Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525820
M. Antoniali, M. De Piante, A. Tonello
The use of power line communications (PLC) for the interconnection of devices inside vehicles is interesting because it can provide cost and weight reduction of the wiring harness. However, despite the compact size of the in-car electrical grid, high channel attenuation, low impedance access points, and high noise can limit the applicability of PLC. In this paper we report the results of a measurement campaign in a compact electrical car. We focus on the noise and channel response both in the narrow band range (30-500 kHz) and broad band range (2-100 MHz). We show that the electrical power drivers and DC/DC converters on board cause high noise which is more pronounced at low frequencies. Achievable rate analysis shows that the broad band spectrum is more suited for in-car PLC communications.
{"title":"PLC noise and channel characterization in a compact electrical car","authors":"M. Antoniali, M. De Piante, A. Tonello","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525820","url":null,"abstract":"The use of power line communications (PLC) for the interconnection of devices inside vehicles is interesting because it can provide cost and weight reduction of the wiring harness. However, despite the compact size of the in-car electrical grid, high channel attenuation, low impedance access points, and high noise can limit the applicability of PLC. In this paper we report the results of a measurement campaign in a compact electrical car. We focus on the noise and channel response both in the narrow band range (30-500 kHz) and broad band range (2-100 MHz). We show that the electrical power drivers and DC/DC converters on board cause high noise which is more pronounced at low frequencies. Achievable rate analysis shows that the broad band spectrum is more suited for in-car PLC communications.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115473737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525815
Babak Nikfar, A. Vinck
A brief introduction to MIMO-PLC as well as the special case of SIMO-PLC is provided. It is shown that in MIMO-PLC channels, a spatial correlation is inevitable and channels are not spatially independent. A physical as well as a mathematical description of the spatial correlation in MIMO-PLC is provided. Furthermore, two reception diversity techniques, Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and Equal Gain Combining (EGC) are studied and numerical results are presented.
{"title":"Combining techniques performance analysis in spatially correlated MIMO-PLC systems","authors":"Babak Nikfar, A. Vinck","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525815","url":null,"abstract":"A brief introduction to MIMO-PLC as well as the special case of SIMO-PLC is provided. It is shown that in MIMO-PLC channels, a spatial correlation is inevitable and channels are not spatially independent. A physical as well as a mathematical description of the spatial correlation in MIMO-PLC is provided. Furthermore, two reception diversity techniques, Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and Equal Gain Combining (EGC) are studied and numerical results are presented.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125369839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525839
K. Razazian, A. Niktash, V. Loginov, J. Yazdani
G3-PLC is a powerline communication standard employing OFDM technology for the physical layer. The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is derived from IEEE 802.15.4 as an interface between Logical Link Control (LLC) and the physical layer. It adopted Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) specification to facilitate IPv6 interaction at the network layer. Due to hostile power line environment, 6LoWPAN Ad hoc protocol (LOAD) is used as an efficient routing method over varying network topologies and link conditions. Since LOAD is originally developed for wireless networks, it does not consider some specific channel characteristics of power line networks in its routing strategy. This paper describes unique enhancements to LOAD routing tailored to power line communications to address issues such as asymmetrical routing, to minimize the number of control messages and to handle the ghost node issue.
G3-PLC是在物理层采用OFDM技术的电力线通信标准。MAC (Medium Access Control)层由IEEE 802.15.4衍生而来，作为逻辑链路控制(Logical Link Control, LLC)和物理层之间的接口。采用低功耗无线个人区域网络(Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network, 6LoWPAN)规范，方便网络层IPv6交互。由于电力线环境恶劣，6LoWPAN自组织协议(LOAD)被用作在各种网络拓扑和链路条件下的有效路由方法。由于LOAD最初是为无线网络开发的，因此在其路由策略中没有考虑电力线网络的某些特定信道特性。本文描述了针对电力线通信量身定制的LOAD路由的独特增强功能，以解决诸如不对称路由、最小化控制消息数量和处理幽灵节点问题等问题。
{"title":"Enhanced 6LoWPAN Ad hoc routing for G3-PLC","authors":"K. Razazian, A. Niktash, V. Loginov, J. Yazdani","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525839","url":null,"abstract":"G3-PLC is a powerline communication standard employing OFDM technology for the physical layer. The Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is derived from IEEE 802.15.4 as an interface between Logical Link Control (LLC) and the physical layer. It adopted Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) specification to facilitate IPv6 interaction at the network layer. Due to hostile power line environment, 6LoWPAN Ad hoc protocol (LOAD) is used as an efficient routing method over varying network topologies and link conditions. Since LOAD is originally developed for wireless networks, it does not consider some specific channel characteristics of power line networks in its routing strategy. This paper describes unique enhancements to LOAD routing tailored to power line communications to address issues such as asymmetrical routing, to minimize the number of control messages and to handle the ghost node issue.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126646401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525862
T. Shongwe, V. N. Papilaya, A. Vinck
A narrow-band interference (NBI) model for the powerline communications channel is presented. We give frequency domain details and analysis of the NBI model specifically for OFDM systems; it can easily be adapted to model NBI for other communications systems. We also show that by making the same assumptions as in the Middleton class A model, our NBI model becomes the Middleton Class A noise model.
