Pub Date : 2005-07-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0757
C. Guang-jie, W. Jian
This paper aims to summarize the past research on environmental evolvement and human-environment relationship in the Yangtze delta, and to put forward some issues for further study. Much attention has been paid to the Yangtze delta formation and evolution from academic circle for its important role in regional economic growth and ecological environment.Many researches indicate that Yangtze delta has been the continental environment suitable for human settlement since the Holocene epoch.A large numbers of Neolithic sites, relics and wells excavated were discovered. After the termination of the Last Glaciation Age, the sea-level in the Yangtze delta was on the increase, and during about 7~6.5 kaBP,the sea-level reached the greatest range, closing to the sea-level of today. Sea-level changes and flooding events played an important role in the rise and fall of human civilization in the Yangtze delta region. The study of archaeological excavation and environmental archaeology indicate that the cultural interrupt in the sections of Neolithic sites are mostly the results of frequently occurred flooding events and extreme climatic events in this research filed. During the 3 kaBP,there is a great change of human-environment relationship. There are many methods to study environmental evolvement such as ~14C, spore and pollen, Geochemistrytechnique, etc. The main content of the following research in the field will focus on multi-proxy , high-resolution, quantificational and synthetical research. Meanwhile,it is quite necessary to emphasis on study of the temporal and spatial evolution of modern environmental evolution to find the path for sustainable development for human-environment relationship.
{"title":"AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL EVOLVEMENT AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONSHIP IN HOLOCENE EPOCH OF THE YANGTZE DELTA","authors":"C. Guang-jie, W. Jian","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0757","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to summarize the past research on environmental evolvement and human-environment relationship in the Yangtze delta, and to put forward some issues for further study. Much attention has been paid to the Yangtze delta formation and evolution from academic circle for its important role in regional economic growth and ecological environment.Many researches indicate that Yangtze delta has been the continental environment suitable for human settlement since the Holocene epoch.A large numbers of Neolithic sites, relics and wells excavated were discovered. After the termination of the Last Glaciation Age, the sea-level in the Yangtze delta was on the increase, and during about 7~6.5 kaBP,the sea-level reached the greatest range, closing to the sea-level of today. Sea-level changes and flooding events played an important role in the rise and fall of human civilization in the Yangtze delta region. The study of archaeological excavation and environmental archaeology indicate that the cultural interrupt in the sections of Neolithic sites are mostly the results of frequently occurred flooding events and extreme climatic events in this research filed. During the 3 kaBP,there is a great change of human-environment relationship. There are many methods to study environmental evolvement such as ~14C, spore and pollen, Geochemistrytechnique, etc. The main content of the following research in the field will focus on multi-proxy , high-resolution, quantificational and synthetical research. Meanwhile,it is quite necessary to emphasis on study of the temporal and spatial evolution of modern environmental evolution to find the path for sustainable development for human-environment relationship.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127106820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0772
Zhang Yunlin, Hu Qun-fang, Chen Weimin, M. Rong-hua
Underwater irradiance and irradiance reflectance in typical lake zones of Lake Taihu were measured using a Macam SR9910 scanning spectroradiometer in April 2004. Extensive water quality parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were measured simultaneously with the spectral data. The features of the spectral irradiance reflectance of the lake waters are discussed. An optimum band combination is found and a local algorithm model for DOC concentration estimation is developed. The results show that DOC concentration ranges from 6.60 to 17.17 mg/L with an average of 9.99 mg/L. Most peaks of subsurface irradiance reflectance are recorded between 560 and 590 nm. The ratio of irradiance reflectance of red waveband to green waveband can be used to estimate DOC concentration satisfactorily. Determination coefficients between lg(R670/R530) and lg(DOC) is 0.82. The retrieving model of DOC concentration is: lg(DOC)=0.654( 0.012)lgR(670)/R(530)]+1.007( 0.086). The maximal, minimal and average relative errors of model are 20.3%, 6.7% and 12.3%, respectively. This paper has demonstrated the potential of the method for deriving CDOM and DOC from measurements of irradiance reflectance in lake Taihu. The accuracy of the method needs to be improved if it is to be of practical use, and this will involve more and careful measurements.
