASMUS+ PROGRAMME 通过在伊拉斯谟+项目框架内的学习和发现机会来了解欧洲
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.2428
E. Murugova, Svetlana Evtushenko, Valentina Demchenko, V. Grekova
The project Learning Europe Trough Studying and Discovering Opportunities No 565543-EPP-1-2015-1RU-EPPJMO-PROJECT Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Activities sub-programme facilitates to bringing up a new generation oriented on establishment and stabilization of a constructive dialogue with Europe through assimilation of knowledge of EU into the ambiance of schoolchildren and students of secondary vocational education. The project includes key activities, such as organization of training courses and workshops for teachers and pupils, creative contests for schoolchildren, promotional events on European culture, language school in the summer camp, centralized conferences for talented schoolchildren, young scientists and lecturers, researchers, organization of discussions within the topic groups involving specialists with the knowledge of Europe, its traditions. The main project outcomes are as follows: 1 Stimulating teaching and research in the field of European integration studies, cultural stereotypes of Europe, Russian and European models of values, exchange of ideas and good teaching practices; 2 Promotion of scientific-research debates and public discussions on the key topics linked to the European integration in the framework of language and culture interdependence; 3 Investigation and identification of contemporary youth actual problems in Russia and Europe, discovering the main factors of youth socialization; 4 Advancement of intercultural dialogue between representatives of different linguacultures, development of communicative and sociocultural competences in the educational environment of students; 5 Arrangement of conditions for the creative thinking development on the bases of intellectual activity, project-research-oriented study, individualized creativity, module integration, transference to the self-learning; 6 Coaching of new teachers’ generation motivated to work with children and teenagers, solving intercultural and integrational problems efficiently; 7 Fostering the engagement of pupils/students in research of European countries, creating theoretical and empirical basis for the further fundamental studies of EU by the young researchers. Importance of the project at the educational level consists in its innovation as the first regional project devoted to European integration, aimed at a focus group of young people and including various types of educational activities (researching, art and teaching ones). Novelty of the project is linked to the content, applied teaching technologies and approaches, achievements of European and Russian research schools.
“通过学习和发现机会学习欧洲”项目(编号5565543 - epp -1-2015- 1ru - eppjmo - project Erasmus+ Jean Monnet活动子项目)旨在通过将欧盟知识融入中小学生和中等职业教育学生的环境中,培养新一代以建立和稳定与欧洲的建设性对话为导向的人才。该项目包括一些重要活动,如为教师和学生组织培训班和讲习班、为学童举办创意竞赛、欧洲文化宣传活动、夏令营语言学校、为有才能的学童、青年科学家和讲师、研究人员举办集中会议、在专题小组内组织有了解欧洲及其传统的专家参加的讨论。项目主要成果如下:1 .促进欧洲一体化研究、欧洲文化刻板印象、俄罗斯和欧洲价值模式、思想交流和良好教学实践领域的教学和研究;促进在语言和文化相互依存的框架内就与欧洲一体化有关的关键议题进行科学研究辩论和公众讨论;3 .对俄罗斯和欧洲当代青年实际问题的调查和识别,发现青年社会化的主要因素;促进不同语言代表之间的跨文化对话,在学生的教育环境中发展交际能力和社会文化能力;在智力活动、项目研究性学习、个性化创造、模块整合、向自主学习转移的基础上安排创造性思维发展的条件;6、指导新一代教师积极与儿童和青少年一起工作,有效解决跨文化和融合问题;促进小学生/学生参与欧洲国家的研究,为青年研究人员进一步开展欧盟基础研究创造理论和实证基础。该项目在教育层面的重要性在于其作为第一个致力于欧洲一体化的区域项目的创新性,其目标群体是年轻人,包括各种类型的教育活动(研究、艺术和教学活动)。该项目的新颖性与内容、应用教学技术和方法、欧洲和俄罗斯研究学校的成就有关。
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引用次数: 1
AN ESP APPROACH TO TEACHING NURSING NOTE WRITING TO UNIVERSITY NURSING STUDENTS 大学护生护理笔记写作教学的一种特殊方法
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.2710
Shiou-Mai Su, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai, H. Tai
For nursing students in the vocational education system in Taiwan, English-language writing skills, whether for general or specific purposes, have long been ignored, which may jeopardize their success in medical-oriented courses and their future careers. This study designed a nursing note-writing course (NNWC) for university nursing students and explored the teaching outcomes of its implementation. The three main objectives were to (a) examine the effectiveness of the NNWC in enhancing learners’ competencies; (b) survey learners’ satisfaction with the NNWC, and (c) investigate learners’ perceptions of the NNWC. In this action research, 49 students practiced five writing tasks while guided with five teaching tools, namely an online writing platform, multiple revisions, peer-review activities, and direct and indirect teacher feedback, for a semester. External examiners included a language teacher and a nursing professional, and the data-collection instruments used included a writing competence scale and a course satisfaction questionnaire. The results showed that the learners’ writing competence significantly improved after the NNWC. They also demonstrated a fair level of satisfaction toward the NNWC. A total of 90% of the learners preferred online writing compared to traditional handwriting. The learners also indicated a preference for feedback from the teacher rather than from peers, and they perceived vocabulary capability to be crucial. ESP/ENP teachers are advised to consider the implementation of the NNWC when designing syllabi.