{"title":"Narrow-band interference model for OFDM systems for powerline communications","authors":"T. Shongwe, V. N. Papilaya, A. Vinck","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525862","url":null,"abstract":"A narrow-band interference (NBI) model for the powerline communications channel is presented. We give frequency domain details and analysis of the NBI model specifically for OFDM systems; it can easily be adapted to model NBI for other communications systems. We also show that by making the same assumptions as in the Middleton class A model, our NBI model becomes the Middleton Class A noise model.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132961816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525876
L. Joao, W. Karl-Heinz, V. Alexander
Machine manufactures are facing a challenging moment: on one hand the need to lower the prices, on the other hand the need for more machine flexibility and availability. In this context, Industrial Powerline Communication (IPLC) can play a capital role, by reducing the costs and increasing flexibility. In this paper the requirements and constraints of Powerline Communication (PLC) and Industrial Communication are merged and a solution to this problem proposed. This solution consists of a ferrite filtering, with the task of building a Daisy Chain Network topology on top of a PLC bus.
{"title":"Industrial powerline communication for machine tools and industrial robots","authors":"L. Joao, W. Karl-Heinz, V. Alexander","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525876","url":null,"abstract":"Machine manufactures are facing a challenging moment: on one hand the need to lower the prices, on the other hand the need for more machine flexibility and availability. In this context, Industrial Powerline Communication (IPLC) can play a capital role, by reducing the costs and increasing flexibility. In this paper the requirements and constraints of Powerline Communication (PLC) and Industrial Communication are merged and a solution to this problem proposed. This solution consists of a ferrite filtering, with the task of building a Daisy Chain Network topology on top of a PLC bus.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114970826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525833
Yang Lu, Weilin Liu
For smart grid applications, power line communications (PLC) have become a promising candidate to support some emerging services. Although it may employ frequencies above 500 kHz to guarantee reliable performance and fast response, potential interferences between such PLC access system and medium wave (MW)/short wave (SW) broadcast radios may be caused. This paper targets to evaluate the interference level specifically, based on which some detection and mitigation solutions are also proposed as cognitive PLC approaches. It starts with spectrum analyzer based measurements on the loop antenna and at two typical low voltage (LV) power line access networks in China to investigate the ingress caused by MW/SW broadcast radios, and the Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) issue of PLC is also assessed by a field test. Then by performing a statistical analysis on the narrow-band radio interference level above the power line noise floor, an Adaptive Detection (AD) method for identifying radio stations is presented. Moreover, cooperative detection in cognitive radio (CR) is introduced as well by merging the detecting results achieved at different positions of the network to enhance the performance. Finally, the design aspects for such cognitive PLC access system are briefly discussed.
{"title":"Spectrum analyzer based measurement and detection of MW/SW broadcast radios on power lines for cognitive PLC","authors":"Yang Lu, Weilin Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525833","url":null,"abstract":"For smart grid applications, power line communications (PLC) have become a promising candidate to support some emerging services. Although it may employ frequencies above 500 kHz to guarantee reliable performance and fast response, potential interferences between such PLC access system and medium wave (MW)/short wave (SW) broadcast radios may be caused. This paper targets to evaluate the interference level specifically, based on which some detection and mitigation solutions are also proposed as cognitive PLC approaches. It starts with spectrum analyzer based measurements on the loop antenna and at two typical low voltage (LV) power line access networks in China to investigate the ingress caused by MW/SW broadcast radios, and the Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI) issue of PLC is also assessed by a field test. Then by performing a statistical analysis on the narrow-band radio interference level above the power line noise floor, an Adaptive Detection (AD) method for identifying radio stations is presented. Moreover, cooperative detection in cognitive radio (CR) is introduced as well by merging the detecting results achieved at different positions of the network to enhance the performance. Finally, the design aspects for such cognitive PLC access system are briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124409702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525850
A. Mehboob, Li Zhang, J. Khangosstar, K. Suwunnapuk
Compressed sensing (CS) based joint channel impulse response (CIR) and impulsive noise (IN) estimation is proposed for OFDM systems. Current literature considers CS based CIR and IN estimation as two separate problems. We show that the CIR and IN estimation can be formulated as a single joint problem where the probability of overlap between the supports of IN and CIR in an OFDM frame is significantly low. This allows us to assume that the IN and CIR supports are disjoint. Furthermore, we show that the CS solution from the joint formulation provides improvement in the estimation of CIR and IN as compared to the separate schemes. Numerical simulations verify the improvements in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE), Bit Error Rate (BER) or spectral efficiency offered by the proposed (joint) scheme.
