Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2021.210365
S. H., Sadek H., A. M., Mahmoud N., Sabry W., Genidy G., M. M
{"title":"BIOSYNTHESIS OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM FUNGI ISOLATED FROM DETERIORATED HISTORICAL GILDED CARTONNAGE AND ITS APPLICATION IN CLEANING","authors":"S. H., Sadek H., A. M., Mahmoud N., Sabry W., Genidy G., M. M","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2021.210365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2021.210365","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47342501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2021.179496
M. Eltoukhy
The title wa wrw Spntjw is well known from 4th dynasty wall decoration. At that time, the bearer was functioned mainly as “the uniqueof great of the Spntjw”. It has been an attested title since the oldKingdom. The wa wrw Spntjw is a person acting as a unique personfrom Wadi Natroun. Moreover, it was established that the importanceof that person depends on the administration employing him and thehierarchical level occupied. In this study, the author establishesthat this title can be employed according to a specific scheme inwhich the title refers to a person. Relying on all the reachableexamples, the author proves the ambivalence of the Spntjw, bothsubstitute and leader, and proposes to translate the term by "Truchsesse" in the cases corresponding to that scheme. His hypothesesare confirmed by the study of several particular cases. The aim ofthis paper is to examine the social standing of the wa wrw Spntjw byconcentrating on known tombs and objects of this title’s bearers(e. g. the tomb of Ra-Htp), specifically tombs that contain a completelist of titles.
{"title":"THE TITLE wa wrw Spntjw","authors":"M. Eltoukhy","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2021.179496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2021.179496","url":null,"abstract":"The title wa wrw Spntjw is well known from 4th dynasty wall decoration. At that time, the bearer was functioned mainly as “the uniqueof great of the Spntjw”. It has been an attested title since the oldKingdom. The wa wrw Spntjw is a person acting as a unique personfrom Wadi Natroun. Moreover, it was established that the importanceof that person depends on the administration employing him and thehierarchical level occupied. In this study, the author establishesthat this title can be employed according to a specific scheme inwhich the title refers to a person. Relying on all the reachableexamples, the author proves the ambivalence of the Spntjw, bothsubstitute and leader, and proposes to translate the term by \"Truchsesse\" in the cases corresponding to that scheme. His hypothesesare confirmed by the study of several particular cases. The aim ofthis paper is to examine the social standing of the wa wrw Spntjw byconcentrating on known tombs and objects of this title’s bearers(e. g. the tomb of Ra-Htp), specifically tombs that contain a completelist of titles.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45031789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2021.179499
M. Abdelwahab
Impressive fortification and renovation work was carried out in Egyptin Mehmet 'Ali's reign (1805- 1848); the pasha rebuilt the old fortifications, and erected new forts according to the new developmentsof weapons and defensive systems. So, he recruited the Europeanscientific and military cadres to seeking their services. Therefore, themilitary architecture of his reign was distinguished with the Europeaninfluences from Turkey, Italy, France and Albania. In other words,many new and uncommon architectural elements have imported tothe Egyptian military architecture in the first of 19th century. Theinnovation introduced into military architecture by Mehmet 'Ali isthe regular designs of the external and internal lines of thebuildings, and the types of the towers to be compatible with attackand defensive weapons. This new type of military architecture wascalled the bastion system. The article's primary purpose isdiscussing: the universal features of military fortifications of 19thcentury in Egypt by tracing the European influences and followsthe origins of the fortification designs of Mehmet' Ali which so-calledthe bastion system. These fortifications carried out some relationson structure, designs, plans, and elements belonged to the prototypesof the European styles, like the Venetian, Ottoman and Frankishstyles which transformed directly and indirectly by Mehmet 'AlitoEgypt in the beginning of the 19th century. The study willed fine thetypes of the most important military architectural designs dating backto the nineteenth century in Egypt and tracing its origins in Europe.Also will enumerate the channels which imported this new technologyand architectural features to Egypt and investigating the factorswhich had been arrived from deferent European sources, such asthe raise and the personal vision of Mehmet 'Ali, the educationalmissions to European countries, the European scientific and militarycadres and the field experiences of the Pasha in the deferentcountries of Ottoman Empire.
