Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525864
G. Hallak, G. Bumiller
Recently, standardization bodies such as IEEE and ITU addressed, independently, standards for the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specification of PLCs. MAC designers develop coexistence mechanisms irrespectively of the physical layer. Power line channel behavior changes every time a modem sends/receives on the channel. Changing the channel behavior influences the communication between nodes. As a consequence, the MAC coexistence mechanisms are affected. Power line impedance is a very important parameter on the design of PLC architecture. The changed channel behavior is a result of changing the impedance values between sending and receiving states. Transmitter and receiver nodes behave simultaneously on the power line. Transmitter nodes transmit although other nodes receive at the same time. Changing states from the MAC layer simultaneously between send and receive for the different nodes influence the channel behavior, as a consequence, influence the physical layer and the coexistence between the different nodes even when the systems are separated in frequency. In this paper, we discuss the coexistence of the NB-PLC applications considering the communication requirements. We then investigate the impedance problem of the power line by providing a typical transmission scenario and simulation results on the CENELEC frequency bands. Finally, we introduce a transmission model which overcomes the impedance problem and optimizes the communications between the non-interoperable nodes.
{"title":"Coexistence analysis of impedance modulating transmitters","authors":"G. Hallak, G. Bumiller","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525864","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, standardization bodies such as IEEE and ITU addressed, independently, standards for the medium access control (MAC) and physical layer specification of PLCs. MAC designers develop coexistence mechanisms irrespectively of the physical layer. Power line channel behavior changes every time a modem sends/receives on the channel. Changing the channel behavior influences the communication between nodes. As a consequence, the MAC coexistence mechanisms are affected. Power line impedance is a very important parameter on the design of PLC architecture. The changed channel behavior is a result of changing the impedance values between sending and receiving states. Transmitter and receiver nodes behave simultaneously on the power line. Transmitter nodes transmit although other nodes receive at the same time. Changing states from the MAC layer simultaneously between send and receive for the different nodes influence the channel behavior, as a consequence, influence the physical layer and the coexistence between the different nodes even when the systems are separated in frequency. In this paper, we discuss the coexistence of the NB-PLC applications considering the communication requirements. We then investigate the impedance problem of the power line by providing a typical transmission scenario and simulation results on the CENELEC frequency bands. Finally, we introduce a transmission model which overcomes the impedance problem and optimizes the communications between the non-interoperable nodes.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130359119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525834
F. Andrade, C. Marques, T. Oliveira, F. P. V. Campos, E. D. de Oliveira, Moises Vidal Ribeiro
This work aim at presenting a preliminary analysis of additive noises on outdoor and low voltage electric power grid when the frequency band between 1.7 and 100 MHz is considered. These noises were obtained during a measurement campaign carried out in a Brazilian suburban area comprising a low-income community. The statistical analysis in the time and frequency domains reveal the hardness of such environment for data communication as well as the white holes that can be opportunistic used by PLC systems to operate in the same frequency band of primary users.
{"title":"Preliminary analysis of additive noise on outdoor and low voltage electric power grid in Brazil","authors":"F. Andrade, C. Marques, T. Oliveira, F. P. V. Campos, E. D. de Oliveira, Moises Vidal Ribeiro","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525834","url":null,"abstract":"This work aim at presenting a preliminary analysis of additive noises on outdoor and low voltage electric power grid when the frequency band between 1.7 and 100 MHz is considered. These noises were obtained during a measurement campaign carried out in a Brazilian suburban area comprising a low-income community. The statistical analysis in the time and frequency domains reveal the hardness of such environment for data communication as well as the white holes that can be opportunistic used by PLC systems to operate in the same frequency band of primary users.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123595189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525836
L. Marron, X. Osorio, Asier Llano, A. Arzuaga, A. Sendin
Electricity grids are adding the Smart Grid concept to the network. Utilities are engaged in this important investment in order to build Smart Metering networks, as a first step towards the Smart Grid. Nevertheless, the objective is to go further, and take advantage of all the inherent capabilities of this deployment obtaining additional operational applications. In this context, Low Voltage (LV) Distribution Electricity Grids are the most unknown and manually controlled elements of the electricity grid, so operation in this section of the grid needs to be improved. This paper describes a mechanism to obtain the LV feeder identification of all the connected smart electricity meters. The proposal contained in this paper is based on real field deployments with PRIME technology, and it is as a contribution to LV grid control with applications in electricity grid planning, transformer balance, fault location and accurate point of supply identification. The proposed approach, based in standard narrowband PRIME PLC smart meters, minimizes the investment. This paper describes the algorithm and the real field tests performed, showing how LV feeder detection concept has been successfully validated for PRIME PLC Smart Metering networks.
