Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38423
E. Amin
Textiles are civilizational treasures and dresses are forms of cultural heritage, because clothing is a visual means of communicating ideas and values. It is very fragile, though, and can survive only in very good conservation conditions. Most become nearly completely destroyed due to ageing. This paper presents the documentation and conservation processes of a children Coptic tunic. The tunic is stored in the Egyptian textile museum. It dates to Coptic period, and it was made mostly of linen textile. Stereo microscopy was used in the identification of the textile structure and SEM microscopy associated with EDAX was used to identify the morphology of the fibers, reco-rding the deterioration levels, and analysis the dirty threads. The analytical results proved that the textile structure involves plain weave openwork technique. The tunic was made of linen fibers. There are traces of calcium, chlorine, silicon, sulphide, magnesium and aluminum, elements. Within the same context, it could be said that the main challenges of conservation were the poor condition of the tunic and the previous supporting. The main conservation treatments were surface cleaning and supporting the dress on silk crepeline. The previous supporting stitches were removed. Finally, the tunic was prepared for museum display.
{"title":"THE DOCUMENTATION AND TREATMENT OF A COPTIC CHILD'S TUNIC IN EGYPT","authors":"E. Amin","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38423","url":null,"abstract":"Textiles are civilizational treasures and dresses are forms of cultural heritage, because clothing is a visual means of communicating ideas and values. It is very fragile, though, and can survive only in very good conservation conditions. Most become nearly completely destroyed due to ageing. This paper presents the documentation and conservation processes of a children Coptic tunic. The tunic is stored in the Egyptian textile museum. It dates to Coptic period, and it was made mostly of linen textile. Stereo microscopy was used in the identification of the textile structure and SEM microscopy associated with EDAX was used to identify the morphology of the fibers, reco-rding the deterioration levels, and analysis the dirty threads. The analytical results proved that the textile structure involves plain weave openwork technique. The tunic was made of linen fibers. There are traces of calcium, chlorine, silicon, sulphide, magnesium and aluminum, elements. Within the same context, it could be said that the main challenges of conservation were the poor condition of the tunic and the previous supporting. The main conservation treatments were surface cleaning and supporting the dress on silk crepeline. The previous supporting stitches were removed. Finally, the tunic was prepared for museum display.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46323672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2019.38429
A. Taha, A. Omar, F. El-Wekeel
All ancient textile materials have a simple chemical composition, mainly cellulose and protein. This organic component increases the susceptibility of textiles to soaking up and retaining wet from the unfavorable conditions of high humidity and temperature, causing microbial deterioration. Microbial deterioration of archaeological textile was studied as a state from the Egyptian Textile Museum; isolation, purification, and identification of the causative microorganisms were occurring, where the most common microorganisms isolated from archaeological textiles were molds. Bio-logical activities of the isolated microorganisms were studied and disinfection of archaeological textile was applied using different methods. The characteristics of test methods and disinfection include their application to historical objects. Historic textiles were analyzed from different perspectives: Stereo microscopes, SEM with EDX, FTIR, as well as fiber structure and fiber chemical composition. The results illustrated that the best concentrations of a specific mic-robicide for the bio-treatment of infected textile materials is Di-chloroxylenol at (1000 ppm). It is sufficient to inhibit all isolated microorganisms, followed by p-chloro-m-cresol at (1000 ppm) concentration, and Sodium azide at (2000 ppm) concentration.
{"title":"MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF ANCIENT TEXTILES HOUSED IN THE EGYPTIAN TEXTILE MUSEUM AND METHODS OF ITS CONTROL","authors":"A. Taha, A. Omar, F. El-Wekeel","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2019.38429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2019.38429","url":null,"abstract":"All ancient textile materials have a simple chemical composition, mainly cellulose and protein. This organic component increases the susceptibility of textiles to soaking up and retaining wet from the unfavorable conditions of high humidity and temperature, causing microbial deterioration. Microbial deterioration of archaeological textile was studied as a state from the Egyptian Textile Museum; isolation, purification, and identification of the causative microorganisms were occurring, where the most common microorganisms isolated from archaeological textiles were molds. Bio-logical activities of the isolated microorganisms were studied and disinfection of archaeological textile was applied using different methods. The characteristics of test methods and disinfection include their application to historical objects. Historic textiles were analyzed from different perspectives: Stereo microscopes, SEM with EDX, FTIR, as well as fiber structure and fiber chemical composition. The results illustrated that the best concentrations of a specific mic-robicide for the bio-treatment of infected textile materials is Di-chloroxylenol at (1000 ppm). It is sufficient to inhibit all isolated microorganisms, followed by p-chloro-m-cresol at (1000 ppm) concentration, and Sodium azide at (2000 ppm) concentration.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47699870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-30DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23500
Vdovchenkov E.