{"title":"Joint channel and impulsive noise estimation for OFDM based power line communication systems using compressed sensing","authors":"A. Mehboob, Li Zhang, J. Khangosstar, K. Suwunnapuk","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525850","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed sensing (CS) based joint channel impulse response (CIR) and impulsive noise (IN) estimation is proposed for OFDM systems. Current literature considers CS based CIR and IN estimation as two separate problems. We show that the CIR and IN estimation can be formulated as a single joint problem where the probability of overlap between the supports of IN and CIR in an OFDM frame is significantly low. This allows us to assume that the IN and CIR supports are disjoint. Furthermore, we show that the CS solution from the joint formulation provides improvement in the estimation of CIR and IN as compared to the separate schemes. Numerical simulations verify the improvements in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE), Bit Error Rate (BER) or spectral efficiency offered by the proposed (joint) scheme.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116145781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525875
A. J. Snyders, H. Ferreira, P. V. Van Rensburg
Previously, it was shown that Capacitor Current Coupling (CCC) is a feasible technique to receive a PLC signal in current form, during the charging time when an electrolytic capacitor short-circuits ordinary PLC reception. In this paper, the shortcomings of this CCC technique is overcome by combining it with ordinary capacitive voltage coupling, so that the two coupling techniques automatically take turns in the time domain to effect a time diversity coupling strategy. The above technique was implemented using Texas Instruments PLC demonstration kits that deploy the G3 open metering standard, with the goal to show improved BER performance under constrained receiving power conditions. A half-wave rectifier power supply was used, while the electrolytic capacitor was varied (amongst other parameters) to demonstrate the impact of such impulsive noise on BER. Also, improved performance is shown, caused by automatic time-diversity of the CCC and standard couplers.
{"title":"A coupling strategy with automatic time diversity to counter rectifier impulsive noise","authors":"A. J. Snyders, H. Ferreira, P. V. Van Rensburg","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525875","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, it was shown that Capacitor Current Coupling (CCC) is a feasible technique to receive a PLC signal in current form, during the charging time when an electrolytic capacitor short-circuits ordinary PLC reception. In this paper, the shortcomings of this CCC technique is overcome by combining it with ordinary capacitive voltage coupling, so that the two coupling techniques automatically take turns in the time domain to effect a time diversity coupling strategy. The above technique was implemented using Texas Instruments PLC demonstration kits that deploy the G3 open metering standard, with the goal to show improved BER performance under constrained receiving power conditions. A half-wave rectifier power supply was used, while the electrolytic capacitor was varied (amongst other parameters) to demonstrate the impact of such impulsive noise on BER. Also, improved performance is shown, caused by automatic time-diversity of the CCC and standard couplers.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128686282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525857
Ling Cheng, T. Swart, H. C. Ferreira
A combination of OFDM modulation with fountain and permutation coding for power-line communications is investigated in this paper. A process to identify and mitigate the errors caused by impulse noise and narrow-band interference is proposed. We further present the decoding bit error rate and redundancies introduced by this scheme. Due to its simplicity and low encoding/decoding complexities, this scheme therefore can be suitable for a simple but robust OFDM-based power-line communications systems of practical interest.
{"title":"Adaptive rateless permutation coding scheme for OFDM-based PLC","authors":"Ling Cheng, T. Swart, H. C. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525857","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of OFDM modulation with fountain and permutation coding for power-line communications is investigated in this paper. A process to identify and mitigate the errors caused by impulse noise and narrow-band interference is proposed. We further present the decoding bit error rate and redundancies introduced by this scheme. Due to its simplicity and low encoding/decoding complexities, this scheme therefore can be suitable for a simple but robust OFDM-based power-line communications systems of practical interest.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114891055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-24DOI: 10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525869
J. Bilbao, A. Calvo, I. Armendariz
Designing new communication protocols on the powerline network requires knowledge of the nature of the channel and the error pattern on real scenarios. This paper presents 3 main outcomes: (i) a simplified methodology for fast characterization of the narrowband powerline channel on scenarios with varying degrees of harshness, without requiring the use of expensive hardware equipment and not strictly defined measurement boundary conditions. (ii) A detailed analysis of the obtained results using the proposed methodology, comparing the results with those obtained using other more complex methods, and a study of the Self-Similar characteristic of the error sequence. (iii) On the basis of the measurements obtained for different scenarios, we propose a simplified narrowband PLC channel model for generating realistic error patterns in discrete event simulation environments.
{"title":"Fast characterization method and error sequence analysis for narrowband indoor powerline channel","authors":"J. Bilbao, A. Calvo, I. Armendariz","doi":"10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISPLC.2013.6525869","url":null,"abstract":"Designing new communication protocols on the powerline network requires knowledge of the nature of the channel and the error pattern on real scenarios. This paper presents 3 main outcomes: (i) a simplified methodology for fast characterization of the narrowband powerline channel on scenarios with varying degrees of harshness, without requiring the use of expensive hardware equipment and not strictly defined measurement boundary conditions. (ii) A detailed analysis of the obtained results using the proposed methodology, comparing the results with those obtained using other more complex methods, and a study of the Self-Similar characteristic of the error sequence. (iii) On the basis of the measurements obtained for different scenarios, we propose a simplified narrowband PLC channel model for generating realistic error patterns in discrete event simulation environments.","PeriodicalId":415075,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127626384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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