Pub Date : 2005-09-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.0954
Pang Yan-chun, Lin Li, Zhuang Li-dong, Fu Xiu-gen, Wang Xin-li
With the development of the research of modern hydrothermal vent community,some have already diverted their views into the research on fossil hydrothermal vent community.The geological era and settings of hydrothermal vents,characters of the fossil hydrothermal vent community and its categories etc.are analyzed based on the materials reported.Some common methods or ways about research of fossil hydrothermal vent community are enumerated,including describing,contrasting and chemical means.The research the fossil hydrothermal vent community possess some significances,especially in studying the origin of life,enriching Bionomics,explaining the plate tectonics,reflecting the hydrothermal activity,improving the environment and researching bio-mineralization.By far,many problems about the fossil hydrothermal vent community have not been solved,including enriching and deepening the contents about hydrothermal vent community,perfecting the ways and means about researching fossil hydrothermal vent community.
{"title":"ADVANCE IN AND SIGNFICANCE ON RESEARCHING FOSSIL HYDROTHERMAL VENT COMMUNITY","authors":"Pang Yan-chun, Lin Li, Zhuang Li-dong, Fu Xiu-gen, Wang Xin-li","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.0954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.0954","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of the research of modern hydrothermal vent community,some have already diverted their views into the research on fossil hydrothermal vent community.The geological era and settings of hydrothermal vents,characters of the fossil hydrothermal vent community and its categories etc.are analyzed based on the materials reported.Some common methods or ways about research of fossil hydrothermal vent community are enumerated,including describing,contrasting and chemical means.The research the fossil hydrothermal vent community possess some significances,especially in studying the origin of life,enriching Bionomics,explaining the plate tectonics,reflecting the hydrothermal activity,improving the environment and researching bio-mineralization.By far,many problems about the fossil hydrothermal vent community have not been solved,including enriching and deepening the contents about hydrothermal vent community,perfecting the ways and means about researching fossil hydrothermal vent community.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116671789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.0990
Song Lian-chun, Z. Qiang, Han Yong-xiang
In this paper,firstly,the science background is simply summarized about the global climate change,then based on the compartmentalized time scale,the cau global climate warming. change and its effect factors in different time scales are discussed. By analyzed the key natural factors which could cause the climate change in different time scales and the anthropogenic influence upon climate change,it will be help for us to understand the present global climate warming. At the same time,the science diverging and perplexity on the study of climate change are also reviewed.
{"title":"THE SUMMARIZE OF DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS EFFECT FACTORS","authors":"Song Lian-chun, Z. Qiang, Han Yong-xiang","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.0990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.0990","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper,firstly,the science background is simply summarized about the global climate change,then based on the compartmentalized time scale,the cau global climate warming. change and its effect factors in different time scales are discussed. By analyzed the key natural factors which could cause the climate change in different time scales and the anthropogenic influence upon climate change,it will be help for us to understand the present global climate warming. At the same time,the science diverging and perplexity on the study of climate change are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134562744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.1029
Z. Qing, Kang Feng-qin, Zhou Wei
The factors available to hail formation and development, as the climatic, the synoptic and local circulation characteristics and local factors in northwest China are summarized. The recent achievements in hail research by the radar, satellite, lighting gauge and modeling are summed up. Some key scientific problems needed to be urgently solved and research methods needed to be further developed are pointed out.
{"title":"RECENT ADVANCEMENTS OF HAIL RESEARCH IN NORTHWEST CHINA","authors":"Z. Qing, Kang Feng-qin, Zhou Wei","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.09.1029","url":null,"abstract":"The factors available to hail formation and development, as the climatic, the synoptic and local circulation characteristics and local factors in northwest China are summarized. The recent achievements in hail research by the radar, satellite, lighting gauge and modeling are summed up. Some key scientific problems needed to be urgently solved and research methods needed to be further developed are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133835933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0840
Song Zhiqing, Wan Yang-lin
As urbanizing has taken place all over the world, urban has become the main habitation for most people. Therefore, the urban landscape and its impacts on the ecosystem are vital to the quality of urban living and sustainable development of human being. Based on the contemporary relevant literatures, this paper summarizes the characteristics of landscape dynamics in urban through the landscape ecology perspective, and comes out with an interesting conclusion that the track of landscape fragmentation dynamics has the alike characteristics with the Kuznets curve. It can be recognized that the changing process of landscape fragmentation goes through three stages according to the degree of urbanization development: increasing fast during the early period of urbanization, turning gently as the urban growing further, and tending to decrease when the urbanization steps to a mature phase. The authors investigate the reasons of this scene and make a brief comparison with the environmental Kuznets curve to reveal the essential differences between the two kinds of problems of spatial and non-spatial. In the latter part of the paper, the authors take a further step to discuss the impacts of changing landscape pattern on microclimate, hydrology and biodiversity etc. Before come to the end with the propose of paying more attention to the urban landscape pattern transformation and its ecological and environmental impacts in seeking sustainable development.