{"title":"RETRIEVING OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BASED ON IRRADIANCE REFLECTANCE IN TYPICAI LAKE ZONES OF LAKE TAIHU","authors":"Zhang Yunlin, Hu Qun-fang, Chen Weimin, M. Rong-hua","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0772","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater irradiance and irradiance reflectance in typical lake zones of Lake Taihu were measured using a Macam SR9910 scanning spectroradiometer in April 2004. Extensive water quality parameters such as Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) were measured simultaneously with the spectral data. The features of the spectral irradiance reflectance of the lake waters are discussed. An optimum band combination is found and a local algorithm model for DOC concentration estimation is developed. The results show that DOC concentration ranges from 6.60 to 17.17 mg/L with an average of 9.99 mg/L. Most peaks of subsurface irradiance reflectance are recorded between 560 and 590 nm. The ratio of irradiance reflectance of red waveband to green waveband can be used to estimate DOC concentration satisfactorily. Determination coefficients between lg(R670/R530) and lg(DOC) is 0.82. The retrieving model of DOC concentration is: lg(DOC)=0.654( 0.012)lgR(670)/R(530)]+1.007( 0.086). The maximal, minimal and average relative errors of model are 20.3%, 6.7% and 12.3%, respectively. This paper has demonstrated the potential of the method for deriving CDOM and DOC from measurements of irradiance reflectance in lake Taihu. The accuracy of the method needs to be improved if it is to be of practical use, and this will involve more and careful measurements.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127627649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0786
Kang Jiancheng, Tang Shu-lin, Liu Lei-bao
The sea ice frozen on polar ocean forms a new interface between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere. Sea ice plays an important part in the climate and environment system of Earth through its modifying role in radiative and energy balances, prevent the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and atmosphere. The salt reject during processes of sea ice freezing affects the ocean structure and circulation. Sea ice also affects the weather and climate at the South Ocean and Antarctic continent. The area of Antarctic sea ice takes about 58% of all the area of south hemisphere cryosphere, and 3.58% of Earth surface area. The seasonal sea ice area in Antarctica is about 83% of all sea ice area. The area of sea ice in Antarctica decreases to the smallest, about 3×10~6km~2, at February in the end of Austral summer; the area increases to the largest, around 18×10~6km~2,at September in the end of Austral winter, the fluctuant range for one year-living sea ice is about 15×10~6km~2. The seasonal change of sea ice is larger than 500%, one of the greatest seasonal surface changes on Earth. The inter-annual variations of sea ice zones are big. Antarctic sea ice area is one of key regions, which affect the global climate and environment in season and inter-annual. To understand sea ice processes and the interactions between ocean and atmosphere in sea ice area are the main objectives of international Antarctic sea ice and climate programs. Some progresses of research on sea ice and clime, and international programs on Antarctic sea ice are reviewed.
{"title":"ANTARCTIC SEA ICE AND CLIMATE","authors":"Kang Jiancheng, Tang Shu-lin, Liu Lei-bao","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.07.0786","url":null,"abstract":"The sea ice frozen on polar ocean forms a new interface between the upper ocean and the lower atmosphere. Sea ice plays an important part in the climate and environment system of Earth through its modifying role in radiative and energy balances, prevent the exchange of heat and moisture between the ocean and atmosphere. The salt reject during processes of sea ice freezing affects the ocean structure and circulation. Sea ice also affects the weather and climate at the South Ocean and Antarctic continent. The area of Antarctic sea ice takes about 58% of all the area of south hemisphere cryosphere, and 3.58% of Earth surface area. The seasonal sea ice area in Antarctica is about 83% of all sea ice area. The area of sea ice in Antarctica decreases to the smallest, about 3×10~6km~2, at February in the end of Austral summer; the area increases to the largest, around 18×10~6km~2,at September in the end of Austral winter, the fluctuant range for one year-living sea ice is about 15×10~6km~2. The seasonal change of sea ice is larger than 500%, one of the greatest seasonal surface changes on Earth. The inter-annual variations of sea ice zones are big. Antarctic sea ice area is one of key regions, which affect the global climate and environment in season and inter-annual. To understand sea ice processes and the interactions between ocean and atmosphere in sea ice area are the main objectives of international Antarctic sea ice and climate programs. Some progresses of research on sea ice and clime, and international programs on Antarctic sea ice are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.06.0664