{"title":"Low voltage feeder identification for smart grids with standard narrowband PLC smart meters","authors":"L. Marron, X. Osorio, Asier Llano, A. Arzuaga, A. Sendin","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525836","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity grids are adding the Smart Grid concept to the network. Utilities are engaged in this important investment in order to build Smart Metering networks, as a first step towards the Smart Grid. Nevertheless, the objective is to go further, and take advantage of all the inherent capabilities of this deployment obtaining additional operational applications. In this context, Low Voltage (LV) Distribution Electricity Grids are the most unknown and manually controlled elements of the electricity grid, so operation in this section of the grid needs to be improved. This paper describes a mechanism to obtain the LV feeder identification of all the connected smart electricity meters. The proposal contained in this paper is based on real field deployments with PRIME technology, and it is as a contribution to LV grid control with applications in electricity grid planning, transformer balance, fault location and accurate point of supply identification. The proposed approach, based in standard narrowband PRIME PLC smart meters, minimizes the investment. This paper describes the algorithm and the real field tests performed, showing how LV feeder detection concept has been successfully validated for PRIME PLC Smart Metering networks.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525859
Sicong Liu, Fang Yang, Jian Song, Fei Ren, Jia Li
In this paper, an OFDM-based preamble is proposed for improving timing and frequency synchronization in the power line channel with narrowband interference (NBI) as well as transmitting several bits of transmission parameter signaling (TPS). In the time domain, an additional scrambling operation is applied to the cyclic extension of an OFDM training symbol to reduce the impact of NBI. Compared to the conventional Schmidl's and Minn's methods, the proposed preamble could provide even sharper correlation peak and achieve better timing detection in both AWGN and power line multipath channels under NBI, with a moderate complexity increase because more correlation and multiplication operations are required. Furthermore, the proposed preamble could also convey several bits of TPS via the variable distance of two training sequences allocated in the frequency domain. Better synchronization results can be achieved through analyses and simulations with the proposed method.
{"title":"OFDM preamble design for synchronization under narrowband interference","authors":"Sicong Liu, Fang Yang, Jian Song, Fei Ren, Jia Li","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525859","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an OFDM-based preamble is proposed for improving timing and frequency synchronization in the power line channel with narrowband interference (NBI) as well as transmitting several bits of transmission parameter signaling (TPS). In the time domain, an additional scrambling operation is applied to the cyclic extension of an OFDM training symbol to reduce the impact of NBI. Compared to the conventional Schmidl's and Minn's methods, the proposed preamble could provide even sharper correlation peak and achieve better timing detection in both AWGN and power line multipath channels under NBI, with a moderate complexity increase because more correlation and multiplication operations are required. Furthermore, the proposed preamble could also convey several bits of TPS via the variable distance of two training sequences allocated in the frequency domain. Better synchronization results can be achieved through analyses and simulations with the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129370207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525866
Hao Ma, L. Lampe, S. Hranilovic
With the recent successful standardization of broadband power line communication (PLC) (IEEE 1901, ITU-T G.9960/61) and visible light communication (VLC) (IEEE 802.15.7), there is an excellent opportunity to consider their integration. In particular, there is inherent benefit to leveraging existing power line infrastructure to provide connectivity while exploiting energy-efficient LED illumination systems for wireless downlink. The ubiquity of LED lighting together with power line networks leads us to conclude that VLC will be a strong complementary wireless technology to indoor PLC much in the way that Wi-Fi currently supports broadband Ethernet connections. This paper will survey some aspects of both PLC and VLC and present new proposals for their integration.
{"title":"Integration of indoor visible light and power line communication systems","authors":"Hao Ma, L. Lampe, S. Hranilovic","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525866","url":null,"abstract":"With the recent successful standardization of broadband power line communication (PLC) (IEEE 1901, ITU-T G.9960/61) and visible light communication (VLC) (IEEE 802.15.7), there is an excellent opportunity to consider their integration. In particular, there is inherent benefit to leveraging existing power line infrastructure to provide connectivity while exploiting energy-efficient LED illumination systems for wireless downlink. The ubiquity of LED lighting together with power line networks leads us to conclude that VLC will be a strong complementary wireless technology to indoor PLC much in the way that Wi-Fi currently supports broadband Ethernet connections. This paper will survey some aspects of both PLC and VLC and present new proposals for their integration.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121896703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525843
I. Areni, S. Tsuzuki, Y. Yoshizawa, Y. Yamada
A new signal transmission system for Narrow-Band Power-Line Communications (NB-PLC) has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional system in order to solve the signal propagation loss problem. The conventional transmission system uses the Neutral and Live (N-L) conductors, while the N-PE system uses the Protective Earth (N-PE) conductor instead of L. The channel properties and Packet Reception success Rate (PRR) measured in a house, a laboratory, an office building, and a lecture building in Japan have been shown in this paper. These results showed that the propagation loss and the PRR performances of the proposed system were superior to those of the N-L system, except for the noise property.