对于台湾职业教育体系中护理专业的学生来说,英语写作技能,无论是通用的还是特殊的,长期以来都被忽视了,这可能会危及他们在医学课程和未来职业生涯中的成功。本研究针对大学护生设计护理笔记课程,并探讨其实施的教学效果。三个主要目的是:(a)研究NNWC在提高学习者能力方面的有效性;(b)调查学习者对NNWC的满意度,(c)调查学习者对NNWC的看法。在本次行动研究中,49名学生在一个学期的时间里,在网络写作平台、多次修改、同行评议活动、教师直接和间接反馈五种教学工具的指导下,练习了五项写作任务。外部审查员包括一名语言教师和一名护理专业人员,使用的数据收集工具包括写作能力量表和课程满意度问卷。结果表明,在NNWC后,学习者的写作能力显著提高。他们也对NNWC表现出相当程度的满意。与传统手写相比,90%的学习者更喜欢在线写作。学习者还表示,他们更喜欢老师的反馈,而不是同伴的反馈,他们认为词汇能力至关重要。建议ESP/ENP教师在设计教学大纲时考虑NNWC的实施。
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引用次数: 5
INCREASING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT WITH FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF SCREEN CAST VIDEO FEEDBACK - A CASE STUDY IN ENGINEERING 通过屏幕播放视频反馈的应用,提高学生对形成性评估的参与度——一个工程案例研究
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.1013
J. Ross, Sean Lancastle
The generation of useful feedback for students is a significant academic investment. However, engagement with the feedback can often be poor. Over the last 4 years, the authors have monitored the impact and the change in student perception of feedback as a result of a shift to using recorded instructor audio dialog with Video Screen Cast (VSC). The initial investigation invited students to select a feedback method, from ‘traditional’ online marking, audio comments or synchronised screen cast and audio, and a strong preference for the latter was apparent. The initial study investigated the impact of this new feedback medium on two summative reports within a third-year engineering unit, where the feedback on the first report should aid the student on the second. Students appeared to consider the feedback as a significantly more personal investment in their work and appreciate the time devoted into the feedback process. Over this period the marking criteria and nature of the coursework set remained constant. However, an increase in attainment of 7% was noted when the screen cast feedback was introduced. In the most recent extension of this study, the first assignment was changed to formative only, attracting no summative contribution to the student’s grade. Whilst lecturing colleagues were apprehensive regarding the impact on student participation in the activity, student engagement with the formative opportunity remained high with over 80% of the cohort opting in. Students that opted to participate achieved on average a grade 12% higher than those that did not, highlighting the potential learning benefit and engagement with the feedback achieved through this medium. Finally, students suggested that they gave the feedback significantly more attention when the assignment was formative than they would if it had been a traditional summative assessment. Students reported that the only barrier to engagement with formative work was perceived workload. This impact of these combined interventions was a 30% improvement in the students’ surveyed responses to the opportunity to receive feedback and its usefulness from that of the traditional feedback system.