Xie Shu-cheng, Yang Jiao-yan, Hu Junhua, Lai Xulong, W. Hongmei
Microbes are extensively involved in geological processes occurring within a variety of ecosystems such as marine and oceans, lakes, soils, glaciers, caves, etc. Specific summaries of the microbial studies in individual ecosystems have been partly, if not wholly, presented in literatures. However, This paper overviews some advances in the studies of the biochemical components in molecular geomicrobiology, including nucleic acids (16S rRNA and DNA) and lipids (PLFA and hopanols). Summary is made on the lipid characteristics of specific geomicrobes. Typically, diplopterol, 2-methylhopanes and aryl isoprenoids (2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzene) are respectively reviewed in the exploitation as the biomarkers of methanotrophs, cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria through the geological time. It is proposed that new techniques such as the integration of stable with radioactive isotopes of compound-specific will enhance the further development of molecular geomicrobiology in the future.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE METHODOLOGY IN MOLECULAR GEOMICROBIOLOGY","authors":"Xie Shu-cheng, Yang Jiao-yan, Hu Junhua, Lai Xulong, W. Hongmei","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.06.0664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.06.0664","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes are extensively involved in geological processes occurring within a variety of ecosystems such as marine and oceans, lakes, soils, glaciers, caves, etc. Specific summaries of the microbial studies in individual ecosystems have been partly, if not wholly, presented in literatures. However, This paper overviews some advances in the studies of the biochemical components in molecular geomicrobiology, including nucleic acids (16S rRNA and DNA) and lipids (PLFA and hopanols). Summary is made on the lipid characteristics of specific geomicrobes. Typically, diplopterol, 2-methylhopanes and aryl isoprenoids (2-alkyl-1,3,4-trimethylbenzene) are respectively reviewed in the exploitation as the biomarkers of methanotrophs, cyanobacteria and green sulfur bacteria through the geological time. It is proposed that new techniques such as the integration of stable with radioactive isotopes of compound-specific will enhance the further development of molecular geomicrobiology in the future.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116737555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-06-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.06.0671
潘少明, 彭补拙, 张燕
The vertical distribution of ~(137)Cs in sediment profiles is present in accordance with the record of ~(137)Cs fallout variations in the atmosphere. Therefore,~(137)Cs can be used to infer a geochronology for sediment profiles and sediment accumulation rates can be estimated by measuring vertical distribution of ~(137)Cs in sediment profiles. But some factors must be taken into account for dating horizon in sediment profiles more accurate and precise. The time lag between the time of atmospheric deposition of ~(137)Cs and the time of deposition of ~(137)Cs to sediment profiles should be calculated. For some sediment profiles ~(137)Cs concentration per unit of clay should be explained. In order to prove the accurate of ~(137)Cs dating, sediment accumulation rates estimated by ~(137)Cs dating should also be compared with that measured at same site by other methods, such as standard sediment survey method, ~(210)Pb dating, sedimentary lamination, pollen and so on. Then with several depositional horizons marked by ~(137)Cs the depth (cm) or the mass (g/cm~(2)) of sediment for different time periods can be calculated. And it can be made to compare sediment accumulation rate in depth (sediment accumulation rate) and in mass (sediment flux) for different time periods. Because of compaction effect on sediment the sediment flux can well and truly reflect sedimentation rate. Based on the sediment flux and the area of lake bed measured by GIS, the annual gross accumulation of sediment can be calculated and internal load of pollutants in the lake sediment, lake evolution and environment changes of the lake basin can be studied further. Therefore, ~(137)Cs dating has been extensively used for evaluation of sediment accumulation rate of lake, estuary, and ocean. However, there are still some problems under resolve. Firstly, how thickness of sampling should be divided up to meet both the needs of ~(137)Cs dating precision and the propriety of measurement work. Secondly, attention should be paid to the lag time between ~(137)Cs deposition in atmosphere and in sediment relates to the transport time from soil loss in field to lake. Thirdly, it should be also carefully taken into account whether diffusion and infiltration movement of ~(137)Cs in sediment profiles occurred and what their mechanisms are.
