Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.98958
B. Ahmed
This rectangular limestone door lintel of Isi is currently housed in Cairo Museum (under Temporary Register No. 6-12-24-8). It belongs to the end of the 5th dynasty and the beginning of 6th dynasty of the old kingdom. Although it bears no royal name, it has the style of the inscriptions that existed at the end of the old kingdom. This tomb lays in the northern part of the cemetery of Deir El-Gebrawi at Assiut, which belongs to the end of 5th dynasty and the beginning of the 6th dynasty while the southern belongs to the reign of PPi the 2nd from the 6th dynasty.
伊西的长方形石灰石门楣目前收藏在开罗博物馆（临时登记号6-12-24-8）。它属于旧王国第五王朝末期和第六王朝初期。虽然它没有王室名称，但它具有旧王国末期存在的铭文风格。这座陵墓位于阿西乌特Deir El Gebrawi墓地的北部，属于第五王朝末和第六王朝初，而南部属于第六王朝第二代PPi统治时期。
{"title":"OLD KINGDOM DOOR LINTEL OF ISI AT THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM","authors":"B. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.98958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.98958","url":null,"abstract":"This rectangular limestone door lintel of Isi is currently housed in Cairo Museum (under Temporary Register No. 6-12-24-8). It belongs to the end of the 5th dynasty and the beginning of 6th dynasty of the old kingdom. Although it bears no royal name, it has the style of the inscriptions that existed at the end of the old kingdom. This tomb lays in the northern part of the cemetery of Deir El-Gebrawi at Assiut, which belongs to the end of 5th dynasty and the beginning of the 6th dynasty while the southern belongs to the reign of PPi the 2nd from the 6th dynasty.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43058869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.98957
E. Nabil
The present study aims to investigate the conservation of a wooden coffin of the sacred Ibis Mummy that dates back to the Greco-Roman Period. It was found in Minia excavations and transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum in 2012 for conser-vation. For a better unders-tanding of deterioration and raising awareness of the conservation, many examinations and analyses were done, e.g. visual examination and documentation using AutoCAD (2D), optical microscope, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Infrared spectroscopy to define the type of wood, preparation layer, and binder. The coffin under study was kept in inappropriate conditions, causing further deterioration. Moreover, the surface decorations could be hardly seen because of the dust. After examination, conservation was conducted, including mechanical and chemical cleaning, installing friable painted gesso layers, filling cracks and pores, reassembling of the box and the lid, and adjusting the lid. The conservation was successful. Consequently, the coffin is ready for exhibition or storing.
{"title":"SCIENTIFIC METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF IBIS MUMMY'S WOODEN COFFIN","authors":"E. Nabil","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.98957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.98957","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to investigate the conservation of a wooden coffin of the sacred Ibis Mummy that dates back to the Greco-Roman Period. It was found in Minia excavations and transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum in 2012 for conser-vation. For a better unders-tanding of deterioration and raising awareness of the conservation, many examinations and analyses were done, e.g. visual examination and documentation using AutoCAD (2D), optical microscope, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Infrared spectroscopy to define the type of wood, preparation layer, and binder. The coffin under study was kept in inappropriate conditions, causing further deterioration. Moreover, the surface decorations could be hardly seen because of the dust. After examination, conservation was conducted, including mechanical and chemical cleaning, installing friable painted gesso layers, filling cracks and pores, reassembling of the box and the lid, and adjusting the lid. The conservation was successful. Consequently, the coffin is ready for exhibition or storing.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46339552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2020.98964
M. A. Abdel Wahab
{"title":"TYPOLOGY OF THE OTTOMAN MAUSOLEUMS IN RHODES IN THE LIGHT OF THE REMAINING TYPES IN CEMETERY OF MURAD RE'IS","authors":"M. A. Abdel Wahab","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2020.98964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2020.98964","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68470174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38426
A. El-Badry
The water wells at Karnak temples made of red brick and belonging to different eras, (Graeco-Roman and Byzantine periods). These water wells suffer from several deterioration aspects such as exfoliation, hard crusts, disintegration, spalling, cracks, fractures, salts crystallization, micro-organisms colonization's and vegetation. The aim of this paper is to study the deterioration mechanisms affecting the brick units of these wells to prepare a conservation strategy. Different scientific methods such as Light Optical Microscope (LOM), Polarizing Microscope (PM), Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) have been used to determine the mineralogical composition and the deterioration products. The obtained results have proved that the water wells suffer from salts crystallization of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate (thenardite) due to the severe effects of deterioration factors particularly the dominated environmental conditions, water-soluble salts and mineralogical composition of the brick.