为学生提供有用的反馈是一项重要的学术投资。然而,反馈的参与度往往很低。在过去的4年里,作者监测了学生对反馈的看法的影响和变化,这是使用视频屏幕播放(VSC)录制教师音频对话的结果。最初的调查邀请学生选择一种反馈方法,从“传统的”在线评分、音频评论或同步屏幕和音频中选择一种,很明显,学生们对后者有强烈的偏好。最初的研究调查了这种新的反馈媒介对三年级工程单元的两份总结性报告的影响,其中第一份报告的反馈应该有助于学生完成第二份报告。学生们似乎认为这些反馈是对他们工作的一种显著的个人投资,并且很感激在反馈过程中投入的时间。在此期间,课程作业的评分标准和性质保持不变。然而,当引入屏幕反馈时,成绩增加了7%。在这项研究的最新扩展中,第一项作业被改为仅形成性,对学生的成绩没有总结性贡献。虽然讲课的同事对学生参与活动的影响感到担忧,但学生对形成机会的参与度仍然很高,超过80%的学生选择参加。选择参与的学生的平均成绩比没有参与的学生高12%,突出了潜在的学习效益和通过这种媒介获得的反馈的参与度。最后,学生们表示,如果作业是形成性的,他们会比传统的总结性评估给予反馈更多的关注。学生们报告说,参与形成性作业的唯一障碍是感知到的工作量。这些综合干预措施的影响是,被调查的学生对从传统反馈系统获得反馈的机会及其有用性的反应提高了30%。
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引用次数: 0
FEEDBACK-BASED CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT MEASURES ON THE USE OF SHORT MATHEMATICAL VIDEOS IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 基于反馈的数学短视频在大学教学中的持续改进措施
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.1337
M. Bas, J. Silvestre-Cerdà, Ramon Sala, R. Meneu, T. Casasús, R. Benítez
The main objective of this work is to make a proposal for continuous improvement on the use of short educational videos in order to improve the teaching-learning process at Mathematics I, a university subject present in the curriculum of several social-economical degrees such as Business Administration, Economics, or International Business at the Universitat de València (Spain). In order to enhance the quality of this process, it is necessary to make inquiries of the impressions that the students have about it. In this particular case, we wanted to know the perception that students had after the use of short educational videos of applied mathematics contents during the course. These videos were carefully created by their professors in order to promote autonomous and active learning. Thus, we developed an opinion survey to gather their opinions. This survey measured the students' perception on the degree of usefulness of the teaching materials of the subject and, in particular, the degree of satisfaction on the short educational videos. The results show that, in general, there is a high degree of satisfaction in the use of these videos for self-learning of mathematical concepts. Suggestions from the students allowed us to adopt improvement measures devoted to upgrade the quality of the teaching-learning process.
这项工作的主要目标是提出一项建议,以持续改进短教育视频的使用,以改善数学I的教学过程,数学I是西班牙瓦伦西亚大学工商管理、经济学或国际商务等几个社会经济学学位课程中的一门大学学科。为了提高这一过程的质量,有必要询问学生对这一过程的印象。在这个特殊的案例中,我们想知道学生在课程中使用应用数学内容的短教育视频后的感受。这些视频是由他们的教授精心制作的,以促进自主和主动学习。因此,我们开展了一项意见调查来收集他们的意见。这项调查测量了学生对该学科教材有用程度的看法,特别是对短教育视频的满意度。结果表明,一般来说,使用这些视频进行数学概念的自学有很高的满意度。学生的建议使我们能够采取改进措施,致力于提高教学过程的质量。
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引用次数: 0
THE POSTER AS A FORM OF ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF STUDENTS IN THE SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT 海报作为学生积极参与科学运动的一种形式
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.21125/EDULEARN.2019.2703
Z. Gródek-Szostak
One of the challenges today's academics face is how to implant the idea of scientific work in students, and how to point them to the possibility of gaining first professional experience through active participation in the student scientific movement. The scientific poster (or simply, the poster) is the tool used during active participation in seminars and conferences. The main goal of the paper is to present the research results and experiences of students of the University of Economics in Krakow, who presented their work in the form of a poster during scientific conferences in the years 2017-2018. In 2017-2018, students of the University of Economics in Krakow actively participated in three scientific conferences organized at the Faculty of Management. Thanks to the involvement of scientists and teaching staff, students presented 70 posters. At the end of the events, a motivation and experience survey was conducted among students regarding their active participation in poster sessions. The questionnaire was developed in electronic form, and responses were obtained from 100% of the study group. Developing the skills of preparing a science poster and its public presentation to match the audience, the type of conference or its thematic scope is a key element in promoting the idea of research work among students. The education program offers skills, competence and knowledge, but it is necessary to ensure student education in terms of selection of presentation tools. The correct preparation of a poster and its presentation should be an integral part of the tools for measuring the students’ knowledge as final tests or examinations. The combination of original research work, the ability to pass the knowledge and public presentation is the triad of complementary elements of the future researcher's workshop.
当今学术界面临的挑战之一是如何向学生灌输科学工作的思想,以及如何向他们指出,通过积极参与学生科学运动,有可能获得第一次专业经验。科学海报(或简称海报)是在积极参与研讨会和会议期间使用的工具。本文的主要目的是展示克拉科夫经济大学学生的研究成果和经验,他们在2017-2018年的科学会议期间以海报的形式展示了他们的工作。2017-2018年,克拉科夫经济大学的学生积极参加了管理学院组织的三次科学会议。在科学家和教师的参与下,学生们共递交了70张海报。在活动结束时,我们对学生积极参与海报活动的动机和经验进行了调查。调查问卷以电子形式编制,并从100%的研究组获得答复。培养准备科学海报及其公开展示的技能,使其与听众、会议类型或主题范围相匹配,是在学生中推广研究工作理念的关键因素。教育计划提供技能,能力和知识,但有必要确保学生在选择演示工具方面的教育。海报的正确准备和展示应该作为期末测试或考试衡量学生知识的工具的一个组成部分。原创性研究工作、知识传递能力和公开展示能力的结合是未来研究人员工作坊的三要素互补。
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引用次数: 1
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EDULEARN19 Proceedings
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