{"title":"用 137 Cs计年法确定湖泊沉积物沉积速率研究进展","authors":"潘少明, 彭补拙, 张燕","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.06.0671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.06.0671","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical distribution of ~(137)Cs in sediment profiles is present in accordance with the record of ~(137)Cs fallout variations in the atmosphere. Therefore,~(137)Cs can be used to infer a geochronology for sediment profiles and sediment accumulation rates can be estimated by measuring vertical distribution of ~(137)Cs in sediment profiles. But some factors must be taken into account for dating horizon in sediment profiles more accurate and precise. The time lag between the time of atmospheric deposition of ~(137)Cs and the time of deposition of ~(137)Cs to sediment profiles should be calculated. For some sediment profiles ~(137)Cs concentration per unit of clay should be explained. In order to prove the accurate of ~(137)Cs dating, sediment accumulation rates estimated by ~(137)Cs dating should also be compared with that measured at same site by other methods, such as standard sediment survey method, ~(210)Pb dating, sedimentary lamination, pollen and so on. Then with several depositional horizons marked by ~(137)Cs the depth (cm) or the mass (g/cm~(2)) of sediment for different time periods can be calculated. And it can be made to compare sediment accumulation rate in depth (sediment accumulation rate) and in mass (sediment flux) for different time periods. Because of compaction effect on sediment the sediment flux can well and truly reflect sedimentation rate. Based on the sediment flux and the area of lake bed measured by GIS, the annual gross accumulation of sediment can be calculated and internal load of pollutants in the lake sediment, lake evolution and environment changes of the lake basin can be studied further. Therefore, ~(137)Cs dating has been extensively used for evaluation of sediment accumulation rate of lake, estuary, and ocean. However, there are still some problems under resolve. Firstly, how thickness of sampling should be divided up to meet both the needs of ~(137)Cs dating precision and the propriety of measurement work. Secondly, attention should be paid to the lag time between ~(137)Cs deposition in atmosphere and in sediment relates to the transport time from soil loss in field to lake. Thirdly, it should be also carefully taken into account whether diffusion and infiltration movement of ~(137)Cs in sediment profiles occurred and what their mechanisms are.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128197586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0499
Chi Chen-xing, Wang Yue-kui, Wang Ling, Hao Zhen-chun
Distributed hydrological model is used to explain the effect of information (such as terrain, soil, vegetation and climate) on every points of the study basin. The inputs and parameters of distributed hydrological model change with space and time. The model's calibration depends on the resolution of grid. In order to describe and control the space change, it is important to make sure right resolution. Distributed hydrological modeling is base on the watershed characteristics extracted from digital elevation model (DEM). Watershed characteristics extracted from different DEM resolution will be statistically different. This paper statistically analyses the watershed character values (such as elevation, gradient, length of watershed network, topographic index) extracted from various resolutions. The concept of entropy has been considered a promising method in this study as it quantitatively measures the information produced by an object (watershed). Large entropy means plenty of information. We find that the coarser the resolution is, the more smoother the terrain is. Mostly, with the DEM grid size increasing, maximal elevation and various of elevation decrease, average elevation and minimal elevation increases; maximal gradient and average gradient and various of gradient decrease; maximal topographic index and various of topographic index decrease; minimal topographic index and average of topographic index increases; length of watershed network decreases. This shows the smoothness effect of resample. With the DEM grid size increasing, entropy becomes smaller and smaller. This means DEM with coarser resolution has less information. Decrease of information is in consistent with change of watershed character values. We compare the relative change of average gradient with relative change of entropy. We find that they have approximately exponential relation. The smoothness of terrain may slower the conflux, but decrease of length of watershed network will shorten conflux time, some analyses of their effects on the velocity of flow have been done.
{"title":"A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF DEM SPACE DATA RESOLUTION","authors":"Chi Chen-xing, Wang Yue-kui, Wang Ling, Hao Zhen-chun","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0499","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed hydrological model is used to explain the effect of information (such as terrain, soil, vegetation and climate) on every points of the study basin. The inputs and parameters of distributed hydrological model change with space and time. The model's calibration depends on the resolution of grid. In order to describe and control the space change, it is important to make sure right resolution. Distributed hydrological modeling is base on the watershed characteristics extracted from digital elevation model (DEM). Watershed characteristics extracted from different DEM resolution will be statistically different. This paper statistically analyses the watershed character values (such as elevation, gradient, length of watershed network, topographic index) extracted from various resolutions. The concept of entropy has been considered a promising method in this study as it quantitatively measures the information produced by an object (watershed). Large entropy means plenty of information. We find that the coarser the resolution is, the more smoother the terrain is. Mostly, with the DEM grid size increasing, maximal elevation and various of elevation decrease, average elevation and minimal elevation increases; maximal gradient and average gradient and various of gradient decrease; maximal topographic index and various of topographic index decrease; minimal topographic index and average of topographic index increases; length of watershed network decreases. This shows the smoothness effect of resample. With the DEM grid size increasing, entropy becomes smaller and smaller. This means DEM with coarser resolution has less information. Decrease of information is in consistent with change of watershed character values. We compare the relative change of average gradient with relative change of entropy. We find that they have approximately exponential relation. The smoothness of terrain may slower the conflux, but decrease of length of watershed network will shorten conflux time, some analyses of their effects on the velocity of flow have been done.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125568690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0485
陈颙, 朱日祥
Environmental problems and natural resources are two hot topics of earth sciences. The new satellite- and airgun geophysical observation techniques developed in the late twentieth century make it possible to monitor the real time structure, state, and dynamic processes of the Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and their further interactions with the biosphere. This has been regarded as a revolutionary advance in the systematic Earth sciences. This paper systematically introduces the objectives of our proposed “Underground Bright Lump” project. This project aims to construct new three-dimensional structures of the Earth's interior in different scales. This will shed new light on our knowledge of both the Earth's interior processes (including continental dynamics) and the structure and state of the lithosphere (including the mineral resources and geological hazards).