{"title":"THE DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDSCAPE PATTERN AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPACT ON PLANNING","authors":"Song Zhiqing, Wan Yang-lin","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0840","url":null,"abstract":"As urbanizing has taken place all over the world, urban has become the main habitation for most people. Therefore, the urban landscape and its impacts on the ecosystem are vital to the quality of urban living and sustainable development of human being. Based on the contemporary relevant literatures, this paper summarizes the characteristics of landscape dynamics in urban through the landscape ecology perspective, and comes out with an interesting conclusion that the track of landscape fragmentation dynamics has the alike characteristics with the Kuznets curve. It can be recognized that the changing process of landscape fragmentation goes through three stages according to the degree of urbanization development: increasing fast during the early period of urbanization, turning gently as the urban growing further, and tending to decrease when the urbanization steps to a mature phase. The authors investigate the reasons of this scene and make a brief comparison with the environmental Kuznets curve to reveal the essential differences between the two kinds of problems of spatial and non-spatial. In the latter part of the paper, the authors take a further step to discuss the impacts of changing landscape pattern on microclimate, hydrology and biodiversity etc. Before come to the end with the propose of paying more attention to the urban landscape pattern transformation and its ecological and environmental impacts in seeking sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133670604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0871
黄健熙, 吴炳方, 曾源, 田亦陈
Vegetation cover is an important indicator of regional ecosystem change. Vegetation coverage is a synthetically quantitative index of conditions of vegetation community cover and an important characteristic variable of ecosystem models, water and carbon cycles models. Conventional vegetation coverage means the integrated results of different vegetation type, including tree, shrub and grass. When vegetation vertical heterogeneity is considered, decomposition of vegetation cover into tree and shrub/grass components using remotely sensed data is a new research field and will provide more ecological meaning parameters for quantifying the ecological environment and global climate change. Currently, a series of algorithms have been successfully used to retrieve tree, shrub and grass cover of horizontal scale from remotely sensed data, including vegetation indices, regression analysis, classification and regression tree, artificial neural networks, pixel unmixing analysis, physically-based model inversion, etc. These methods could meet the requirements of application accuracy. With the development of the new sensors, like LIDAR, multi-angle sensors as well as physically-based models, such as geometric optical and radiative transfer models, especially, two-layer canopy reflectance model, the retrieval of tree and shrub/grass cover of vertical scale in different temporal and spatial scale shows promising expectations. The paper reviews in detail the latest achievements and frontiers of the horizontal and vertical scale retrieval of tree, shrub, and grass cover from remotely sensed data, compares and analyzes main methods and models. In the end, it discusses the existing problems of various methods and gives an outlook of future research directions.
{"title":"水平和垂直尺度乔、灌、草覆盖度遥感提取研究进展","authors":"黄健熙, 吴炳方, 曾源, 田亦陈","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0871","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation cover is an important indicator of regional ecosystem change. Vegetation coverage is a synthetically quantitative index of conditions of vegetation community cover and an important characteristic variable of ecosystem models, water and carbon cycles models. Conventional vegetation coverage means the integrated results of different vegetation type, including tree, shrub and grass. When vegetation vertical heterogeneity is considered, decomposition of vegetation cover into tree and shrub/grass components using remotely sensed data is a new research field and will provide more ecological meaning parameters for quantifying the ecological environment and global climate change. Currently, a series of algorithms have been successfully used to retrieve tree, shrub and grass cover of horizontal scale from remotely sensed data, including vegetation indices, regression analysis, classification and regression tree, artificial neural networks, pixel unmixing analysis, physically-based model inversion, etc. These methods could meet the requirements of application accuracy. With the development of the new sensors, like LIDAR, multi-angle sensors as well as physically-based models, such as geometric optical and radiative transfer models, especially, two-layer canopy reflectance model, the retrieval of tree and shrub/grass cover of vertical scale in different temporal and spatial scale shows promising expectations. The paper reviews in detail the latest achievements and frontiers of the horizontal and vertical scale retrieval of tree, shrub, and grass cover from remotely sensed data, compares and analyzes main methods and models. In the end, it discusses the existing problems of various methods and gives an outlook of future research directions.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126905178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0887
C. Guodong, P. Vermeer, Q. Ji-Lin
It has become a common understanding that frost action is a kind of weathering process, which considerably changes engineering properties of soils due to cryogenical actions. Soils newly exposed to freeze-thaw in cold regions tend to change their properties. Therefore, care must be taken with respect to the freeze-thaw induced influence on stability and deformation of engineering constructions. With a view of the state-of-the-art, this paper reviews the general findings of the research on this topic on the basis of an extensive literature study. Technically, the following aspects of soil behavior regarding freeze-thaw are included: the means of investigation and testing techniques, physical and mechanical properties as well as mechanism analysis. Typical research results are taken from various resources and listed herein. The influences of freeze-thaw on soil properties can be summarized that, permeability of soils is generally increased despite of the change of density; densities of loose and dense soils are changed in the opposite way; structure of undisturbed soils can be changed, as the results peak in the stress-strain curve is not as pronounced as that in the pre-freezing ones; strength change is not well in agreement from the previous studies. The authors' comments on previous studies and ideas for further investigation with regard to particularly concerned aspects are given. It is suggested that the original state, such as stress state, density and preconsolidation ratios should be taken into consideration for a more systematic investigation. Meanwhile, the deformation versus time during freezing and thawing may serve as a sound proof of change in particle bondings.