{"title":"N-PE transmission system for Narrow-Band PLC and its channel properties","authors":"I. Areni, S. Tsuzuki, Y. Yoshizawa, Y. Yamada","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525843","url":null,"abstract":"A new signal transmission system for Narrow-Band Power-Line Communications (NB-PLC) has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional system in order to solve the signal propagation loss problem. The conventional transmission system uses the Neutral and Live (N-L) conductors, while the N-PE system uses the Protective Earth (N-PE) conductor instead of L. The channel properties and Packet Reception success Rate (PRR) measured in a house, a laboratory, an office building, and a lecture building in Japan have been shown in this paper. These results showed that the propagation loss and the PRR performances of the proposed system were superior to those of the N-L system, except for the noise property.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121959899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525826
S. Choe, Jeonghwa Yoo, Y. Louét
In the last decade, there has been an emergent attention in the utilization of existing power distribution lines for broadband power line communications (BPLC). PLC technology is becoming more widely adopted because of its excellent fit with smart grid and in-home network applications, with no infrastructure cost. However, PLC not only has a limited spectrum (<; 30 MHz) and limited coverage (<; 1 mile) due to power line cable attenuation but also has some time-varying channel impairments, including multipath fading and RF noise. We investigate a quasi-stationary OFDMA-based BPLC local area network (LAN) for the smart home network or small-scale smart grid (also termed micro-grid) services over indoor power lines, where every nodes are assumed to be equipped an impedance matching circuit (IMC); then, since plug-in or switchoff of nodes do not change the network topology anymore, link budgets of the overall BPLC network are easily estimated even with some channel variations (RF noise, etc) and so its resource management with reliability and flexibility is possible. In this paper, we focus on the cluster-based medium access control (MAC) layer design and resource management of the two types of OFDMA-based BPLC LANs: centralized (AP-based) LAN and distributed (ad-hoc based) LAN.
{"title":"Cluster-based MAC and resource management for quasi-stationary broadband power line communication networks","authors":"S. Choe, Jeonghwa Yoo, Y. Louét","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525826","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, there has been an emergent attention in the utilization of existing power distribution lines for broadband power line communications (BPLC). PLC technology is becoming more widely adopted because of its excellent fit with smart grid and in-home network applications, with no infrastructure cost. However, PLC not only has a limited spectrum (<; 30 MHz) and limited coverage (<; 1 mile) due to power line cable attenuation but also has some time-varying channel impairments, including multipath fading and RF noise. We investigate a quasi-stationary OFDMA-based BPLC local area network (LAN) for the smart home network or small-scale smart grid (also termed micro-grid) services over indoor power lines, where every nodes are assumed to be equipped an impedance matching circuit (IMC); then, since plug-in or switchoff of nodes do not change the network topology anymore, link budgets of the overall BPLC network are easily estimated even with some channel variations (RF noise, etc) and so its resource management with reliability and flexibility is possible. In this paper, we focus on the cluster-based medium access control (MAC) layer design and resource management of the two types of OFDMA-based BPLC LANs: centralized (AP-based) LAN and distributed (ad-hoc based) LAN.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122567978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525846
P. A. Kamjom, A. Ndjiongue, R. Heymann, H. Ferreira
This paper presents a simple and novel methodology developed to set up and establish a simplex communication system over a power line using load signatures. Traditional concepts such as normalization and matched filtering form the core of these algorithms. The analysis also relies extensively on the voltage and current measurements made over a fixed period of time on a single phase. Furthermore, analyses on the capacity of this kind of system are also presented; taking into consideration various disturbances.
{"title":"Framework to establish a simplex communication system over a power line using load signatures","authors":"P. A. Kamjom, A. Ndjiongue, R. Heymann, H. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525846","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simple and novel methodology developed to set up and establish a simplex communication system over a power line using load signatures. Traditional concepts such as normalization and matched filtering form the core of these algorithms. The analysis also relies extensively on the voltage and current measurements made over a fixed period of time on a single phase. Furthermore, analyses on the capacity of this kind of system are also presented; taking into consideration various disturbances.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"11 13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132289677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525873
J. A. Cortés, F. Cañete, L. Díez, L. M. Torres
In this paper, some indoor PLC channel models are compared from an OFDM communication system perspective. Firstly, three representative models have been selected to generate channels in a statistical way, which are later included in an OFDM system simulator designed according to Homeplug-AV parameters. Secondly, the system performance is analyzed for the three cases of channel models and is compared to the one obtained for a set of almost 200 measured channels. An additional study about the Gaussian nature of the linear distortion in the OFDM system caused by the channels (modeled and measured) is presented.