{"title":"LOWER DON AS A CONTACT ZONE OF INTERACTION OF NOMADS AND SEDENTARY POPULATION IN THE FIRST CENTURIES AD","authors":"Vdovchenkov E.","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2018.23500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2018.23500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68469770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2018.23496
C. D.
{"title":"A MODEL SIMULATION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY IMPINGING ON THE GIZA PYRAMIDS","authors":"C. D.","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2018.23496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2018.23496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68469707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-03DOI: 10.5771/9783845279893-1695-1
Carla J. Ferstman
{"title":"Article 5","authors":"Carla J. Ferstman","doi":"10.5771/9783845279893-1695-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893-1695-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48123476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2018.7275
Gharib Kh.
This research addresses a study for Nbwy site (its recent location is Belifia village in the south of Beni Suef), it forms a part of the 20 nome of Upper Egypt. The oldest discoveries in this site back to the Middle Kingdom, where remains of a temple were found, which may have been the beginning of worship of goddess Ouadjet in the site. The site has been mentioned in many sources without mentioning its exact location until the discovery of monuments in the site and it nearby sites allowed to specify the location of the site and its importance. Ouadjet was worshipped as the mistress of Nbwy beside Hershef. The most important priest of Ouadjet in Nbwy was PA xa s who was one of the leaders of Ptolemaic army. His main title was priest of Ouadjet the mistress of Nbwy. In Arab sources the site was mentioned as a part of the city of Ehnasya
{"title":"THE NBWY THE CITY OF OUADJET (a) AT BENI-SWEIF","authors":"Gharib Kh.","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2018.7275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2018.7275","url":null,"abstract":"This research addresses a study for Nbwy site (its recent location is Belifia village in the south of Beni Suef), it forms a part of the 20 nome of Upper Egypt. The oldest discoveries in this site back to the Middle Kingdom, where remains of a temple were found, which may have been the beginning of worship of goddess Ouadjet in the site. The site has been mentioned in many sources without mentioning its exact location until the discovery of monuments in the site and it nearby sites allowed to specify the location of the site and its importance. Ouadjet was worshipped as the mistress of Nbwy beside Hershef. The most important priest of Ouadjet in Nbwy was PA xa s who was one of the leaders of Ptolemaic army. His main title was priest of Ouadjet the mistress of Nbwy. In Arab sources the site was mentioned as a part of the city of Ehnasya","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47866498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2018.13911
H. I.
The endowments of the Ottoman buildings were distinguished by the diversity of their material between paper and stone. However, the paper endowments were the official legal form of these buildings as they dealt with their financial and administrative affairs, e.g. staff and endowed places, while the stone endowments did not represent the full meaning of the endowment, but they were only a summary of paper endowments. Their decrees were usually inscribed on the stone panel and fixed in one of the walls of the building, including the name of the founder of the waqf and some endowed places without details. These stone endowments decrees have a great importance because of their material, which has not been easily affected by environmental factors. This paper aims to study a marble endowment by identifying its owner, his titles, the ways of spending, the buildings that benefited, the type of endowment and its amount, the cash units used, and the officials responsible for the endowment.
{"title":"A STUDY OF AN OTTOMAN MARBLE ENDOWMENT PRESERVED IN TOPKAPI PALACE MUSEUM IN ISTANBUL","authors":"H. I.","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2018.13911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2018.13911","url":null,"abstract":"The endowments of the Ottoman buildings were distinguished by the diversity of their material between paper and stone. However, the paper endowments were the official legal form of these buildings as they dealt with their financial and administrative affairs, e.g. staff and endowed places, while the stone endowments did not represent the full meaning of the endowment, but they were only a summary of paper endowments. Their decrees were usually inscribed on the stone panel and fixed in one of the walls of the building, including the name of the founder of the waqf and some endowed places without details. These stone endowments decrees have a great importance because of their material, which has not been easily affected by environmental factors. This paper aims to study a marble endowment by identifying its owner, his titles, the ways of spending, the buildings that benefited, the type of endowment and its amount, the cash units used, and the officials responsible for the endowment.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68469614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2018.7272