{"title":"设立“地下明灯研究计划”的建议","authors":"陈颙, 朱日祥","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0485","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental problems and natural resources are two hot topics of earth sciences. The new satellite- and airgun geophysical observation techniques developed in the late twentieth century make it possible to monitor the real time structure, state, and dynamic processes of the Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and their further interactions with the biosphere. This has been regarded as a revolutionary advance in the systematic Earth sciences. This paper systematically introduces the objectives of our proposed “Underground Bright Lump” project. This project aims to construct new three-dimensional structures of the Earth's interior in different scales. This will shed new light on our knowledge of both the Earth's interior processes (including continental dynamics) and the structure and state of the lithosphere (including the mineral resources and geological hazards).","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128903258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0490
Lin Hai, Yao Yu-peng, Zhang Zhiqiang, Huang Ding-cheng, Ma Fu-chen
This paper underlines the origin and evolution of earth system science and the opportunities and challenges China will face in earth system research. While elucidating the ideology of the earth system research in China, we propose eight key strategic issues: evolution and adaptation of regional climate environment system; water system, water cycle and water security; ecological system and global carbon cycle; human activities and earth surface system; earth interior dynamics and earth system evolution; earth catastrophic events and life process; earth system observation, earth system simulation,and coupling process dynamics, response dynamics and theory for adaptation and prediction.
{"title":"FROM EARTH PROCESSES TO HUMAN EARTH RELATIONSHIP IN HARMONY: A VISION ON THESTRATEGY OF EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH IN CHINA","authors":"Lin Hai, Yao Yu-peng, Zhang Zhiqiang, Huang Ding-cheng, Ma Fu-chen","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper underlines the origin and evolution of earth system science and the opportunities and challenges China will face in earth system research. While elucidating the ideology of the earth system research in China, we propose eight key strategic issues: evolution and adaptation of regional climate environment system; water system, water cycle and water security; ecological system and global carbon cycle; human activities and earth surface system; earth interior dynamics and earth system evolution; earth catastrophic events and life process; earth system observation, earth system simulation,and coupling process dynamics, response dynamics and theory for adaptation and prediction.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127895965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0561
H. Storch, Wang Su-min, E. Zorita, C. Xing, L. Jian
Long-time modeling experiment is a new research field in the global climate simulation. It can not only link present instrumental climatic data up with past proxy record series, but also explain dynamical mechanism of past centennial and decadal climate change, and discuss its main control factors and the difference of regional response. Only few countries can carry on this kind of long-time modeling experiment research at present, for it needs advanced computer technology and climate model. In this paper, the global atmosphere-ocean coupled climate model ECHO-G from Max Planck Institute for Meteorology is introduced, and the result of long-time modeling experiment for the last 1000 years is analyzed. First, the climatic simulation ability of this model has been proved by Jones 120-year global integrated instrumental data. Second, according to the surface 2m air temperature of the millennium simulation, the three stages of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the warming of 20~(th) century in 1000-year climate change are shown, and the distribution characteristics of global and Chinese temperature at the maximum of MWP and the minimum of LIA are analyzed. Finally, based on fitting analysis and comparison on controlling factors, it can be seen that the change of temperature is controlled mainly by the change of effective solar radiation during the last 1000 years, while the increase of the contents of greenhouse gases plays a big role on the fast warming over the past 100 years.
