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Early Modern Venetian Sex Work and the Business of Gambling 近代早期威尼斯的性工作与赌博业

Italian Culture

Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1080/01614622.2023.2256117

Nicole Wagner

AbstractBy the sixteenth century, the ever-growing popularity of casini and ridotti in cities such as Venice resulted in the widespread pursuit of women’s gambling. This article argues that female card play, an activity of skill as well as chance and risk, offered women financial opportunities at a time when they were excluded from most “honorable” forms of income-generating work. They included female sex workers who benefited from the game’s popularity among men of all classes, by luring unsuspecting men into fixed card play. Through close readings of visual and textual representations of these types of gaming practices in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Venice, I consider how they not only shed light on the operations of a moralizing social technology reinforcing class and gender asymmetries but also, when read against the grain, illuminate a new kind of economic independence of women as actors and workers overlooked by scholars.Keywords: cortigianemeretriceworkgamblingVenice Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 There is a complete set at the Castello Sforzesco, Civica Raccolta delle Stampe “Achille Bertarelli,” Milano (Stampe Popolari Profane, m F-9). Engraved plates, 6.69 × 8.07 in. (17 × 20.5 cm.). Additional copies are in the New York Public Library, Print Collection of the Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs and the University of Chicago Library’s Special Collections: Rare Books. The NYPL and Chicago Library reproductions are twelve leaves of engraved plates, illustrated, 7.09 × 9.06 in. (18 × 23 cm.).2 “The wretch passes from the traps to the game/ And he loses a great sum of money/ Then I hear the moneybox, already empty/ sing the echo, in bitter tones, of the unfortunate.”3 For information and interpretations of Venetian clothing in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries see Vecellio (Citation1590), Belfanti (Citation2009), Jones and Stallybrass (Citation2000), and Paulicelli and Clark (Citation2008).4 “Trappolare: fooling with (a deceptive) appearance or demonstration of [something] beneficial as happens to the mouse with the trap.”5 In Venetian dialect the verb takes the form of trapolár. “[D]ell’ingannare altrui con alcuna apparenza o dimostrazione di bene.”6 David Kunzle’s interpretation of the text and image is that the rake is “lured by the gambling table, where the usual combination of the male opponent and female companion strips him of his money” (Kunzle Citation1973, 282). Hilde Kurz’s erroneous translation and interpretation of the image and quatrain are traced back to her misreading of a scene in Hogarth’s much later Rake’s Progress, which she uses to analyze the earlier Italian print but in which there is no evident gaming despite her claims. When it comes to the Lascivo print she has one of the two women caressing the rake while the other obtains his money, which patently does not take place although it does appear that theft figures i

这时，我的两个助手走了进来，他们看上去像傻瓜，他们被哄了一会儿，最后拿起了比铅铸成的金币还假的纸牌;然后，他们仍然像傻瓜一样，把所有客人的钱都装进了口袋。我一直用哑剧的方式告诉他们别人手里拿的是什么牌，因为我对假牌不太相信。“……但妓女既不违背她的修道院，也不违背她的丈夫;事实上，她的行为就像一个被雇佣去做坏事的士兵，当她这样做的时候，她并没有意识到自己是，因为她的商店卖的是它必须卖的东西。酒馆老板开张的第一天，他不需要挂招牌，因为大家都知道，那里有人喝酒，有人吃饭，有人赌博，有人耍赖，有人背叛，有人欺骗，任何人去那里祈祷或开始斋戒，既找不到圣物，也找不到大斋节。Esecutori contro la Bestemmia(反对亵渎的执行人)是1537年创建的威尼斯司法系统的一部分。Esecutori control la Bestemmia由威尼斯的地方法官组成，他们起诉与宗教和亵渎有关的罪行。他们还监管小酒馆、娱乐场所和赌场。为了保证秩序，地方法官安排了两名(当时是四名)区域“经理”负责威尼斯的六个警区，他们的任务是报告非法行为在某些情况下，如果有贵族陪同，贵妇也可以进入“(.)自愿解决问题，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是进步的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，[.]我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的，我的每一个等级都是自由的。”巴塞塔的一个很好的例子是在Centlivre ([1705] Citation2009)《巴塞塔桌》(The Basset Table)中，一个年轻的女人在家里玩巴塞塔游戏来赚取额外的收入。这位名叫Lady Reveller的女士在整个游戏中扮演庄家的角色，“掌管着赌桌”“(.)国家禁止在全国范围内提供医疗保健服务caffè .在全国范围内提供医疗保健服务，并在全国范围内提供医疗保健服务。在detta Bottega tutta la notnotte将gioco alla bassetta和vecchietta Zamaria Zanetti赞助人Bottega bara i besi alla gengente和carte unito Domenico Fontebase essendo i medesimi, franchi bari da carte，e più biastematori baruffanti il detto Zamaria da ancho riceto a publica meretrici con grave scandalo delle le le个人在detta bottega中获得了pratica在detta bottega中获得了pratica può dire un vero miracolo di ogni infamia…”26“a S. Cassan在caldei Botteri sopra le scale dell 'osteria della Seta abita…Don Carlo Rovari Sacerdote。教皇座驾(宗座使节)向公众传达丑闻，向公众传播丑闻，向公众传播丑闻，向公众传播丑闻，向公众传播丑闻，向公众传播丑闻，向公众传播丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻，向公众介绍丑闻。27《Cozzi》中Mangia Maroni的译文(Citation1997，第3.16节)" i sacerdote agan<s:1> vive sopra la vita di Cattina Piasentina "。我想问一下，我是怎么认识曼吉亚·马罗尼的。阿加尼亚坳Volto levato sopra la faccia fa妓院nel市政厅Redotto con Meretrice反对联合国格兰scandalo fa da N.U.自始至终subia…quando李人均le occasioni si unisce场骗局多恩assieme con altro Ferigo Tadie如果门Foresti, o altri所有'Ostaria e il Barano李soldi广大taglia真主安拉Baseta…“29”(…)在una的卡萨格兰德con sua马德里。我爱你，我爱你，我爱你，我爱你，我爱你，我爱你。Dice nella scena sua casa una camera tenessi untruco comodo di che volevano giocare, he he amente in detto luoco dove Biscazia di basetta sue capitavani个人barare giocani tutta la notta e che per ciò ipso sucedevano copiose per il gioco, essendo da circa unno che fai detto meestiere, he he vivi con la Biscazia e Dice he sei un barare。i di giorno che di notte AD ogni condition di person, i frequentemente capitavano and tutte i ' ve special almente notte, con insorgenza di risse, e cantasse con parole licentiose。我用档案文件的不同页数来计算赌场的数目“在北达科他州的Calle del Riddotto quello della N.D.，弗拉坦蒂·卡西尼(Fra tanti Casini)是一名富有魅力的人。

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引用次数: 1

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