A. Sh.
An ancient Egyptian gilded Cartonnage with polychrome decoration period to late - Greek-Roman period found in Saqqara, Egypt was examined to characterize structure components(pigments, grounds layers and binder. It was studied by Optical Microscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Scanning electron microscopycoupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. These techniques were used to identify the composition andmorphology of grounds, nature of pigments and media used in the Cartonnage. The gildedCartonnage is made on a double layer of plain weave linen soaked in gum. The first Coarseground layer being a mixture of calcite and huntite. The second layer (finer one) being purewhite calcite, the pigment colors employed were red, yellow and gold. Red was identified ashematite blended with gypsum, yellow as Calcite mixture with orpiment and gypsum. Gildedlayer was identified as gold and silver with very thin layer of hematite and orpiment mixed withorganic binder applied under the gilded layer. The binding medium on a double layer of plainweave linen , the coarse and the fine layer and binder in the yellow and red pigment areaswas Arabic gum.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION AND EXAMINATION OF PIGMENTS, GROUNDS AND MEDIA FROM ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CARTONNAGE","authors":"A. Sh.","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2018.7272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2018.7272","url":null,"abstract":"An ancient Egyptian gilded Cartonnage with polychrome decoration period to late - Greek-Roman period found in Saqqara, Egypt was examined to characterize structure components(pigments, grounds layers and binder. It was studied by Optical Microscopy, X-ray diffraction(XRD), Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Scanning electron microscopycoupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. These techniques were used to identify the composition andmorphology of grounds, nature of pigments and media used in the Cartonnage. The gildedCartonnage is made on a double layer of plain weave linen soaked in gum. The first Coarseground layer being a mixture of calcite and huntite. The second layer (finer one) being purewhite calcite, the pigment colors employed were red, yellow and gold. Red was identified ashematite blended with gypsum, yellow as Calcite mixture with orpiment and gypsum. Gildedlayer was identified as gold and silver with very thin layer of hematite and orpiment mixed withorganic binder applied under the gilded layer. The binding medium on a double layer of plainweave linen , the coarse and the fine layer and binder in the yellow and red pigment areaswas Arabic gum.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44773100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/ejars.2018.7276
K. H, N. A., El Kenawy M.
Representations of animal behaviour in ancient Egyptian art based on ancient Egyptian observations are closely related to the natural habitats of these animals. The ancient Egyptians artists represented two species of gazelle genus in ancient scenes over their tombs walls; they are Dorcas gazelle, and Sommering gazelle. Both of two kinds are displayed in different behaviours such as: LOCOMOTOR, comfort behaviour, sexual behaviour, hunting behaviour "predation and escape from danger", in addition to parental behaviour.
{"title":"HIGHLIGHT OF COMPARISON BETWEEN THE GAZELLE BEHAVIOUR IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND IN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SCENES","authors":"K. H, N. A., El Kenawy M.","doi":"10.21608/ejars.2018.7276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejars.2018.7276","url":null,"abstract":"Representations of animal behaviour in ancient Egyptian art based on ancient Egyptian observations are closely related to the natural habitats of these animals. The ancient Egyptians artists represented two species of gazelle genus in ancient scenes over their tombs walls; they are Dorcas gazelle, and Sommering gazelle. Both of two kinds are displayed in different behaviours such as: LOCOMOTOR, comfort behaviour, sexual behaviour, hunting behaviour \"predation and escape from danger\", in addition to parental behaviour.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68469794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.21608/EJARS.2018.9953
A. Gharib, H. Mohamed, N. Abdelghany
The paper presents results obtained from investigation of a gilded sword from Islamic Art Museum in CairoEgypt, with multi-analytical non-destructive methods such as optical microscopy (OM), stereo microscope (SM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The present article offers a discussion of swords and sabers during the early Islamic period. The paper proposes a short review on gilding techniques and materials from metal artifacts of cultural heritage. Modern analytical methods applied to the metallic sword (which has gilded copper and iron alloys) revealed a number of structures, complex and different. The iron object degraded in the surrounding environment to emphasizing the chemical and physical processes that occur according the lying environment; the iron blade of the sword has stress due to cracks and pitting corrosion. Furthermore, XRF analysis showed that the hilt of the sword coated with wear and tear gold layer or electrum (an alloy of gold and silver). These results highlighted the chemical composition of the base alloy and gilding; it offers useful information which helps in conservation, handling and storage methods to keep the unique sword.
{"title":"NONDESTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE STUDY OF A GILDED METALLIC SWORD FROM THE ISLAMIC ART MUSEUM","authors":"A. Gharib, H. Mohamed, N. Abdelghany","doi":"10.21608/EJARS.2018.9953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJARS.2018.9953","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results obtained from investigation of a gilded sword from Islamic Art Museum in CairoEgypt, with multi-analytical non-destructive methods such as optical microscopy (OM), stereo microscope (SM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The present article offers a discussion of swords and sabers during the early Islamic period. The paper proposes a short review on gilding techniques and materials from metal artifacts of cultural heritage. Modern analytical methods applied to the metallic sword (which has gilded copper and iron alloys) revealed a number of structures, complex and different. The iron object degraded in the surrounding environment to emphasizing the chemical and physical processes that occur according the lying environment; the iron blade of the sword has stress due to cracks and pitting corrosion. Furthermore, XRF analysis showed that the hilt of the sword coated with wear and tear gold layer or electrum (an alloy of gold and silver). These results highlighted the chemical composition of the base alloy and gilding; it offers useful information which helps in conservation, handling and storage methods to keep the unique sword.","PeriodicalId":41512,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48278396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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