{"title":"NEW 19TH CENTURY DEFENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN EGYPT: THE BASTION SYSTEM (HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS)","authors":"M. Abdelwahab","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2021.179499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2021.179499","url":null,"abstract":"Impressive fortification and renovation work was carried out in Egyptin Mehmet 'Ali's reign (1805- 1848); the pasha rebuilt the old fortifications, and erected new forts according to the new developmentsof weapons and defensive systems. So, he recruited the Europeanscientific and military cadres to seeking their services. Therefore, themilitary architecture of his reign was distinguished with the Europeaninfluences from Turkey, Italy, France and Albania. In other words,many new and uncommon architectural elements have imported tothe Egyptian military architecture in the first of 19th century. Theinnovation introduced into military architecture by Mehmet 'Ali isthe regular designs of the external and internal lines of thebuildings, and the types of the towers to be compatible with attackand defensive weapons. This new type of military architecture wascalled the bastion system. The article's primary purpose isdiscussing: the universal features of military fortifications of 19thcentury in Egypt by tracing the European influences and followsthe origins of the fortification designs of Mehmet' Ali which so-calledthe bastion system. These fortifications carried out some relationson structure, designs, plans, and elements belonged to the prototypesof the European styles, like the Venetian, Ottoman and Frankishstyles which transformed directly and indirectly by Mehmet 'AlitoEgypt in the beginning of the 19th century. The study willed fine thetypes of the most important military architectural designs dating backto the nineteenth century in Egypt and tracing its origins in Europe.Also will enumerate the channels which imported this new technologyand architectural features to Egypt and investigating the factorswhich had been arrived from deferent European sources, such asthe raise and the personal vision of Mehmet 'Ali, the educationalmissions to European countries, the European scientific and militarycadres and the field experiences of the Pasha in the deferentcountries of Ottoman Empire.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48476438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2021.179490
Z. Kafafi
Thousands of archaeological sites are recorded, but unfortunatelyonly some are excavated in Jordan. Many of these were eitherdestroyed or at few cases protected by the local communities, inthe meantime others were illegally excavated by the treasurehunters. Archaeological work in Jordan must place the localcommunities as the heart of protection and presenting efforts ofthis cultural heritage. It has been argued that by engaging thelocal communities in the long-term archaeological fieldworks andin restoring and conserving the archaeological sites on year-roundprograms that might help with local employment, training andeducation. This paper aims at shedding light on the local communities’attitude against the archaeological sites. The archaeological siteof Tell Deir 'Alla might be considered as a good example of explainingthis relation. To discuss, the partners of the project (Jordanian andDutch) constructed an archaeological research station that includes asmall site-museum in which many inhabitants of the town Deir 'Allaare engaged in supervising, cleaning and cooking for the teamsexcavating at sites in Valley and renting the station. Moreover, theinhabitants of Deir 'Alla and the surroundings are always involvedin all activities of the excavations conducted in the Jordan valley.In addition, the Tell Deir 'Alla long-term project produced an excellentrelationship amongst the local community and the members of thejoint expedition. We assume that due to this good relationship, thefinancial help offered to the local community of Deir 'Alla, and thearchaeological field training offered to the inhabitants of the townDeir 'Alla and the surrounding villages , the site has been savedand protected from destruction and illicit excavations.
{"title":"ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN JORDAN: AN EXAMPLE FROM TELL DEIR 'ALLA","authors":"Z. Kafafi","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2021.179490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2021.179490","url":null,"abstract":"Thousands of archaeological sites are recorded, but unfortunatelyonly some are excavated in Jordan. Many of these were eitherdestroyed or at few cases protected by the local communities, inthe meantime others were illegally excavated by the treasurehunters. Archaeological work in Jordan must place the localcommunities as the heart of protection and presenting efforts ofthis cultural heritage. It has been argued that by engaging thelocal communities in the long-term archaeological fieldworks andin restoring and conserving the archaeological sites on year-roundprograms that might help with local employment, training andeducation. This paper aims at shedding light on the local communities’attitude against the archaeological sites. The archaeological siteof Tell Deir 'Alla might be considered as a good example of explainingthis relation. To discuss, the partners of the project (Jordanian andDutch) constructed an archaeological research station that includes asmall site-museum in which many inhabitants of the town Deir 'Allaare engaged in supervising, cleaning and cooking for the teamsexcavating at sites in Valley and renting the station. Moreover, theinhabitants of Deir 'Alla and the surroundings are always involvedin all activities of the excavations conducted in the Jordan valley.In addition, the Tell Deir 'Alla long-term project produced an excellentrelationship amongst the local community and the members of thejoint expedition. We assume that due to this good relationship, thefinancial help offered to the local community of Deir 'Alla, and thearchaeological field training offered to the inhabitants of the townDeir 'Alla and the surrounding villages , the site has been savedand protected from destruction and illicit excavations.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47921566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.131815