{"title":"LONG-TIME MODELING EXPERIMENT ON GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE FOR THE LAST MILLENNIUM","authors":"H. Storch, Wang Su-min, E. Zorita, C. Xing, L. Jian","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0561","url":null,"abstract":"Long-time modeling experiment is a new research field in the global climate simulation. It can not only link present instrumental climatic data up with past proxy record series, but also explain dynamical mechanism of past centennial and decadal climate change, and discuss its main control factors and the difference of regional response. Only few countries can carry on this kind of long-time modeling experiment research at present, for it needs advanced computer technology and climate model. In this paper, the global atmosphere-ocean coupled climate model ECHO-G from Max Planck Institute for Meteorology is introduced, and the result of long-time modeling experiment for the last 1000 years is analyzed. First, the climatic simulation ability of this model has been proved by Jones 120-year global integrated instrumental data. Second, according to the surface 2m air temperature of the millennium simulation, the three stages of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the warming of 20~(th) century in 1000-year climate change are shown, and the distribution characteristics of global and Chinese temperature at the maximum of MWP and the minimum of LIA are analyzed. Finally, based on fitting analysis and comparison on controlling factors, it can be seen that the change of temperature is controlled mainly by the change of effective solar radiation during the last 1000 years, while the increase of the contents of greenhouse gases plays a big role on the fast warming over the past 100 years.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134187281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-25DOI: 10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0505
Qiang Zu-ji, Wang Yi-ping, Yao Qing-lin
The anomaly of increasing temperature which can show in thermal infrared images of satellite before earthquakes relates to the gases release from the crust. Because the gases such as CO (2) and CH (4) were monitored or sampled only on a few sites, scope of the gases release before earthquakes were not understood enough. From MOPITT data of America EOS satellite, we found a large-scale discharge of CO from the Tibetan Plateau on April 30, 2000 (before it, CO continuously released at least for some days). The image shows that the area with abnormally higher CO content bears circle structure with irregular forms, its accumulative length and area respectively were about 3200 km and 2.67×10~(6) km~(2), and volume percentage of CO is higher in inner circles than that in outer ones. The region with the largest CO volume percentage (31×10~(-8)≥φ(CO)27×10~(-8)) distributes roughly in EW direction with the length about 800km, width about 280 km, and area about 22.41×10~(4)km~(2). φ(CO) in the anomaly area was about 1.57~4.10 times the normal value observed in January, 2002. This phenomenon has a good coherence with large-scale temperature increase on several sites of the Tibetan Plateau from April 29 to 30, 2000. All of them are precursors of the earthquake with Ms 5.9 at Jingtai, Gansu province, June 6, 2000 and that with Ms (6.9) in the north of Burma, June 8, 2000. This means that gases-hot mechanism of earthquake precursors is truthfulness, and low value center of ozone over Tibetan plateau may relate to oxidation of CO in the upper air.
{"title":"CO RELEASE FROM THE TIBETAN PLATEAU BEFORE EARTHQUAKES AND INCREASING TEMPERATURE ANOMALY SHOWING IN THERMAL INFRARED-IMAGES OF SATELLITE","authors":"Qiang Zu-ji, Wang Yi-ping, Yao Qing-lin","doi":"10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11867/J.ISSN.1001-8166.2005.05.0505","url":null,"abstract":"The anomaly of increasing temperature which can show in thermal infrared images of satellite before earthquakes relates to the gases release from the crust. Because the gases such as CO (2) and CH (4) were monitored or sampled only on a few sites, scope of the gases release before earthquakes were not understood enough. From MOPITT data of America EOS satellite, we found a large-scale discharge of CO from the Tibetan Plateau on April 30, 2000 (before it, CO continuously released at least for some days). The image shows that the area with abnormally higher CO content bears circle structure with irregular forms, its accumulative length and area respectively were about 3200 km and 2.67×10~(6) km~(2), and volume percentage of CO is higher in inner circles than that in outer ones. The region with the largest CO volume percentage (31×10~(-8)≥φ(CO)27×10~(-8)) distributes roughly in EW direction with the length about 800km, width about 280 km, and area about 22.41×10~(4)km~(2). φ(CO) in the anomaly area was about 1.57~4.10 times the normal value observed in January, 2002. This phenomenon has a good coherence with large-scale temperature increase on several sites of the Tibetan Plateau from April 29 to 30, 2000. All of them are precursors of the earthquake with Ms 5.9 at Jingtai, Gansu province, June 6, 2000 and that with Ms (6.9) in the north of Burma, June 8, 2000. This means that gases-hot mechanism of earthquake precursors is truthfulness, and low value center of ozone over Tibetan plateau may relate to oxidation of CO in the upper air.","PeriodicalId":415150,"journal":{"name":"Advance in Earth Sciences","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116434761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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