{"title":"DETERIORATION MECHANISMS AFFECTING THE BRICKS USED IN THE BUILDING OF THE WATER WELLS AT KARNAK TEMPLES, LUXOR, EGYPT","authors":"A. El-Badry","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38426","url":null,"abstract":"The water wells at Karnak temples made of red brick and belonging to different eras, (Graeco-Roman and Byzantine periods). These water wells suffer from several deterioration aspects such as exfoliation, hard crusts, disintegration, spalling, cracks, fractures, salts crystallization, micro-organisms colonization's and vegetation. The aim of this paper is to study the deterioration mechanisms affecting the brick units of these wells to prepare a conservation strategy. Different scientific methods such as Light Optical Microscope (LOM), Polarizing Microscope (PM), Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDX) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) have been used to determine the mineralogical composition and the deterioration products. The obtained results have proved that the water wells suffer from salts crystallization of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate (thenardite) due to the severe effects of deterioration factors particularly the dominated environmental conditions, water-soluble salts and mineralogical composition of the brick.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43170913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38447
M. Eltoukhy
The word ins is related to the red color in general, ins which means the “Red Linen/Cloth” is derived from it, expressing a material/garment in the texts, it gives the meanings of red linen, red cloth, red garment/ fabric, and red bandage/mummifying bandage, also it happened that it was used in different positions related to divine names/ titles (such as: nb-ins, nbt-ins, jmj-ins.f, and insjtj), each of them is related to a specific God (Osiris, Re, Hathor, Mut, Sekhmet, Bastet, and Sekhmet-Bastet-Rat ); also there is a feast related to ins (HAb-ins). Also the word inst which is a plant, which could be with red flower could be derived from ins. This paper is dealing with the word ins, its different writings in different positions, each gives a special meaning, and it is import-ance to be participated in several divine names in Ancient Egypt until the end of the late period and before the Greco-Roman period.
{"title":"THE MEANING OF THE WORD ins THROUGH ANCIENT EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPHIC TEXTS","authors":"M. Eltoukhy","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38447","url":null,"abstract":"The word ins is related to the red color in general, ins which means the “Red Linen/Cloth” is derived from it, expressing a material/garment in the texts, it gives the meanings of red linen, red cloth, red garment/ fabric, and red bandage/mummifying bandage, also it happened that it was used in different positions related to divine names/ titles (such as: nb-ins, nbt-ins, jmj-ins.f, and insjtj), each of them is related to a specific God (Osiris, Re, Hathor, Mut, Sekhmet, Bastet, and Sekhmet-Bastet-Rat ); also there is a feast related to ins (HAb-ins). Also the word inst which is a plant, which could be with red flower could be derived from ins. This paper is dealing with the word ins, its different writings in different positions, each gives a special meaning, and it is import-ance to be participated in several divine names in Ancient Egypt until the end of the late period and before the Greco-Roman period.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47760417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38437
S. Hamed
Insect attack is a major problem to wood generally, whether it was shaped in objects or in structures. Thus, the present study aims to highlight the behavior of insects while attacking the wood. It also aims to study the effect of preparation layers as well as coating and consolidation materials’ presence on wood-destroying insects’ behavior. Eleven samples were selected among numerous infected wood for investigation and examination by the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Moreover, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the materials employed in previous treatments. The chemical composition of the preparation layers applied on the wood surface was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Then, the results of the different samples were compared. The SEM examination suggested that there are different insect behaviors in attacking wood according to its status, i.e. covered with preparation layers, coated, or consolidated. It is quite evident from the obtained results that bare wood is the most affected, whereas the loss was reduced in wood samples covered with chalk-preparation layers. Furthermore, Paraloid B72 enhances hardwoods protection against re-infestation.