P. Setty, K. Sailesh
This study provides further evidence for improvement of memory by oral consumption of cardamom. The present study was undertaken with an objective to study the effects of oral administration of cardamom on memory boosting and regaining. Here we investigate the influence of oral intake of cardamom on behavioral task performance by using T-maze and radial arm maze and physiological measures relative to a milk control group. We have observed significant memory boosting and memory regaining effects of cardamom when administered orally. This effect may be due to facilitation of acetylcholine activity by decreasing acetyl cholinesterase activity of cardamom. Hence we recommend further research in this area by investigating compound metabolism to optimize quantification of memory performance following cardamom consumption
{"title":"Article 4","authors":"P. Setty, K. Sailesh","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.131815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.131815","url":null,"abstract":"This study provides further evidence for improvement of memory by oral consumption of cardamom. The present study was undertaken with an objective to study the effects of oral administration of cardamom on memory boosting and regaining. Here we investigate the influence of oral intake of cardamom on behavioral task performance by using T-maze and radial arm maze and physiological measures relative to a milk control group. We have observed significant memory boosting and memory regaining effects of cardamom when administered orally. This effect may be due to facilitation of acetylcholine activity by decreasing acetyl cholinesterase activity of cardamom. Hence we recommend further research in this area by investigating compound metabolism to optimize quantification of memory performance following cardamom consumption","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44454897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.131814
T. Whipple
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Loyola University Chicago Maywood, Illinois and Research and Medical Services VA Hospital Hines, Illinois betes experienced a smaller decline in heart disease mortality in the period between 1982 to 1984 versus the period between 1971 to 1975 compared with nondiabetic individuals in the same periods.11 A recent analysis of middle-aged Finnish men and women found that subjects who had diabetes but were free of cardiovascular disease had the same risk level of CHD mortality as those subjects with a history of MI but without diabetes.12 The US Physicians Health Study (USPHS) was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of 91,285 US male physicians (82,247 men free of both DM and CHD, 2,317 men with DM but not CHD, 5,906 men with CHD but no DM and 815 men with both DM and CHD), aged 40 to 84 years followed over 5 years with regard to all cause and CHD mortality13. Compared to men without diabetes or CHD, the age-adjusted relative risk of death from any cause was 2.3 (95% CI, 2.0–2.6) among men with DM only, 2.2 (95% CI, 2.0–2.4) among men with CHD only, and 4.7 (95% CI, 4.0–5.4) among men with both DM and CHD. The relative risk of CHD mortality was 3.3 (95% CI, 2.6–4.1) among men with DM only, 5.6 (95% CI, 4.9–6.3) among men with CHD only, and 12.0 (95% CI, 9.9–14.6) among men with Clinical Trial Evidence for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes
{"title":"Article 3","authors":"T. Whipple","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.131814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.131814","url":null,"abstract":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine Loyola University Chicago Maywood, Illinois and Research and Medical Services VA Hospital Hines, Illinois betes experienced a smaller decline in heart disease mortality in the period between 1982 to 1984 versus the period between 1971 to 1975 compared with nondiabetic individuals in the same periods.11 A recent analysis of middle-aged Finnish men and women found that subjects who had diabetes but were free of cardiovascular disease had the same risk level of CHD mortality as those subjects with a history of MI but without diabetes.12 The US Physicians Health Study (USPHS) was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of 91,285 US male physicians (82,247 men free of both DM and CHD, 2,317 men with DM but not CHD, 5,906 men with CHD but no DM and 815 men with both DM and CHD), aged 40 to 84 years followed over 5 years with regard to all cause and CHD mortality13. Compared to men without diabetes or CHD, the age-adjusted relative risk of death from any cause was 2.3 (95% CI, 2.0–2.6) among men with DM only, 2.2 (95% CI, 2.0–2.4) among men with CHD only, and 4.7 (95% CI, 4.0–5.4) among men with both DM and CHD. The relative risk of CHD mortality was 3.3 (95% CI, 2.6–4.1) among men with DM only, 5.6 (95% CI, 4.9–6.3) among men with CHD only, and 12.0 (95% CI, 9.9–14.6) among men with Clinical Trial Evidence for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45685098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.131811
C. Noetscher
More than ever before, hospitals in the United States are being challenged to provide high-quality patient care with limited resources. These challenges are generating renewed interest in efficiency initiatives, especially length of stay reduction. A variety of resource limitations currently confront hospitals. One of the most serious of these is the nursing shortage. Acute care facilities throughout the nation are experiencing difficulties in delivering care because of the lack of nurses for inpatient and outpatient services. A major source of this problem is demographics. The declining birth rate during the 1970s, combined with new job opportunities, has resulted in a lower number of candidates for the nursing profession. This situation has been exacerbated by the impact of the expanding technology sector on the employment pool.1,2 In recent years, hospital resources have also been limited by constraints on reimbursement. In the public sector, efforts to balance the federal budget have limited the ability of Medicare payments to keep pace with hospital expenses. In a number of