{"title":"STATE-OF-THE-ART OF INFLUENCE OF FREEZE-THAW ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOILS","authors":"C. Guodong, P. Vermeer, Q. Ji-Lin","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0887","url":null,"abstract":"It has become a common understanding that frost action is a kind of weathering process, which considerably changes engineering properties of soils due to cryogenical actions. Soils newly exposed to freeze-thaw in cold regions tend to change their properties. Therefore, care must be taken with respect to the freeze-thaw induced influence on stability and deformation of engineering constructions. With a view of the state-of-the-art, this paper reviews the general findings of the research on this topic on the basis of an extensive literature study. Technically, the following aspects of soil behavior regarding freeze-thaw are included: the means of investigation and testing techniques, physical and mechanical properties as well as mechanism analysis. Typical research results are taken from various resources and listed herein. The influences of freeze-thaw on soil properties can be summarized that, permeability of soils is generally increased despite of the change of density; densities of loose and dense soils are changed in the opposite way; structure of undisturbed soils can be changed, as the results peak in the stress-strain curve is not as pronounced as that in the pre-freezing ones; strength change is not well in agreement from the previous studies. The authors' comments on previous studies and ideas for further investigation with regard to particularly concerned aspects are given. It is suggested that the original state, such as stress state, density and preconsolidation ratios should be taken into consideration for a more systematic investigation. Meanwhile, the deformation versus time during freezing and thawing may serve as a sound proof of change in particle bondings.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123680140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0833
W. Xiaomei, Sun Xiangjun
This paper presents pollen and spore data from sediments of core 18323 on the continental shelf of the southern South China Sea. The 5.4-m long profile covers the last 31 000 years including the late stage of marine oxygen isotope (MIS) stage 3. The study reveals that the lowland rainforest covered the emerged southern continental shelf of the south China sea before the Last Glacial Maximum and that the lowland rainforest diminished and Herbaceae expanded on the adjacent islands during the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating cooling and drying during the ice age. During the termination and the Holocene, the expansion of mangroves and lowland rainforest shows warming of the climate, rising of the sea level and the submerging of the shelf.
{"title":"PALYNOLOGICAL RECORDS SINCE THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM ON THE SUNDA SHELF OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA","authors":"W. Xiaomei, Sun Xiangjun","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.08.0833","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents pollen and spore data from sediments of core 18323 on the continental shelf of the southern South China Sea. The 5.4-m long profile covers the last 31 000 years including the late stage of marine oxygen isotope (MIS) stage 3. The study reveals that the lowland rainforest covered the emerged southern continental shelf of the south China sea before the Last Glacial Maximum and that the lowland rainforest diminished and Herbaceae expanded on the adjacent islands during the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating cooling and drying during the ice age. During the termination and the Holocene, the expansion of mangroves and lowland rainforest shows warming of the climate, rising of the sea level and the submerging of the shelf.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126934401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0732
L. Jianghai, Niu Xiang-long, Feng Jun
Hydrothermal communities in deep seafloor live around Black Smoker sites. The primary producers of hydrothermal ecosystems are thermophiles and archaea. Bacteria convert chemicals (from the sulfur-rich fluid spewed out of vents) to energy, in a process called chemosynthesis. They get energy depending on the oxidation of sulfides (H2S, FeS2) and methane and the reduction of carbon dioxide, instead of photosynthesis. There are two kinds of relationship between thermophiles and other animals. Other animals eat thermophiles or thermophiles exist in a symbiotic relationship with vent animals. Thermophiles not only depend on the deep-sea hydrothermal activities, but also play an important role of hydrothermal mineralization. The source of them is likely to be subsurface biosphere. Black smokers could be “windows to a deep biosphere”, which has crucial implication for the research of thermophiles and the understanding of astrobiology and the origin of life.