{"title":"OBSERVATIONS ON INSECTS' BEHAVIOR IN ATTACKING WOOD","authors":"S. Hamed","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38437","url":null,"abstract":"Insect attack is a major problem to wood generally, whether it was shaped in objects or in structures. Thus, the present study aims to highlight the behavior of insects while attacking the wood. It also aims to study the effect of preparation layers as well as coating and consolidation materials’ presence on wood-destroying insects’ behavior. Eleven samples were selected among numerous infected wood for investigation and examination by the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). Moreover, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the materials employed in previous treatments. The chemical composition of the preparation layers applied on the wood surface was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Then, the results of the different samples were compared. The SEM examination suggested that there are different insect behaviors in attacking wood according to its status, i.e. covered with preparation layers, coated, or consolidated. It is quite evident from the obtained results that bare wood is the most affected, whereas the loss was reduced in wood samples covered with chalk-preparation layers. Furthermore, Paraloid B72 enhances hardwoods protection against re-infestation.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38443
O. Abouzaid
This article is based on the author recent discovery of the Osirian catacomb of Qurnet Murai atThebes (Abou Zaid, O., A New Discovery of Catacomb in Qurnet Murai at Thebes. BIFAO 117(2017) pp. 9-24, Pls. 1 [a-d] - 3 [a-c]). Many texts and reliefs from Thebes illustrate the Khoiakfeast, but there is no real evidence for where this event took place in the Theban region. The newdiscovery of the Osirian catacomb has revealed the actual site where this feast was celebrated. Inthis paper, therefore, I will propose the route of this feast according to the new discovery of thecatacomb, comparing it with festival routes of similar places, such as Abydos (the route from thetemple to the tomb), along with various aspects of the Dendara enactment of the feast.
{"title":"SOME NEW EVIDENCE FOR THE KHOIAK FEAST AT THEBES","authors":"O. Abouzaid","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38443","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the author recent discovery of the Osirian catacomb of Qurnet Murai atThebes (Abou Zaid, O., A New Discovery of Catacomb in Qurnet Murai at Thebes. BIFAO 117(2017) pp. 9-24, Pls. 1 [a-d] - 3 [a-c]). Many texts and reliefs from Thebes illustrate the Khoiakfeast, but there is no real evidence for where this event took place in the Theban region. The newdiscovery of the Osirian catacomb has revealed the actual site where this feast was celebrated. Inthis paper, therefore, I will propose the route of this feast according to the new discovery of thecatacomb, comparing it with festival routes of similar places, such as Abydos (the route from thetemple to the tomb), along with various aspects of the Dendara enactment of the feast.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38455
M. Abdel-razik
This paper aims to study Ogelbek mosque, which is considered to be one of the most importantMamluk mosques in the city of Aleppo (Syria). The paper made a descriptive and analytical studyof the surviving architectural elements, decorations, and inscriptions of the studied mosque. Thismosque was subjected to many renewal works after its construction; all of these works weredocumented in this study. The paper studied also the endowments which were allocated to themosque by its founder, in addition to the Ottoman endowments. This paper is considered to be adocumentation study to the mosque especially after the destruction which occurred to the wholeSyrian monuments during the current events of the Syrian revolution. Many figures and plates areincluded in this study and they were published for the first time, noting that all the plates weretaken by the author in July 2010.