{"title":"Article 1","authors":"C. Noetscher","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.131811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.131811","url":null,"abstract":"More than ever before, hospitals in the United States are being challenged to provide high-quality patient care with limited resources. These challenges are generating renewed interest in efficiency initiatives, especially length of stay reduction. A variety of resource limitations currently confront hospitals. One of the most serious of these is the nursing shortage. Acute care facilities throughout the nation are experiencing difficulties in delivering care because of the lack of nurses for inpatient and outpatient services. A major source of this problem is demographics. The declining birth rate during the 1970s, combined with new job opportunities, has resulted in a lower number of candidates for the nursing profession. This situation has been exacerbated by the impact of the expanding technology sector on the employment pool.1,2 In recent years, hospital resources have also been limited by constraints on reimbursement. In the public sector, efforts to balance the federal budget have limited the ability of Medicare payments to keep pace with hospital expenses. In a number of","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47654670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.131817
{"title":"Article 6","authors":"","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.131817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.131817","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44948021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.5771/9783845279893-1684
Francis Lodwick
attack on the universities, the Academiarum Examen of 1654, is annotated throughout in a contemporary hand. The same hand can also be seen working in the margins of a Bodleian copy of the irenicist John Dury’s Considerations Concerning the Present Engagement of 1649.1 This hand, I propose, is that of the London merchant, language-planner, and FRS, Francis Lodwick (1619–94), and the purpose of the present article is to explain how these books ended up in the Bodleian Library.
{"title":"Article 2","authors":"Francis Lodwick","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-1684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-1684","url":null,"abstract":"attack on the universities, the Academiarum Examen of 1654, is annotated throughout in a contemporary hand. The same hand can also be seen working in the margins of a Bodleian copy of the irenicist John Dury’s Considerations Concerning the Present Engagement of 1649.1 This hand, I propose, is that of the London merchant, language-planner, and FRS, Francis Lodwick (1619–94), and the purpose of the present article is to explain how these books ended up in the Bodleian Library.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41620339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.98963
A. Ameen
Mā shāʾ Allāh is an Arabic expression used as a spoken amulet in Arabian culture prior Islam, and continued in Islamic heritage, to protect from the evil eye or to bring well luck even. This paper surveys the ‘Mā shāʾ Allāh' and related inscriptions Yā Ḥāfiẓ' and Yā Ḥafīẓ in the Balkans. It focuses on the extant writings on ottoman buildings in Greece. In this regard, it publishes a group of new inscription. The study also investigates the visual impact of such inscriptions. It analyses these inscriptions considering functional, regional, chronological and calligraphic stylistic criteria. The paper characterises the meaning of the ‘Mā shāʾ Allāh' inscription either as a direct message or as a mirror reflects some aspects of the period and society to which belongs. Moreover, it examines the significance of writing the Mā shāʾ Allāh in Greek alphabet ‘Mάσαλα and Μασαλαχ' on Christian buildings and objects. The paper concludes that the Mā shāʾ Allāh acquired over centuries a popular folkloric cultural concept as a talisman to protect from the evil eye rather than its own original religious expression.
{"title":"THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE QUR’ANIC QUOTATION ‘MĀ SHĀ' ALLĀH’ ON BOTH OTTOMAN AND GREEK HERITAGES IN THE BALKANS","authors":"A. Ameen","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.98963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.98963","url":null,"abstract":"Mā shāʾ Allāh is an Arabic expression used as a spoken amulet in Arabian culture prior Islam, and continued in Islamic heritage, to protect from the evil eye or to bring well luck even. This paper surveys the ‘Mā shāʾ Allāh' and related inscriptions Yā Ḥāfiẓ' and Yā Ḥafīẓ in the Balkans. It focuses on the extant writings on ottoman buildings in Greece. In this regard, it publishes a group of new inscription. The study also investigates the visual impact of such inscriptions. It analyses these inscriptions considering functional, regional, chronological and calligraphic stylistic criteria. The paper characterises the meaning of the ‘Mā shāʾ Allāh' inscription either as a direct message or as a mirror reflects some aspects of the period and society to which belongs. Moreover, it examines the significance of writing the Mā shāʾ Allāh in Greek alphabet ‘Mάσαλα and Μασαλαχ' on Christian buildings and objects. The paper concludes that the Mā shāʾ Allāh acquired over centuries a popular folkloric cultural concept as a talisman to protect from the evil eye rather than its own original religious expression.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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