{"title":"RESEARCH ADVANCES IN HYDROTHERMAL VENT MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR GEOLOGY","authors":"L. Jianghai, Niu Xiang-long, Feng Jun","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0732","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrothermal communities in deep seafloor live around Black Smoker sites. The primary producers of hydrothermal ecosystems are thermophiles and archaea. Bacteria convert chemicals (from the sulfur-rich fluid spewed out of vents) to energy, in a process called chemosynthesis. They get energy depending on the oxidation of sulfides (H2S, FeS2) and methane and the reduction of carbon dioxide, instead of photosynthesis. There are two kinds of relationship between thermophiles and other animals. Other animals eat thermophiles or thermophiles exist in a symbiotic relationship with vent animals. Thermophiles not only depend on the deep-sea hydrothermal activities, but also play an important role of hydrothermal mineralization. The source of them is likely to be subsurface biosphere. Black smokers could be “windows to a deep biosphere”, which has crucial implication for the research of thermophiles and the understanding of astrobiology and the origin of life.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127680812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0794
QU Wei-zheng, D. Ling, Deng Sheng-gui, Zhu Xiao-jie, Chen Lu, Zhang Wei, Huang Fei
Through the spectral analyses of the temperature fields in troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere and gradually filtrating analyses, it is revealed that in the atmosphere temperature field in troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere there has been an obvious insistent rising tendency for more than 50 years. The amplitude of the temperature rising gradually increases from low layer to high layer. The yearly rate of temperature rising at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa is 013 ℃/a, in the middle part of the troposphere 500 hPa it is 0.019 ℃/a, at the upper part of the troposphere 300 hPa it is 0.036 ℃/a. After the trend variations of the atmosphere temperature field in the Southern Hemisphere are filtrated out, it is revealed that in the temperature field in Southern Hemisphere from the earth surface layer to the top of the troposphere, a very obvious periodic variation, which is in accord with the variation of the sun activity with a period of 22 years, prevails. The periodic variation of solar magnetic field leads in phase slightly. Based on analysis it is known that this is the response of the atmosphere climate system of the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere to the periodic variations of the solar magnetic field. Further analysis also reveals that from the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa to the top of the troposphere, and then to the middle part of the stratosphere 10 hPa, the oscillation phases with a 22-year period component is basically the same. The periodic amplitudes rapidly increase from low layer to high layer. This indicates that the variation of the solar magnetic field has greater effect on the top layer than on the low layer of the troposphere, and on the stratosphere the effect is the greatest. Among them, the 22-year variation period of the temperature field at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa appears only after the trend variations and the 11-year period are filtrated out. Therefore, the effect of periodic variation of the solar magnetic field on the climate at the earth surface layer is comparatively small, and is often covered up. In the temperature field of the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, after the trend variations are filtrated out, a very obvious periodic variation, which is in accord with the variation of the sun activity with a period of 22 years, appears. Based on analysis it is known that this is the response of the atmosphere climate system of the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere to the 11-year periodic variations of the solar activity. In the temperature field of the upper layer 300 hPa of the troposphere, after the trend variations and the 22-year period are filtrated out, the 11-year variation period also appears. But for the middle part of the troposphere 500 hPa there is no such case. This tells us that the 11-year period of the solar activity has the greatest effect on the atmosphere climate at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa, and the effect at the middle and upper layers i
{"title":"THE DECADAL VARIATIONS OF CLIMATE IN TROPOSPHERE OF SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE AND ITS RELATION WITH SOLAR ACTIVITIES","authors":"QU Wei-zheng, D. Ling, Deng Sheng-gui, Zhu Xiao-jie, Chen Lu, Zhang Wei, Huang Fei","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0794","url":null,"abstract":"Through the spectral analyses of the temperature fields in troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere and gradually filtrating analyses, it is revealed that in the atmosphere temperature field in troposphere of the Southern Hemisphere there has been an obvious insistent rising tendency for more than 50 years. The amplitude of the temperature rising gradually increases from low layer to high layer. The yearly rate of temperature rising at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa is 013 ℃/a, in the middle part of the troposphere 500 hPa it is 0.019 ℃/a, at the upper part of the troposphere 300 hPa it is 0.036 ℃/a. After the trend variations of the atmosphere temperature field in the Southern Hemisphere are filtrated out, it is revealed that in the temperature field in Southern Hemisphere from the earth surface layer to the top of the troposphere, a very obvious periodic variation, which is in accord with the variation of the sun activity with a period of 22 years, prevails. The periodic variation of solar magnetic