{"title":"On PLC channel models: An OFDM-based comparison","authors":"J. A. Cortés, F. Cañete, L. Díez, L. M. Torres","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525873","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, some indoor PLC channel models are compared from an OFDM communication system perspective. Firstly, three representative models have been selected to generate channels in a statistical way, which are later included in an OFDM system simulator designed according to Homeplug-AV parameters. Secondly, the system performance is analyzed for the three cases of channel models and is compared to the one obtained for a set of almost 200 measured channels. An additional study about the Gaussian nature of the linear distortion in the OFDM system caused by the channels (modeled and measured) is presented.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132446840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525841
K. Razazian, A. Niktash, V. Loginov, J. LeClare, T. Lys, C. Lavenu
G3-PLC is a power line communication standard using OFDM technology for data communication defining both physical and data link layers. The data link layer is derived from IEEE 802.15.4 and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) standards. 6LowPAN Ad hoc Distance-vector protocol (LOAD) is used as an efficient routing protocol over varying network topologies and link conditions. Since LOAD was originally developed for wireless networks, several unique enhancements were added to tailor it to power line communications. The enhanced LOAD protocol handles typical issues such as asymmetrical links and ghost nodes. In addition, link repair functionalities are provided and control traffic is reduced. On the other hand, this paper describes how fair channel access is granted to all nodes, providing a sound medium access mechanism which is crucial for a power line communication network. In a second experimental part of the paper, some pressing issues are replicated within a test platform to explore the routing enhancements in a controlled environment. Finally, this paper focuses on the results obtained for a cluster of 132 nodes operating on an actual low voltage grid in Ste Maure de Touraine in the Loire Valley, France. This cluster is part of a 2000 node Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) field trial led by the French Distribution Network Operator (DNO) ERDF. For the first time, results showing enhanced LOAD routing protocol performance within a power line communication AMI deployment are presented. LOAD performs as expected, providing connectivity to all meters installed in a typical residential area.
G3-PLC是一种电力线通信标准，使用OFDM技术进行数据通信，定义物理层和数据链路层。数据链路层源自IEEE 802.15.4和低功耗无线个人区域网络(6LoWPAN)标准。负载(Ad hoc Distance-vector protocol, Ad hoc LOAD)是一种适用于各种网络拓扑和链路条件的高效路由协议。由于LOAD最初是为无线网络开发的，因此添加了一些独特的增强功能以使其适合电力线通信。增强的LOAD协议处理典型的问题，如不对称链接和幽灵节点。此外，还提供了链路修复功能，减少了控制流量。另一方面，本文描述了如何为所有节点提供公平的信道访问，为电力线通信网络提供了一个健全的介质访问机制。在本文的第二个实验部分中，在测试平台中复制了一些紧迫的问题，以探索受控环境中的路由增强。最后，本文重点介绍了在法国卢瓦尔河谷的st Maure de Touraine实际低压电网上运行的132个节点集群的结果。该集群是由法国配电网络运营商(DNO) ERDF领导的2000节点高级计量基础设施(AMI)现场试验的一部分。本文首次展示了在电力线通信AMI部署中增强负载路由协议性能的结果。LOAD按预期运行，为安装在典型住宅区的所有仪表提供连接。
{"title":"Experimental and field trial results of enhanced routing based on LOAD for G3-PLC","authors":"K. Razazian, A. Niktash, V. Loginov, J. LeClare, T. Lys, C. Lavenu","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525841","url":null,"abstract":"G3-PLC is a power line communication standard using OFDM technology for data communication defining both physical and data link layers. The data link layer is derived from IEEE 802.15.4 and Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) standards. 6LowPAN Ad hoc Distance-vector protocol (LOAD) is used as an efficient routing protocol over varying network topologies and link conditions. Since LOAD was originally developed for wireless networks, several unique enhancements were added to tailor it to power line communications. The enhanced LOAD protocol handles typical issues such as asymmetrical links and ghost nodes. In addition, link repair functionalities are provided and control traffic is reduced. On the other hand, this paper describes how fair channel access is granted to all nodes, providing a sound medium access mechanism which is crucial for a power line communication network. In a second experimental part of the paper, some pressing issues are replicated within a test platform to explore the routing enhancements in a controlled environment. Finally, this paper focuses on the results obtained for a cluster of 132 nodes operating on an actual low voltage grid in Ste Maure de Touraine in the Loire Valley, France. This cluster is part of a 2000 node Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) field trial led by the French Distribution Network Operator (DNO) ERDF. For the first time, results showing enhanced LOAD routing protocol performance within a power line communication AMI deployment are presented. LOAD performs as expected, providing connectivity to all meters installed in a typical residential area.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134059985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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