{"title":"MOSQUE OF OTHMAN IBN OGELBEK IN ALEPPO: AN ARCHITECTURAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY","authors":"M. Abdel-razik","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38455","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study Ogelbek mosque, which is considered to be one of the most importantMamluk mosques in the city of Aleppo (Syria). The paper made a descriptive and analytical studyof the surviving architectural elements, decorations, and inscriptions of the studied mosque. Thismosque was subjected to many renewal works after its construction; all of these works weredocumented in this study. The paper studied also the endowments which were allocated to themosque by its founder, in addition to the Ottoman endowments. This paper is considered to be adocumentation study to the mosque especially after the destruction which occurred to the wholeSyrian monuments during the current events of the Syrian revolution. Many figures and plates areincluded in this study and they were published for the first time, noting that all the plates weretaken by the author in July 2010.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48792397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38462
H. Hagras
As a part of ongoing research on representative Muslim architecture, including Chinese Mosques, this paper seeks to shed light on the cultural development and artistic features of ancient architec-ture of Chinese Muslims. The objective of this paper is to explore the characteristics of design and architecture of Chinese mosques. This article first depicts mosque history and architectural charac-teristics (planning, direction, internal structure, material, art performance and construction subsi-diary, etc.). The mosque under consideration has a long history since its earliest construction during the Tang dynasty. It consists of a group of buildings forming introverted courtyard enclosed by halls and external walls which are known as Siheyuan. Chinese mosques are characterized by architectural forms different from the Islamic world architecture. Chinese Islamic architecture blends Islamic culture and content with traditional local Chinese heritage. This particular mosque is considered a typical ancient mosque, not only in Xi'an but also in China in general.
{"title":"XI’AN DAXUEXI ALLEY MOSQUE: HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY","authors":"H. Hagras","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38462","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of ongoing research on representative Muslim architecture, including Chinese Mosques, this paper seeks to shed light on the cultural development and artistic features of ancient architec-ture of Chinese Muslims. The objective of this paper is to explore the characteristics of design and architecture of Chinese mosques. This article first depicts mosque history and architectural charac-teristics (planning, direction, internal structure, material, art performance and construction subsi-diary, etc.). The mosque under consideration has a long history since its earliest construction during the Tang dynasty. It consists of a group of buildings forming introverted courtyard enclosed by halls and external walls which are known as Siheyuan. Chinese mosques are characterized by architectural forms different from the Islamic world architecture. Chinese Islamic architecture blends Islamic culture and content with traditional local Chinese heritage. This particular mosque is considered a typical ancient mosque, not only in Xi'an but also in China in general.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46596999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38436
Y. Elsayed
The present study aims to examine and treat the flowers canvas painting at the Egyptian Agric-ultural Museum. It is divided into three parts: a) USBDM, SEM-EDX, XRD, GC and FTIR studies, which revealed that the object is suffering from deterioration forms, e.g. ruptures, dust, cracks, missing parts, brittleness, fragility, acidified canvas, and incompatible treatments. The coloring materials are: The green is celadonite (K(Ca, Mg, Fe2) (Fe3Al) [Si4O10](OH)2), the red is hematite (Fe2O3), the blue is lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2), the beige is hematite (Fe2O3) mixed with barite (BaSO4) and zincite (ZnO), and the gray is carbon black (C). Additionally the ground layer consists of hydrocerussite PbCO3.(OH)2, cerussite Pb3CO3 and zincite ZnO binded with animal glue. The oil media is the poppy seed oil. b) The experimental part showed that 7% Beva371 in toluene is more suitable than the fish glue for object consolidation. c) The applied part covered cleaning, consolidation, patching, lining, completing the missing parts in the painting and ground layers and varnishing.
{"title":"CONSERVATION OF THE FLOWERS CANVAS PAINTING (1) AT THE EGYPTIAN AGRICULTURAL MUSEUM","authors":"Y. Elsayed","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38436","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to examine and treat the flowers canvas painting at the Egyptian Agric-ultural Museum. It is divided into three parts: a) USBDM, SEM-EDX, XRD, GC and FTIR studies, which revealed that the object is suffering from deterioration forms, e.g. ruptures, dust, cracks, missing parts, brittleness, fragility, acidified canvas, and incompatible treatments. The coloring materials are: The green is celadonite (K(Ca, Mg, Fe2) (Fe3Al) [Si4O10](OH)2), the red is hematite (Fe2O3), the blue is lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2), the beige is hematite (Fe2O3) mixed with barite (BaSO4) and zincite (ZnO), and the gray is carbon black (C). Additionally the ground layer consists of hydrocerussite PbCO3.(OH)2, cerussite Pb3CO3 and zincite ZnO binded with animal glue. The oil media is the poppy seed oil. b) The experimental part showed that 7% Beva371 in toluene is more suitable than the fish glue for object consolidation. c) The applied part covered cleaning, consolidation, patching, lining, completing the missing parts in the painting and ground layers and varnishing.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42989936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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