field leads in phase slightly. Based on analysis it is known that this is the response of the atmosphere climate system of the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere to the periodic variations of the solar magnetic field. Further analysis also reveals that from the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa to the top of the troposphere, and then to the middle part of the stratosphere 10 hPa, the oscillation phases with a 22-year period component is basically the same. The periodic amplitudes rapidly increase from low layer to high layer. This indicates that the variation of the solar magnetic field has greater effect on the top layer than on the low layer of the troposphere, and on the stratosphere the effect is the greatest. Among them, the 22-year variation period of the temperature field at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa appears only after the trend variations and the 11-year period are filtrated out. Therefore, the effect of periodic variation of the solar magnetic field on the climate at the earth surface layer is comparatively small, and is often covered up. In the temperature field of the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa in the Southern Hemisphere, after the trend variations are filtrated out, a very obvious periodic variation, which is in accord with the variation of the sun activity with a period of 22 years, appears. Based on analysis it is known that this is the response of the atmosphere climate system of the troposphere in the Southern Hemisphere to the 11-year periodic variations of the solar activity. In the temperature field of the upper layer 300 hPa of the troposphere, after the trend variations and the 22-year period are filtrated out, the 11-year variation period also appears. But for the middle part of the troposphere 500 hPa there is no such case. This tells us that the 11-year period of the solar activity has the greatest effect on the atmosphere climate at the earth surface layer 1 000 hPa, and the effect at the middle and upper layers i","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130719133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0778
Zhang Dong-qiu, Shi Peili, Zhang Xianzhou
Soil respiration is influenced by many factors, which are different in a variety of spatio-temporal ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to review the main factors including abiotic factors such as the soil temperature, soil moisture, rainfall, soil C/N,biotic factors such as vegetation types, biomass, leaf area index, litter, and human activities as well. Based on the summarization, the Q10 of soil respiration, key controlling factors and interaction among different factors were discussed. Soil temperature, soil moisture are the key factors controlling soil respiration. So it is helpful to estimate the amount of soil respiration on the basis of modeling by these factors. However, the prediction has a limitation of underestimation and overestimation at low and high temperature or moisture conditions respectively. In order to acquire accurate estimation of soil respiration, main suggestions for further study are to: combine measurement of soil respiration by chamber with carbon flux of ecosystem by eddy covariance, measure synchronously the biotic and abiotic factors, especially pay more attention to the role of modification of biotic factors on the performance of abiotic controllers, make more measurement in typical plant phenology phase and different weather conditions, and strengthen experimental manipulation and modeling. In conclusion, soil respiration is a complex biochemical process, which is controlled by certain models although regulated by interactions among multi-factors. In order to get accurate modeling and prediction, key factors need to be sought and estimate synthetic influence of interactive factors.
{"title":"SOME ADVANCE IN THE MAIN FACTORS CONTROLLING SOIL RESPIRATION","authors":"Zhang Dong-qiu, Shi Peili, Zhang Xianzhou","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0778","url":null,"abstract":"Soil respiration is influenced by many factors, which are different in a variety of spatio-temporal ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to review the main factors including abiotic factors such as the soil temperature, soil moisture, rainfall, soil C/N,biotic factors such as vegetation types, biomass, leaf area index, litter, and human activities as well. Based on the summarization, the Q10 of soil respiration, key controlling factors and interaction among different factors were discussed. Soil temperature, soil moisture are the key factors controlling soil respiration. So it is helpful to estimate the amount of soil respiration on the basis of modeling by these factors. However, the prediction has a limitation of underestimation and overestimation at low and high temperature or moisture conditions respectively. In order to acquire accurate estimation of soil respiration, main suggestions for further study are to: combine measurement of soil respiration by chamber with carbon flux of ecosystem by eddy covariance, measure synchronously the biotic and abiotic factors, especially pay more attention to the role of modification of biotic factors on the performance of abiotic controllers, make more measurement in typical plant phenology phase and different weather conditions, and strengthen experimental manipulation and modeling. In conclusion, soil respiration is a complex biochemical process, which is controlled by certain models although regulated by interactions among multi-factors. In order to get accurate modeling and prediction, key factors need to be sought and estimate synthetic influence of interactive factors.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"39 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120883409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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